scholarly journals Association of multidimensional poverty and tuberculosis in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimpal Pathak ◽  
Guru Vasishtha ◽  
Sanjay K. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
The State ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Domains

Abstract Background Reduction of multidimensional poverty and tuberculosis are priority development agenda worldwide. The SDGs aims to eradicate poverty in all forms (SDG 1.2) and to end tuberculosis (SDG 3.3.2) by 2030. While poverty is increasingly being measured across multiple domains, reduction of tuberculosis has been an integral part of public health programmes. Though literature suggests a higher prevalence of tuberculosis among the economically poor, no attempt has been made to understand the association between multidimensional poverty and tuberculosis in India. The objective of this paper is to examine the association of multidimensional poverty and tuberculosis in India. Methods The unit data from the National Family Health Survey-4, conducted in 2015–16 covering 628,900 households and 2,869,043 individuals across 36 states and union territories of India was used in the analysis. The survey collected information on the self-reported tuberculosis infection of each member of a sample household at the time of the survey. Multidimensional poverty was measured in the domains of education, health, and standard of living, with a set of 10 indicators. The prevalence of tuberculosis was estimated among the multidimensional poor and non-poor populations across the states of India. A binary logistic regression model was used to understand the association of tuberculosis and multidimensional poverty. Results Results suggest that about 29.3% population of India was multidimensional poor and that the multidimensional poverty index was 0.128. The prevalence of tuberculosis among the multidimensional poor was 480 (95% CI: 464–496) per 100,000 population compared to 250 (95% CI: 238–262) among the multidimensional non-poor. The prevalence of tuberculosis among the multidimensional poor was the highest in the state of Kerala (1590) and the lowest in the state of Himachal Pradesh (220). Our findings suggest a significantly higher prevalence of tuberculosis among the multidimensional poor compared to the multidimensional non-poor in most of the states in India. The odds of having tuberculosis among the multidimensional poor were 1.82 times higher (95% CI, 1.73–1.90) compared to the non-poor. Age, sex, smoking, crowded living conditions, caste, religion, and place of residence are significant socio-demographic risk factors of tuberculosis. Conclusion The prevalence of tuberculosis is significantly higher among the multidimensional poor compared to the multidimensional non-poor in India.

Deciphering Links Between Sexual Violence and Castes in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110325
Author(s):  
Yogendra Musahar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Explanatory Variables

The recent incident, the gang rape and murder of a 19-year-old woman in Hathras, a small village in Uttar Pradesh of India, once again sparks a debate on links between sexual violence and castes in India. This article aims to examine the links between sexual violence and castes in India. This study utilizes the national representative National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4, 2015–16) data. A bivariate analysis was carried out to analyse the data. A binary logistic regression model was applied to predict the effect of explanatory variables, viz. type of place of residence, years of schooling complete, economic status in terms of wealth index and finally castes on predicted variable, i.e. sexual violence. The binary regression model indicates that there were links between sexual violence and castes. For secured and dignified life of women, caste-based sexual violence must be annihilated.

scholarly journals Measuring multidimensional poverty in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: looking beyond income

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-416
Author(s):  
Murilo Fahel ◽  
Leticia Ribeiro Teles
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

Abstract The multidimensional poverty index (MPI) was developed by the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (Ophi) in 2010. The MPI is established on indicators of health, education and standard of living. The concept of multidimensionality is anchored on the theory of poverty and human development elaborated by the indian economist Amartya Sen in the 1980s. The methodology used for the modeling of this study is based on Alkire and Foster - AF (2011) and analyzes the incidence and intensity of poverty. The purpose of this paper focuses on the application of the MPI in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil and uses the Household Sample Survey produced by João Pinheiro Foundation (FJP) in 2009, 2011 and 2013. The results indicate that the MPI is relativaly low, 0.0329 (2009), 0.0226 (2011) and 0.0155 (2013), indicating there is a tendency for decreasing along the years.

Continuing caste inequalities in rural Uttar Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 252-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Goli ◽  
Nagendra Kumar Maurya ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
The State ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Inequality Decomposition ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Lower Castes ◽  
Total Inequality

Purpose – A continuous mixed opinion on the relevance of caste-based reservations and caste as a factor of socioeconomic disparity in the recent period demands update of evidence on socioeconomic inequalities among caste groups for effective policy making. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the caste inequalities in terms of socioeconomic opportunities and poverty are still persisting in rural Uttar Pradesh based on village census surveys? Design/methodology/approach – This study used data primarily collected from four village census surveys under the project rural transformation in Uttar Pradesh, 2013. Bivariate analyses, human opportunity index (HOI), multidimensional poverty index (MPI) and inequality decomposition analyses used as methods of analyses. Findings – The authors findings suggest that in spite of more than six decades of welfare policies and major political mobilization movements among lower castes in the state, the huge inequalities in terms of critical socioeconomic indicators such as landholding, higher education and wealth distribution and multi-dimensional poverty across the castes are still persisting in the state. Decomposition results suggest that between group inequalities contribute more to the total inequality in landholding whereas within group inequalities contribute maximum to total inequality in education and wealth status of different castes in rural Uttar Pradesh. However, within inequalities much less in general castes compared to SCs/OBCs. Originality/value – Based on its latest empirical evidence, this study strengthens the argument that caste still matters in socioeconomic achievements of the population in India even after decades of planning and financing of social welfare schemes to uplift the lower castes in India. Thus, provides critical inputs to current debates on the relevance of caste as a determinant of socioeconomic status in India.

scholarly journals A Demographic Study of the Multidimensional Poverty of Women in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ramya S. Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
United Nations Development Program ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
The Government ◽  
Women In India

Foremost in the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) of the 2030 Agenda, is the goal of achieving “No Poverty”. With nearly a decade yet to go, it is imperative to know the true nature and extent of poverty so that steps can be taken to eradicate poverty in all its forms. Multidimensional Poverty is a problem that persists on a larger extent in a developing country such as India, particularly among its women. The study uses the Demographic Health Survey data – India’s National Family Health Survey (NFHS), a nationwide survey conducted with a representative sample of women aged 15 to 49 throughout the country, to shed light on the nature and extent of deprivations faced by them. The deprivations faced by the women are measured along the dimensions of education, health and standard of living as per the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) jointly developed by UNDP (United Nations Development Program) and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI). Findings reveal that one-fifth of women in India are multidimensionally poor. Further subgroup decomposition reveals that higher levels of deprivations are found in women living alone, with higher age, having more number of children, widowed or divorced, husbands having multiple wives, those having more than one union and married before the legal age of marriage. The Government needs to focus its attention on the most deprived groups of women. Based on the nature and the extent of deprivations that they face, appropriate measures must be taken to bring them out of their destitution.

Determinants of anaemia among children aged under-five years in Meghalaya, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Rituparna Acharjee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Garo Hills ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Childhood anaemia poses serious threats to public health and may impair growth, cardiac function and cognitive and physical development. It also causes increased susceptibility to infections. Statistical analysis was performed on the cross-sectional data of 2957 children from 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV), using binary logistic regression model, to assess the significance of some risk factors of child anemia. Anemia was diagnosed by WHO cut-off points on hemoglobin level. The mean haemoglobin concentration was 114.19 g/dl (95% CI, 113.55-114.83) with the prevalence of child anaemia as 60.4% in Meghalaya. Of the 7 districts in Meghalaya (as per the seven-district classification used in NFHS-4), the highest prevalence was found in West Garo Hills (70.4 per cent), followed by Ri-Bhoi (67.7 per cent) and East Garo Hills (66.4 per cent) and the least prevalence was found in East Khasi Hills (45.6 per cent). The results of binary logistic risk factors showed higher likelihood of anaemia for lower age groups and higher birth orders (p <0.05).

Linking ODA to the MPI: A Proposal for Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 20170041
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Larru
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Official Development Aid

The article starts from the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) methodology and measures ( Santos et al. 2015 ) available, and uses them to compare the current disbursements of Official Development Aid (ODA) with MPI-related deprivations and indicators. In particular, the six deprivation dimensions are matched with the current sectorial classifications contained in the OECD-CRS database. This empirical exercise allows making a comparison between ODA donors’ current disbursements (priorities) and normative disbursements, if the MPI were taken as the rule in order to attain the objective of real poverty eradication. Important political consequences of this counterfactual exercise are deduced: Latin American development agencies (ministries or departments) should start to register ODA flows using the multidimensional poverty dimensions (housing, basic services, standard of living, education, and employment, and social protection); donors (both North-South and South-South Cooperation) should focus their resources and priorities on the MPI structure, increasing recipients’ ownership of development strategies and interventions. This information and way of delivery may make it possible to focus the evaluation of ODA flows more deeply on their impact on poverty, in line with Busan’s recommendations and the post-2015 development agenda (SDG 1).

scholarly journals Which Contraceptive Methods are Used for Stopping Childbearing in India? Levels, Patterns and Determinants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AVIJIT ROY ◽  
MARGUBUR RAHAMAN ◽  
NANIGOPAL KAPASIA ◽  
PRADIP CHOUHAN
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Need ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
National Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fourth Round

Abstract Background: This study aims to examine patterns and socio-economic correlates of using contraceptives for limiting childbirths in India. Methods: The study is based on data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey considering 339,537 currently married, non-pregnant and fecund women. Bivariate and three separate binary logistic regression model were carried out to accomplish the research objectives. Results: Most of the women stated to postpone their childrearing after age 25 years and after achieved children 2 or more in India. Still, 13.5% women were not using any contraceptive to satisfy their demand for postpone childbearing and 8% women were using traditional contraceptive to postpone their childbearing and using traditional contraceptive to postpone childrearing was higher among women aged 15-19 years, illiterate, poor, Muslims and belong from central and northeast region. Women’s age, parity, year of schooling, wealth status, religion, caste, mass media and region found to be strong determinants of met need for limiting childbearing and using traditional contraceptives in India. Conclusion: The met need for demand of spacing methods was fur lagging to desire goals of SDG-3.7.The government should needs to focus on women with high unmet need for limiting and use traditional methods for limiting.

scholarly journals Demographic Risk Factors for Alcohol-Related Aggression In and Around Licensed Venues

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Zinkiewicz ◽  
Ashlee Curtis ◽  
Hannah Meurer ◽  
Peter Miller
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Occupational Category ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors

Aims Few studies have examined the role of gender and both area-level and individual socio-economic status (SES) as independent predictors of alcohol-related aggression (ARA) in and around licensed venues. Methods The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between gender, area-level SES and individual SES (operationalised as occupational category) and ARA in and around licensed venues. The sample comprised 697 men and 649 women aged 16–47, who completed a patron intercept survey as part of a larger study assessing trends in harm and stakeholders' views surrounding local community level interventions in dealing with alcohol-related problems in the night-time economy. Results Binary logistic regression analyses showed that age, gender, occupational category, area-level SES and level of intoxication at time of interview were all significant predictors of involvement in ARA. Being male doubled the odds of involvement in ARA, while age was a protective factor. Blue collar workers had more than double the odds of ARA involvement of professionals, while those living in the most socio-economically disadvantaged areas were over twice as likely to report experiencing ARA compared to those living in the most advantaged areas. However, assessment of the predictive model by gender revealed that effects of age, occupational category and area-level SES were restricted to male participants, with greater intoxication no longer predictive. Conclusions ARA among patrons was significantly more likely to occur among men, those in blue collar occupations, and individuals living in low SES areas, suggesting both individual and area-level disadvantage may play a role in ARA.

scholarly journals Which Contraceptive Methods Are Used for Stopping Childbearing in India? Levels, Patterns and Determinants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AVIJIT ROY ◽  
MARGUBUR RAHAMAN ◽  
NANIGOPAL KAPASIA ◽  
PRADIP CHOUHAN
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Need ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
National Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fourth Round

Abstract Background: This study aims to examine patterns and socio-economic correlates of using contraceptives for limiting childbirths in India. Methods: The study is based on data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey considering 339,537 currently married, non-pregnant and fecund women. Bivariate and three separate binary logistic regression model were carried out to accomplish the research objectives. Results: Most of the women stated to postpone their childrearing after age 25 years and after achieved children 2 or more in India. Still, 13.5% women were not using any contraceptive to satisfy their demand for postpone childbearing and 8% women were using traditional contraceptive to postpone their childbearing and using traditional contraceptive to postpone childrearing was higher among women aged 15-19 years, illiterate, poor, Muslims and belong from central and northeast region. Women’s age, parity, year of schooling, wealth status, religion, caste, mass media and region found to be strong determinants of met need for limiting childbearing and using traditional contraceptives in India. Conclusion: The met need for demand of spacing methods was fur lagging to desire goals of SDG-3.7.The government should needs to focus on women with high unmet need for limiting and use traditional methods for limiting.

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