scholarly journals Sex education and self-poisoning in Sri Lanka: an explorative analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Crowley ◽  
Piumee Bandara ◽  
Lalith Senarathna ◽  
Ayodhya Malalagama ◽  
Sonali Gunasekera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Societal Expectations

Abstract Background Self-harm and suicide are important causes of morbidity and mortality in Sri Lanka, but our understanding of these behaviours is limited. Qualitative studies have implicated familial and societal expectations around sex and relationships. We conducted an explorative analysis using case-control data to investigate the association between sex education and self-poisoning in Sri Lanka. Methods Cases (N=298) were self-poisoning inpatients on a toxicology ward, Teaching Hospital Peradeniya. Controls (N=500) were sex and age frequency matched to cases and were outpatients/visitors to the same hospital. Participants were asked whether they had received sex education, and to rate the quality and usefulness of any sex education received. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and religion quantified the association between receipt, quality and usefulness of sex education and self-poisoning. We tested whether the associations differed by sex. Results Roughly 1-in-3 cases and 1-in-5 controls reported having not received sex education. Individuals who did not receive sex education were nearly twice as likely to have self-poisoned than those who did (OR 1.68 (95% CI 1.11-2.55)). Those who reported the sex education they received as not useful were more likely to have self-poisoned compared to those who reported it useful (OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.04-3.65)). We found no evidence of an association between self-poisoning and the self-rated quality of sex education, or that associations differed by participant sex. Conclusion As sex education is potentially modifiable at the population-level, further research should aim to explore this association in more depth, using qualitative methods and validated measurement tools.

scholarly journals Domestic violence, mental health, and repeat self-harm in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piumee Bandara ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Thilini Rajapakse ◽  
Duleeka Kniipe
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Evidence on the risk factors for repeat self-harm from low- and middle-income countries is scarce and requires urgent attention. Aims: We sought to examine psychosocial correlates of repeat self-harm in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Methods: Logistic regression models (adjusting for age and sex) were used to examine associations between study factors and repeat self-harm among adult patients (N=292) admitted for self-poisoning. Results: Depression (OR 2.8 95% CI 1.7-4.7), prior psychiatric diagnosis (OR 4.8 95% CI 2.2-10.2), past-year exposure to suicidal behaviour (OR 1.9 95% 1.1-3.3), physical/sexual abuse (OR 3.0 95% CI 1.3-6.9), and psychological abuse (OR 2.3 95% CI 1.3-4.2) were strongly associated with repeat self-harm. Conclusions: Identification and management of domestic violence and psychiatric morbidity should be part of routine clinical assessments of patients presenting with self-harm.

Physician Perceptions on Quality of Life and Resuscitation Preferences for Extremely Early Newborns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle LoRe ◽  
Christopher Mattson ◽  
Dalia M. Feltman ◽  
Jessica T. Fry ◽  
Kathleen G. Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comfort Care ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Extremely Preterm

Objective The study aimed to explore physician views on whether extremely early newborns will have an acceptable quality of life (QOL), and if these views are associated with physician resuscitation preferences. Study Design We performed a cross-sectional survey of neonatologists and maternal fetal medicine (MFM) attendings, fellows, and residents at four U.S. medical centers exploring physician views on future QOL of extremely early newborns and physician resuscitation preferences. Mixed-effects logistic regression models examined association of perceived QOL and resuscitation preferences when adjusting for specialty, level of training, gender, and experience with ex-premature infants. Results A total of 254 of 544 (47%) physicians were responded. A minority of physicians had interacted with surviving extremely early newborns when they were ≥3 years old (23% of physicians in pediatrics/neonatology and 6% in obstetrics/MFM). The majority of physicians did not believe an extremely early newborn would have an acceptable QOL at the earliest gestational ages (11% at 22 and 23% at 23 weeks). The majority of physicians (73%) believed that having an extremely preterm infant would have negative effects on the family's QOL. Mixed-effects logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) revealed that physicians who believed infants would have an acceptable QOL were less likely to offer comfort care only at 22 (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.65, p < 0.01) and 23 weeks (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07–0.78, p < 0.02). They were also more likely to offer active treatment only at 24 weeks (OR: 9.66, 95% CI: 2.56–38.87, p < 0.01) and 25 weeks (OR: 19.51, 95% CI: 3.33–126.72, p < 0.01). Conclusion Physician views of extremely early newborns' future QOL correlated with self-reported resuscitation preferences. Residents and obstetric physicians reported more pessimistic views on QOL. Key Points

scholarly journals Examine the Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Frailty in an Older Asian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiep Huu Hoang Dao ◽  
Anh Trung Nguyen ◽  
Huyen Thi Thanh Vu ◽  
Tu Ngoc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Definition Of

Background: There has been evidence that metabolic syndrome (MetS) may increase the risk of frailty. However, there is limited evidence on this association in Asian populations. Aims: This study aims to identify the association between MetS and frailty in older people in Vietnam. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a dataset obtained from an observational study on frailty and sarcopenia in patients aged &ge;60 at a geriatric hospital in Vietnam. Frailty was defined by the frailty phenotype. Participants were defined as having MetS if they had &ge;3 out of 5 criteria from the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adults Treatment Panel (ATP) III. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to estimate the risk of having frailty in patients with MetS. Results: There were 669 participants (mean age 71, 60.2% female), 62.3% had MetS and 39.0% was frail. The prevalence of frailty was 42.2% in participants with MetS, 33.7% in participants without MetS (p=0.029). On logistic regression models, MetS was associated with increased likelihood of being frail (adjusted OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.01-2.28), allowing for age, sex, education, nutritional status, history of hospitalisation and chronic diseases. Conclusion: There was a significant association between MetS and frailty in this population. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm this association.

scholarly journals Trends in Peritoneal Dialysis Use in the United States after Medicare Payment Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1763-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Sloan ◽  
Cynthia J. Coffman ◽  
Linda L. Sanders ◽  
Matthew L. Maciejewski ◽  
Shoou-Yih D. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Prospective Payment System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Payment Reform ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Medicare Data ◽  
Dialysis Facility

Background and objectivesPeritoneal dialysis (PD) for ESKD is associated with similar mortality, higher quality of life, and lower costs compared with hemodialysis (HD), but has historically been underused. We assessed the effect of the 2011 Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) for dialysis on PD initiation, modality switches, and stable PD use.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsUsing US Renal Data System and Medicare data, we identified all United States patients with ESKD initiating dialysis before (2006–2010) and after (2011–2013) PPS implementation, and observed their modality for up to 2 years after dialysis initiation. Using logistic regression models, we examined the associations between PPS and early PD experience (any PD 1–90 days after initiation), late PD use (any PD 91–730 days after initiation), and modality switches (PD-to-HD or HD-to-PD 91–730 days after initiation). We adjusted for patient, dialysis facility, and regional characteristics.ResultsOverall, 619,126 patients with incident ESKD received dialysis at Medicare-certified facilities, 2006–2013. Observed early PD experience increased from 9.4% before PPS to 12.6% after PPS. Observed late PD use increased from 12.1% to 16.1%. In adjusted analyses, PPS was associated with increased early PD experience (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.47 to 1.55; P<0.001) and late PD use (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.45 to 1.50; P<0.001). In subgroup analyses, late PD use increased in part due to an increase in HD-to-PD switches among those without early PD experience (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.52 to 1.66; P<0.001) and a decrease in PD-to-HD switches among those with early PD experience (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98; P=0.004).ConclusionsMore patients started, stayed on, and switched to PD after dialysis payment reform. This occurred without a substantial increase in transfers to HD.

Omitting chemotherapy in more patients with early breast cancer in the post-TAILORx era.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12534-e12534
Author(s):  
Christos Markopoulos ◽  
Zoi Andromahi Sariyanni ◽  
Dimitrios C. Ziogas ◽  
Zoh Antonopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Tsoulos
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Recurrence Score ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Oncotype Dx ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
High Clinical Risk

e12534 Background: The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate how many patients previously treated according to OncotypeDX Recurrence Score (RS) could have been spared of Chemotherapy if the TAILORx RS data had been taken into account in the clinical treatment decisions. Methods: A series of 182 patients, 34-74 years of age with early breast cancer, treated in our Breast Unit during the last 10 years, for whom treatment decisions were based on OncotypeDX RS. The Recurrence Scores of all these patients were obtained and the actual treatment decisions that were made based on the pre-TAILORx cut-offs of RS 18 and 31 were recorded. These decisions were then re-evaluated based on the after TAILORx cut-off scores, by taking also into consideration the patients’ age. Descriptive statistics were used as well as logistic regression models to estimate the potential change in treatment decisions based on the new Oncotype Dx cut-offs. Results: In the cohort of patients we analyzed that underwent Oncotype Dx testing, 34.1% (62/182) received Chemotherapy, based on the initial pre-TAILORX cut-offs of the RS. When utilizing the new cut-offs (after TAILORx results) in combination with age, we have estimated that, for the patients > 50 years of age, a 12.7% was potentially over-treated and for those ≤50 years old, 9.1% was potentially over-treated since they have received chemotherapy with a RS below 16; additionally, 30.8% of the patients of that age that have RS between 16 and 20 have received chemotherapy even though the average chemotherapy benefit for this group is 1.6% and can go up to 6.7% if they have a high clinical risk as it was defined by the investigators of the TAILORx trial. Finally, 84,6% of patients ≤50 years old with RS between 21-25 received chemotherapy with a 6.5% potential benefit demonstrated in the TAILORx trial. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that, by using the cut-offs of TAILORx trial, adjuvant chemotherapy could had been omitted in at least a further 11.5% of patients with early breast cancer, reassuring their quality of life without declining their prognosis.

Logistic regression models for predicting physical and mental health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholam Hossein Alishiri ◽  
Noushin Bayat ◽  
Ali Fathi Ashtiani ◽  
Seyed Abbas Tavallaii ◽  
Shervin Assari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document