Clinical application of large channel endoscopic decompression in posterior cervical spine disorders

Abstract Background We investigated the clinical value of posterior percutaneous endoscopic decompression (PED) for single-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Methods: Clinical data from February 2016 to March 2018 were collected for 32 patients with single-segment CSM or CSR who underwent posterior cervical percutaneous large channel endoscopic decompression and completed a regular follow-up exam at 12 months after surgery. Patient data included: age (range 30–81 years and mean of 49.5 years) and surgical information (operation time, bleeding volume, hospital stay, complications, etc.). The Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and pain visual analog scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the surgical outcome for each patient. Cervical spine radiographs were used to evaluate cervical curvature (Cervical spondylotic angle (CSA), C2–7 Cobb angle) and CT and MRI were used to assess the extent of laminectomy and nerve root decompression. The JOA score, VAS score, cervical curvature were analyzed statistically, and the clinical outcome was evaluated using modified Macnab criteria at the last patient follow-up exam. Results The JOA and VAS scores were compared before and after surgery (1 day Pre-op; 3 days, 3 months and 12 months Post-op). The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in cervical curvature (C2–7 Cobb angle) between the time points (1 day Pre-op; 3 days, 3 months and 12 months Post-op), but the differences were no statistically significant in CSA angle (P < 0.05) The operation time range was 45–110 min (mean 68.6 ± 23.8 min); the intraoperative blood loss range was 20–85 ml (mean28 ± 14.8 ml), and the hospital stay was 3–8 days (mean4.5 days). At the last follow-up, the clinical efficacy was evaluated using modified Macnab criteria. The results were excellent in 18 cases, good in 11 cases, and fair in 3 cases. The combined excellent and good rate was 93.75%. Postoperative CT and MRI showed that the compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots was completely relieved. Conclusion Endoscopic decompression of posterior cervical vertebral disorders is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive surgical procedure with rapid recovery times. This procedure warrants additional research and clinical application.

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Utility of modified transarticular screw in the middle and lower cervical spine as intermediate fixation in posterior long fusion surgery

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2009.5.spine08348 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 555-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hiroshi Miyamoto ◽

Masatoshi Sumi ◽

Koki Uno

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Spine ◽

Cobb Angle ◽

Nerve Root ◽

Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽

Transarticular Screw ◽

Fusion Surgery ◽

Nerve Root Injury ◽

A New Technique

Object The use of a pedicle screw (PS) in the cervical spine ensures strong fixation. However, 6.7–29% of such screws appear to be malpositioned using manual insertion techniques, especially at C-3 to C-6 where the pedicle diameter is smaller, potentially causing catastrophic complications such as vertebral artery (VA) and spinal cord or nerve root injuries. To optimize safety, the authors use a new technique: cephalad and/or caudad ends at C-2 and C-7/T-1, respectively, are fixed with PSs, and intermediate points around C3–6 are fixed using a modified transarticular screw technique that captures 3 dorsal cortices and preserves the ventral cortex of the facet in posterior long fusion surgery involving occipitospinal fixation. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate this technique and evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes. Methods Thirty-nine patients, 8 men and 31 women, with a mean age of 61.7 ± 11.0 years at surgery, were included in the study. Twenty-eight occipitospinal fusions and 11 posterior long fusions were performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group consisting of 26 patients and a non-RA group of 13 patients including 7 with athetoid cerebral palsy. Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. For radiological evaluation, the Cobb angle on lateral radiographs was measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up, and the degree of realignment from pre- to postoperation and the loss of correction from postoperation to the follow-up were compared between the 2 patient groups. Results The recovery rate of the JOA score was 50.6 ± 20.7% in the RA group and 37.3 ± 24.3% in the non-RA group. Neither VA injury nor spinal cord or nerve root injury occurred among this series. The degree of realignment was greater in the non-RA group (9.2 ± 13.9°) than the RA group (1.4 ± 12.7°) as the Cobb angle was more kyphotic preoperatively in the non-RA group (2.9 ± 18.6°) than in the RA group (17.4 ± 15.7°). However, 38.5% of patients in the non-RA group had a correction loss > 10% compared with 7.7% in the RA group; this difference was statistically significant. Conclusions The featured transarticular screw technique, which preserves the ventral cortex of the facet, as intermediate fixation in long fusion is a safe and easy procedure with few complications. It ensures acceptable clinical and radiological outcomes, especially in patients with RA.

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Anterior versus posterior surgical approach for lumbosacral tuberculosis

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060518764933 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 2569-2577 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bolong Zheng ◽

Dingjun Hao ◽

Hua Guo ◽

Baorong He

Keyword(s):

Cobb Angle ◽

Anterior Approach ◽

Posterior Approach ◽

Operation Time ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Loss Of Correction ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Angle Correction ◽

Before And After

Objective To compare two different approaches for the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis. Patients and Methods In total, 115 patients who were surgically treated in our department from July 2010 to July 2014 were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into the anterior and posterior approach groups. Intraoperative hemorrhage; the surgery time; the Cobb angle preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the follow-up visit (2 years postoperatively); visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores before and after surgery; and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results The Cobb angle and VAS and ODI scores were significantly improved in both groups after surgery. Significant differences were found in the operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage, Cobb angle correction, and loss of correction at the last follow-up. No significant differences were found in the VAS and ODI scores between the groups. Conclusions The posterior approach is superior to the anterior approach with respect to the surgery time, intraoperative hemorrhage, and Cobb angle postoperatively and at the last follow-up. When both approaches can be carried out for a patient with lumbosacral tuberculosis, the posterior approach should be favored over the anterior approach.

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Hemivertebra Resection Combined With Wedge Osteotomy for Treatment of Severe Rigid Congenital Kyphoscoliosis in Adolescence

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17556/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xinhua Yin ◽

Liang Yan ◽

Baorong He ◽

Ding Jun Hao ◽

Zhongkai Liu

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Operation Time ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Wedge Osteotomy ◽

Sagittal Imbalance ◽

Operative Blood Loss ◽

Hemivertebra Resection ◽

Questionnaire Score

Abstract Background There was a controversy about surgery approach of severe rigid congenital kyphoscoliosis in adolescence treatment. Aim of the study is to compare the clinical efficacy of surgical treatement by hemivertebra resection (HR) and hemivertebra resection combined with wedge osteotomy (HRWO) for severe rigid congenital kyphoscoliosis in adolescence. Methods Twenty-five patients with severe rigid congenital kyphoscoliosis between Jan 2006 and Dec 2011 were studied in our center. The patients were divided into hemivertebra resection group (group HR) or hemivertebra resection combined with wedge osteotomy group (group HRWO). The clinical and radiographic evaluation in terms of operation time, blood loss, correction rate, fusion time, hospital stay, complications and SRS-24 questionnaire score were compared between Group A and Group B. Results It is obvious that group HR achieved much better results in time of operation time, intra-operative blood loss, and hospital stay than group HRWO (P < 0.05). But meanwhile, group HRWO was significantly better than group HR in the times of coronal Cobb angle, kyphosis, the sagittal imbalance, coronal imbalance and SRS-24 questionnaire score (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the age, mean flexibility, follow-up time, fusion time, and complications in the last follow-up (P > 0.05). Conclusion The outcomes of follow-up showed that the hemivertebra resection combined with wedge osteotomy approach obtained better clinical outcomes hemivertebra resection surgery. It might be a better surgical treatment for severe rigid congenital kyphoscoliosis in adolescence patients, but it needs longer operation time, more intra-operative blood loss, and extended hospital stay.

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Clinical Evaluation, Functional Outcome and Complications of MicroEndoscopic Discectomy(MED) in Single or Double Level Lumbar Disc Herniation- A Retrospective Review of 156 Patients

10.13107/bbj.2021.v02i01.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcome ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Lumbar Disc Herniation ◽

Disc Herniation ◽

Lumbar Disc ◽

Operation Time ◽

Activity Level ◽

Estimated Blood Loss ◽

Microendoscopic Discectomy

Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the most common causes for low back pain and related disabilities. Surgery is indicated in patients who do not respond to the conservative measures for at least 6 weeks or symptoms are worsened. Microendoscopic discectomy (MED) is a well-accepted minimally invasive surgical technique with similar results compared to open surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome, functional improvement and analyze complications during MED. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 156 patients who were operated for single or double level LDH using MED between 2016 and 2018. All patients were evaluated for pain and disability using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI), respectively. Modified MabNab’s criteria used to evaluate overall outcome of surgery. Operation time, estimated blood loss (EBL), hospital stay and time to return back to previous activities were evaluated. Complications and revisions were noted during follow-up to analyze clinical results. Paired t-test was used to evaluate statistical difference in VAS and ODI score during follow-up. Results: All patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and yearly thereafter postoperatively. Average follow-up was 25.5±9.7 months and average age was 45.0±12.7 years. Average VAS scores improved significantly from preoperative 8.7±0.8 to 2.0±1.1 postoperatively (p<0.0001). Average preoperative ODI improved significantly from 53.8±6.1 to 22.6±5.1 postoperatively (p<0.0001). Both score were maintained at the final follow-up. The average time to return to previous activity level was 35.7±14.3 days. Average operation time, EBL and hospital stay were 57.6±14.6 minutes, 36.7±13.1 mL and 2.4±0.7 days, respectively. There were total 19 (12.2%) complications and 12 (7.7%) revisions in the series. Overall clinical outcome was excellent, good, fair and poor in 73.1%, 20.5%, 5.1% and 1.3% of cases using modi

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Desarda repair no Mesh and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia (A study of 2793 patients)

Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports ◽

10.31579/2690-8794/096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 01-05

Author(s):

Pedro Rolando Lòpez Rodrìguez ◽

Eduardo Garcia Castillo ◽

Olga Caridad Leòn Gonzàlez ◽

Jorge Agustin Satorre Rocha ◽

Luis Marrero Quiala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Operation Time ◽

Lichtenstein Repair ◽

Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Duration Of Surgery ◽

The Mean ◽

Location Type

Introduction: The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of Desarda repair no mesh and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia. Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial study of 2793 patients having 2936 hernias operated from January 2002 to December 2020.1434 patients were operated using Lichtenstein repair and 1359 using Desarda repair. The variables like age, sex, location, type of hernia, tolerance to local anesthesia, duration of surgery, pain on the first, third and fifth day, hospital stay, complications, re-explorations, morbidity and time to return to normal activities were analyzed. Follow up period was from 1-10 years (median 6.5 years). Results: There were no significant differences regarding age, sex, location, type of hernia, and pain in both the groups. The operation time was 53 minutes in Desarda group and 43 minutes in the Lichtenstein group that is significant (p<0.05).The recurrence was 0.4 % in Desarda group and 0.4 % in Lichtenstein group. But, there were 14 cases of infection to the polypropylene mesh in the Lichtenstein group, 7 of this required re-exploration. The morbidity was also significantly more in Lichtenstein group (5,1 %) as compared to Desarda group (3.1 %). The mean time to return to work in the Desarda group was 8.26 days while a mean of 12.58 days was in the Lichtenstein group. The mean hospital stay was 29 hrs. In Desarda group while it was 49 hours in the Lichtenstein group in those patients who were hospitalized. Conclusions: Desarda repair scores significantly over the Lichtenstein repair in all respects including re-explorations and morbidity. Desarda repair is a better choice as compared with Lichtenstein repair.

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Desarda Repair No Mesh and Lichtenstein Repair for Inguinal Hernia a Study of 2793 Patients

Archives of Infectious Diseases & Therapy ◽

10.33140/aidt.05.02.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Operation Time ◽

Lichtenstein Repair ◽

Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Duration Of Surgery ◽

The Mean ◽

Location Type

Introduction: The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of Desarda repair no mesh and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia. Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial study of 2793 patients having 2936 hernias operated from January 2002 to December 2020.1434 patients were operated using Lichtenstein repair and 1359 using Desarda repair. The variables like age, sex, location, type of hernia, tolerance to local anesthesia, duration of surgery, pain on the first, third and fifth day, hospital stay, complications, re-explorations, morbidity and time to return to normal activities were analyzed. Follow up period was from 1-10 years (median 6.5 years). Results: There were no significant differences regarding age, sex, location, type of hernia, and pain in both the groups. The operation time was 53 minutes in Desarda group and 43 minutes in the Lichtenstein group that is significant (p<0.05). The recurrence was 0.4 % in Desarda group and 0.4 % in Lichtenstein group. But, there were 14 cases of infection to the polypropylene mesh in the Lichtenstein group, 7 of this required re-exploration. The morbidity was also significantly more in Lichtenstein group (5,1 %) as compared to Desarda group (3.1 %). The mean time to return to work in the Desarda group was 8.26 days while a mean of 12.58 days was in the Lichtenstein group. The mean hospital stay was 29 hrs. In Desarda group while it was 49 hours in the Lichtenstein group in those patients who were hospitalized. Conclusions: Desarda repair scores significantly over the Lichtenstein repair in all respects including re-explorations and morbidity. Desarda repair is a better choice as compared with Lichtenstein repair

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Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes following Combined Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Lateral Instrumentation for the Treatment of Degenerative Spine Deformity: A Preliminary Retrospective Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/5672162 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Kai Wang ◽

Can Zhang ◽

Cheng Cheng ◽

Fengzeng Jian ◽

Hao Wu

Keyword(s):

Back Pain ◽

Cobb Angle ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Interbody Fusion ◽

Operation Time ◽

Spine Deformity ◽

Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽

Degenerative Spine ◽

Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Objective. The authors recently used a combination of minimally invasive oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and lateral fixation for the treatment of degenerative spine deformity. The early results were promising. Radiographic and clinical results as well as complications were retrospectively assessed in the current study. Methods. Eleven patients with degenerative spine deformity underwent combined OLIF and lateral instrumentation without real-time electromyography (EMG) monitoring. Radiographic measurements including coronal Cobb angle, central sacral vertebral line (CSVL), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertebral axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), and LL-PI (pelvic incidence) mismatch were taken preoperatively and at last follow-up postoperatively in all patients. Concurrently, the visual analog score (VAS) for back pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score were used to assess clinical outcomes. The fusion rate of OLIF cage, total blood loss, operation time, hospital stay, and complications were also evaluated. Results. At last follow-up, all patients who underwent combined OLIF and lateral instrumentation achieved statistically significant improvement in coronal Cobb angle (from 15.3±4.7° to 5.9±3.1°, p < 0.01), LL (from 34.3±9.0° to 48.2±8.5°, p < 0.01), PT (from 24.2±9.6° to 16.2±6.0°, p < 0.01), LL-PI mismatch (from 15.4±8.7° to 7.0±3.7°, p < 0.01), CSVL (from 2.1±2.2cm to 0.7±0.9cm, p = 0.01), and SVA (from 7.0±3.9cm to 2.9±1.8cm, p < 0.01). VAS for back pain (from 6.9±1.4 to 2.0±0.9, p < 0.05) and ODI (from 39.5±3.1 to 21.9±3.6, p < 0.01) improved significantly after surgery. Conclusions. A combination of OLIF and lateral instrumentation is an effective and safety means of achieving correction of both coronal and sagittal deformity, resulting in improvement of quality of life in patients with degenerative spine deformity. It is a promising way to treat patients with moderate degenerative spine deformity.

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Comparison of the Clinical Effect of Simple Nucleotomy for the Treatment of Single-segment Lumbar Disc Herniation Using a Microscope and Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscope

10.21203/rs.3.rs-50586/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kong dece ◽

Tianning Chen ◽

Xinhui Zheng ◽

Shuyi Liu ◽

Tieyi Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Revision Surgery ◽

Endoscopic Treatment ◽

Clinical Effect ◽

Lumbar Disc ◽

Operation Time ◽

Intraoperative Bleeding ◽

X Ray ◽

Single Segment

Abstract Objective: To compare the clinical effect of single-segment lumbar intervertebral herniation with simple nucleotomy using a microscope and percutaneous transforaminal endoscope. Methods: From May 2016 to October 2018, a total of 120 patients who underwent simple nucleotomy in our hospital for single-segment lumbar disc herniation were selected. According to the surgical methods, they were randomly divided into 2 groups: the microscopical treatment group included 60 cases, aged 28-65 years, with an average of 48.73 ± 12.35 years; the percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic treatment group included 60 cases, aged 29-67 years, with an average of 49.36 ± 11.76 years. The differences in the JOA score, ODI index, VAS score, serum CPK content, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, incision length, intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy, hospital stay, and 1-year recurrence (secondary revision surgery) between the two groups were analysed. Results: On the second day after surgery, the serum CPK contents were higher than before surgery in both groups (P<0.01), and the CPK content was higher in the microscopical treatment group than in the percutaneous endoscopic treatment group (P<0.01). The JOA score at 1 year after surgery was significantly higher than before surgery, and the ODI index and VAS score at 1 year after surgery were significantly lower than before surgery in each group (P<0.01). Compared with the percutaneous endoscopic treatment group, the intraoperative bleeding and the lengths of incision and hospital stay were significantly increased (P<0.01) and the operation time (P<0.05) and number of X-ray fluoroscopies during the operation (P<0.01) were significantly reduced in the microscopic treatment group. At 1 year after surgery, compared with the microscopic treatment group, 2 cases of complications were found in the percutaneous endoscopic surgery group. One case was a postoperative recurrence, and the other one case was endoscopic operative failure, which received a second revision surgery using a microscope. Conclusion: Simple nucleotomy for the treatment of single-segment lumbar intervertebral herniation has good clinical effects using a microscope and percutaneous transforaminal endoscope. The percutaneous transforaminal endoscope has the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, and shorter hospital stay, while the microscope has the advantages of shorter operation time and less intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy.

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Treatment of Unstable Occipital Condylar Fractures in Children—A STROBE-Compliant Investigation

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57060530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 530

Author(s):

Ryszard Tomaszewski ◽

Artur Gap ◽

Magdalena Lucyga ◽

Erich Rutz ◽

Johannes M. Mayr

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Short Form ◽

Neck Disability Index ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Type I ◽

Halo Vest ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Ct And Mri

Background and objectives: Occipital condyle fractures (OCF) occur rarely in children. The choice of treatment is based on the Anderson–Montesano and Tuli classification systems. We evaluated the outcome of unstable OCF in children and adolescents after halo-vest therapy. Materials and Methods: We treated 6 pediatric patients for OCF, including 3 patients (2 girls, 1 boy) with unstable OCF. Among the 3 patients with unstable OCF, 2 patients presented with an Anderson–Montesano type III and Tuli type IIB injury, while 1 patient had an Anderson–Montesano type I fracture (Tuli type IIB) accompanied by a C1 fracture. On admission, the children underwent computed tomography (CT) of the head and cervical spine as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. We treated the children diagnosed with unstable OCF with halo-vest immobilization. Before removing the halo vest at the end of therapy, we applied the CT and MRI to confirm OCF consolidation. At follow-up, we rated functionality of the craniocervical junction (CCJ) based on the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Questionnaire Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results: All children achieved OCF consolidation after halo-vest therapy for a median of 13.0 weeks (range: 12.5–14.0 weeks). CT and MRI at the end of halo-vest therapy showed no signs of C0/C1 subluxation and confirmed the correct consolidation of OCF. The only complication associated with halo-vest therapy was a superficial infection caused by a halo-vest pin. At follow-up, all children exhibited favorable functionality of the CCJ as documented by the NDI score (median: 3 points; range: 3–11 points) and SF-36 score (median: 91 points; range: 64–96 points). Conclusions: In our small case series, halo-vest therapy resulted in good mid-term outcome in terms of OCF consolidation and CCJ functionality. In pediatric patients with suspected cervical spine injuries, we recommend CT and MRI of the CCJ to establish the diagnosis of OCF and confirm stable fracture consolidation before removing the halo vest.

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Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery—A Comprehensive Analysis of Treatment-Specific Variables and Trends in Latvia

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56040201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Julian M. Rüwald ◽

Janis Upenieks ◽

Janis Ositis ◽

Alexander Pycha ◽

Yuval Avidan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Cobb Angle ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Operation Time ◽

Scoliosis Surgery ◽

Time Period ◽

Scoliosis Correction ◽

Operative Complications ◽

Insight Into

Background and Objectives: There are currently no data available regarding pediatric scoliosis surgery in Latvia. The aim of this article is to present treatment specific variables, investigate their interrelation, and identify predictors for the length of stay after surgical pediatric scoliosis correction. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included all surgical pediatric scoliosis corrections in Latvia for the years 2012 to 2016. Analyzed parameters were chosen to portray the patients’ demographics, pathology, as well as treatment specific variables. Descriptive, inferential, and linear regression statistics were calculated. Results: A total of 69 cases, 74% female and 26% male, were identified. The diagnostic subgroups consisted of 62% idiopathic (IDI) and 38% non-idiopathic (non-IDI) scoliosis cases. Non-IDI cases had significantly increased operation time, hospital stay, Cobb angle before surgery, and instrumented levels, while IDI cases showed significantly higher Cobb angle percentage correction. For all operated cases, the operation time and the hospital stay decreased significantly over the investigated time period. Early post-operative complications (PCs) occurred in 15.9% of the cases and were associated with increased hospital stay, instrumented levels, and Cobb angle before surgery. The linear regression analysis revealed that operation time and the presence of PCs were significant predictors for the length of the hospital stay. Conclusions: This is the first study to provide comprehensive insight into pediatric scoliosis surgery since its establishment in Latvia. Our regression model offers clinically applicable predictors and further underlines the significance of the operation length on the hospital stay. These results build the foundation for international comparison and facilitate improvement in the field.

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