Determinants of anaemia among children aged under-five years in Meghalaya, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Rituparna Acharjee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Garo Hills ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Childhood anaemia poses serious threats to public health and may impair growth, cardiac function and cognitive and physical development. It also causes increased susceptibility to infections. Statistical analysis was performed on the cross-sectional data of 2957 children from 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV), using binary logistic regression model, to assess the significance of some risk factors of child anemia. Anemia was diagnosed by WHO cut-off points on hemoglobin level. The mean haemoglobin concentration was 114.19 g/dl (95% CI, 113.55-114.83) with the prevalence of child anaemia as 60.4% in Meghalaya. Of the 7 districts in Meghalaya (as per the seven-district classification used in NFHS-4), the highest prevalence was found in West Garo Hills (70.4 per cent), followed by Ri-Bhoi (67.7 per cent) and East Garo Hills (66.4 per cent) and the least prevalence was found in East Khasi Hills (45.6 per cent). The results of binary logistic risk factors showed higher likelihood of anaemia for lower age groups and higher birth orders (p <0.05).

Determinants of anaemia among children aged under-five years in Meghalaya, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rituparna Acharjee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Garo Hills

Abstract: Childhood anaemia poses serious threats to public health and may impair growth, cardiac function and cognitive and physical development. It also causes in-creased susceptibility to infections. Statistical analysis was performed on the cross-sectional data of 2957 children from 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-IV), using binary logistic regression model, to assess the significance of some risk factors of child anemia. Anemia was diagnosed by WHO cut-off points on hemoglobin level. The mean haemoglobin concentration was 114.19 g/dl (95% CI, 113.55-114.83) with the prevalence of child anaemia as 60.4% in Meghalaya. Of the 7 districts in Meghalaya (as per the seven-district classification used in NFHS-4), the highest prevalence was found in West Garo Hills (70.4 per cent), followed by Ri- Bhoi (67.7 per cent) and East Garo Hills (66.4 per cent) and the least prevalence was found in East Khasi Hills (45.6 per cent). The results of binary logistic risk factors showed higher likelihood of anaemia for lower age groups and higher birth orders (p <0.05). Keywords: Meghalaya; Children; Anaemia; Risk factors; Logistic Regression.

scholarly journals Canine Gastrointestinal Nematodiases and Associated Risk Factors in Kigali City, Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Pie Ntampaka ◽  
François Niragire ◽  
Philip Njeru Nyaga ◽  
Gervais Habarugira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Products

Canine nematodes pose a public health risk to humans and livestock; however, the prevalence of canine nematodiases in Rwanda is unknown. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of canine nematodiases and identifying the risk factors for such infections in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved 93 dogs selected across Kigali city. Faecal samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs, and nematode eggs were identified and quantified using the McMaster technique. Risk factors for canine nematodiases were analysed by a multivariable binary logistic regression model. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodiases in dogs was 33.3% (95% CI: 23.8–42.9). The most prevalent species was Ancylostoma spp with 32.3% (95% CI: 22.8–41.8). Nearly 38.7% and 3.2% of the dogs infected with Ancylostoma spp and Toxocara canis had high egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces (≥550), respectively. Approximately 96.8% of dogs infected with nematodes had monoinfection. Logistic regression analysis showed that dog’s age (1 to 2.5 years old), location (Gasabo and Kicukiro districts), and feeding practices were significantly associated with prevalence of canine nematodiases. In particular, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was more than 5 times higher for dogs fed on uncooked animal products and leftovers from households and restaurants compared to those who ate food prepared for them. The AOR was also about 16 times higher for dogs that scavenged and ate leftovers from households compared to those who ate food prepared for them. The findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of GI nematodes in domestic dogs in Kigali city, Rwanda, was 33.3% (95% CI: 23.8–42.9). The identified nematodes, namely, Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara canis, are zoonotic, and dogs and humans are at risk of contracting these nematodes. The factors associated with canine GI nematodes in Kigali city include feeding practices and the dog’s age and location (district). Dog owners need to rethink procedures for deworming and feeding their dogs. Again, the public should be made aware of the role of dogs in transmitting zoonotic nematodes to humans.

scholarly journals Prevalence of shisha smoking and risk factors among female adolescents in Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Bashirian ◽  
Majid Barati ◽  
Manoochehr Karami ◽  
Behrooz Hamzeh ◽  
elahe ezati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western City ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: shisha smoking is on the increase in Iarn, but there are limited data on its use among adolescents. This research purpose is to the survey prevalence of shisha smoking and risk factors among female in Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study . The study participants was 1302. The sampling was multistage random. 12 schools from three sectors of Kermanshah in the western city in Iran( 4 schools from each sector), were selected. Students were in grades 7 to 12. data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and Logistic regression test by using SPSS 22 software. Results: The mean (SD) ages of the students and the ages when the participants started SS were 15.22 ± 1.85 and 13.64 (1.64) respectively. 32.4% of the participants ever having used a shisha and 20.4% mentioned they used shisha the last 30 days. Most of the subjects smoked shishas in friends’ houses (45.8%) and with their friends (47.4%). The significantly important factors that affect SS in these age groups were the father's and mother's occupation, family size, living with others, father's education, having a friend who smokes shishas, friends’ encouragement to smoke shisha, and being in a family that smoke shishas. Conclusions: shisha smoking has become a major concern in female . shisha prevention needs extensive studies. Investigation of shisha behavioral factors is essential in designing of educational interventions. Key words: Female, adolescents, student, shisha smoking .

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in the Small Ruminants of Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hammad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is an economically important and potentially fatal disease of small ruminants caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp). We designed this cross-sectional study to investigate the seroepidemiology of CCPP in the small ruminants of Oman. For this purpose, we sampled a total of 4015 small ruminants (2119 goats and 1896 sheep) from 510 flocks belonging to different governorates of Oman. A commercial competitive enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (cELISA) was used to test the samples. Prevalence (%) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated, and a univariable analysis was conducted to screen different risk factors. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression model was built at the animal and flocklevel (Table 3). In total, 147 (28.8%, CI 24.9, 33.0) flocks tested positive for the CCPP and the seroprevalence ranged from 10.0 to 53.8% in various governorates (p = 0.001). The prevalence was significantly (P<0.001) high in goats (28%, CI 23.8, 32.5) as compared to sheep (13.1%, CI 24.9, 33.0). At flock level; the open herds (OR 2.08, 1.33, 3.27), having a location in the coastal regions (OR 1.70, 1.14, 2.53) and flock size of more than 100 animals (OR 2.45, 1.54, 3.91) were the significant risk factors for CCPP in Oman. At the animal level; goats (OR 2.87, CI 2.17, 3.81), and small ruminants above the age of one year (OR 2.23, CI 1.38-3.59) were found more likely to acquire CCPP. We suggest that a control program based on the changes in the management system to minimize the risk factors and a possible mass vaccination should be devised to check CCPP in Oman.

scholarly journals Risk factors of suicidality among married adults: A cross-sectional survey in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251717
Author(s):  
Abdul Wadood ◽  
Rezaul Karim ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun Hussain ◽  
Masud Rana ◽  
Golam Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Relationship ◽  
Rajshahi City

Background Suicide is a serious public health concern all over the world including Bangladesh. About 9% of the patients admitted with suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempt (SA) later complete suicide. To understand and prevent suicide, the study of SI and SA is necessary but research in this area is scanty in Bangladesh. Therefore, we studied suicidality (SI and SA) among married adults in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. Methods This was a household cross-sectional study. A total of 708 married adults were selected for this study using a multi-stage random sampling. Suicidality was measured based on two factors: (i) suicidal ideation, and (ii) suicide attempt. Frequency distribution, Chi-square test and multiple binary logistic regression model were used in this study according to our objectives. Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicidality was 5.8%, 3.4%, and 8.3% respectively among married adults. A multiple binary logistic regression model provided the following risk factors of suicidality: (i) joint family (AOR = 0.310, p<0.01), (ii) ≥26 years of age at the first marriage (AOR = 0.379, p<0.05), (iii) twice or more marriage (AOR = 0.214, p<0.01), (iv) conjugal life of ≥16 years (AOR = 0.410, p<0.05), (v) having no child (AOR = 6.343, p<0.01) and (vi) having 1–2 children (AOR = 6.190, p<0.01), (vii) medical comorbidity (AOR = 0.421, p<0.01), (viii) mental comorbidity (AOR = 0.253, p<0.01), (ix) stress-anxiety (AOR = 0.311, p<0.01), (x) family history of mental disorders (AOR = 0.059, p<0.01), (xi) family history of suicide/suicide attempt (AOR = 0.009, p<0.01), (xii) substance abuse (AOR = 0.065, p<0.01), (xiii) poor relationship with spouse (AOR = 0.209, p<0.01), and (xiv) poor relationship with other family members (AOR = 0.347, p<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of suicidality is remarkable in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. The government and non-government agencies can use the findings of this study to identify the vulnerable groups and undertake measures for preventing and reducing suicidality.

scholarly journals Fatores de risco associados à hospitalização em idosos atendidos na atenção primária de saúde [Hospitalization-related risk factors in older adults receiving primary health care] [Factores de riesgo asociados con la hospitalización en ancianos atendidos en la atención primaria de salud]

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. e15488
Author(s):  
Fabiana Maria Rodrigues Lopes De Oliveira ◽  
Kátia Nêyla De Freitas Macedo Costa ◽  
Maria de Lourdes De Farias Pontes ◽  
Patrícia Serpa de Souza Batista ◽  
Keylla Talitha Fernandes Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Health Strategy ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores de risco associados à hospitalização de idosos por meio do instrumento de predição de risco de admissão hospitalar. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com idosos cadastrados na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados em uma amostra de 368 idosos. Para análise, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e o modelo de regressão logística binária. Projeto aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, com número de CAAE: 22372413.5.0000.5188. Resultados: nos idosos com risco alto para hospitalização, predominaram aqueles com autopercepção de saúde média; uma internação hospitalar e mais de seis consultas médicas no último ano; diabéticos; doença cardiovascular; sexo feminino; com apoio social e faixa etária entre 60-74 anos. Conclusão: considerando os malefícios da hospitalização para saúde da pessoa idosa, e sua possibilidade de prevenção, os fatores de risco para hospitalização devem ser conhecidos pelos profissionais de enfermagem com vistas a diminuir a ocorrência desses eventos.ABSTRACTObjective: to evaluate risk factors associated with the hospitalization of older adults using a hospital admission risk prediction instrument. Method: in this cross-sectional study of a sample of 368 older adults enrolled in the Family Health Strategy, data were collected from February to April 2014, and treated by descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression modelling. The project was approved by the research ethics committee (CAAE number: 22372413.5.0000.5188). Results: the older adults at high risk of hospitalization predominantly reported fair self-rated health; a hospital admission and more than six medical appointments in the prior year; diabetes; cardiovascular disease; female sex; social support; and age 60-74 years. Conclusion: considering the adverse effects of hospitalization on the health of older adults, and the possibility of preventing them, nursing professionals should know the risk factors for hospitalization in order to reduce the occurrence of such events.RESUMENObjetivo: evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados a la hospitalización de ancianos a través del instrumento de predicción de riesgo de admisión hospitalaria. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con ancianos registrados en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Los datos fueron recolectados de febrero a abril de 2014, con una muestra de 368 ancianos. Para el análisis se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y el modelo de regresión logística binaria. Proyecto aprobado en el comité de ética, número de CAAE: 22372413.5.00.00.5188. Resultados: Entre los ancianos con alto riesgo de hospitalización, predominaron aquellos que definían su salud como mediana; una internación hospitalaria y más de seis consultas médicas durante el último año; diabéticos; enfermedad cardiovascular; sexo femenino; con apoyo social y franja de edad entre 60-74 años. Conclusión: considerando los maleficios de la hospitalización para la salud de la persona mayor, y su posibilidad de prevención, los factores de riesgo para hospitalización deben ser conocidos por los profesionales de enfermería objetivando disminuir la ocurrencia de estos eventos.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among men: A study based on Empowered Action Group states, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098234
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Himani Sharma ◽  
Kamalesh Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Eag States

Background: Despite various programmes initiated by the Government of India, the nutritional indicators are not encouraging, as several problems like undernutrition, malnutrition and anaemia – still persist in the country, especially in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Aim: Because of the dearth of studies regarding anaemia among men in India, the present study aimed to determine its prevalence in this population in the EAG states and to analyse its geographical and socio-demographic determinants. Methods: The study utilized nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data from round 4 of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. Bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression were performed to assess the predictors of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Results: Around a quarter of the men in the EAG states suffered from anaemia. A similar high-prevalence pattern was observed across the EAG states. Wherein, Bihar and Jharkhand had the highest prevalence of anaemia while Uttarakhand showed the lowest. Age, place of residence, marital status and caste were positively associated with the likelihood of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Conclusions: Focusing on the EAG states, this study considered the severity of anaemia as a public health problem among men. Strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia among this population are needed. The government should formulate programmes targeting anaemia specifically, and improving the nutritional status among men in general in the EAG states.

scholarly journals Is it time to administer acellular pertussis vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in all areas using whole-cell pertussis vaccination schedule?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 251513552110158
Author(s):  
Abdoulreza Esteghamati ◽  
Shirin Sayyahfar ◽  
Yousef Alimohamadi ◽  
Sarvenaz Salahi ◽  
Mahmood Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Childbearing Age Women ◽  
The Mean

Background: Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine administration is still advocated for children under 7 years of age in Iran. However, there is no recommendation for the administration of a dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in the Iranian vaccination program and it has increased the risk of infection through waning immunity during women’s childbearing age life. The study aimed to assess the levels of anti- Bordetella pertussis antibodies in childbearing age women of different ages in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 360 childbearing age women divided into six age groups, with 5-year intervals from 15 to 45 years old, in 2018–2019. Then, the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against B. pertussis were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 16.0) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.01 ± 8.35 years (range 14–45 years). All the cases were IgM negative, but two IgA-positive individuals (in the age groups of 14–19 and 30–34 years) were reported. Overall, 239 (66.4%) cases were IgG positive. The mean age of IgG-positive cases was 30.37 ± 8.37 years. The IgG-positive cases were mostly in the age groups of 30–34 and 35–39 years [43 (71.1%)]. The odds of IgG positivity were 1.97. The highest odds of IgG positivity were seen in 30–34 and 35–39 years groups (2.52) and the lowest odds were seen in the 20–24 and 25–29 years groups (1.60). Using the Jonckheere–Terpstra test, the increasing trend of IgG changes in different age groups was not statistically significant (Tπ=5.78, p = 0.09). Conclusion: The infants of women of childbearing age might be prone to pertussis in countries using the wP vaccination schedule. It is suggested to administer a dose of Tdap to women before or during pregnancy to increase the immunity of their infants against this disease during early infancy.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to identify the determinants of non-communicable diseases among fishermen in Southern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhila Doddamani ◽  
A. B. Kirthinath Ballala ◽  
Sharath P. Madhyastha ◽  
Asha Kamath ◽  
Muralidhar M. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Dietary Practice ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background India is currently facing a rising epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Identification of modifiable risk factors is of paramount importance to curb this menace. Fishermen are one of the most vulnerable occupational groups with unique characteristics that make them prone to acquire NCDs, as a significant share of their life is spent at sea. Hence, this study was planned to ascertain the burden of NCDs, determine various risk factors of NCDs, and measure the association between risk factors and NCDs among fishermen of Coastal Karnataka in South India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 681 fishermen aged 18 years and above as per the semi-structured interview schedule for two years (2017–2019). A convenience sampling strategy was adopted. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v.15.0. The results were described in terms of proportions and their 95% confidence intervals. Continuous data were summarized using the mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range depending on the skewness of data. Chi-square test was used to study the association between NCDs and modifiable risk factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of NCDs. Results The mean (SD) age of the population was 42.5 (SD 12.5) years. The mean years involved in fishing was 19.8 years (SD 10.9). More than half (59.5%) of the study participants had severe stress and most (80.3%) were ever substance users. Advancing age, not being able to contact family while at sea, poor dietary practice, ever substance use, increasing waist circumference were significant correlates of NCDs. Conclusions The commonly prevalent risk factors of NCDs among fishermen included poor dietary practice, higher stress levels, substance use, increasing waist circumference, and inability to contact with family while at sea. Hypertension and Diabetes were the two common NCDs in the study population. There is a need for immediate attention in managing NCDs’ risk factors by promoting a healthy lifestyle by primary health care providers through a sustainable community awareness program targeting fishermen at a convenient time and location, either at the sea-port or meeting places. Harmful effects of substance use, healthy dietary practices, and the importance of physical activity outside their job need emphasis. In addition, screening programs should be organized with the help of boat owners and fishing associations at-least once a year to pick up NCDs at an early stage.

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