scholarly journals Tofu processing wastewater as a low-cost substrate for high activity nattokinase production using Bacillus subtilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Chenyi Zhan ◽  
Gege Guo ◽  
Zhaoxing Liu ◽  
Ning Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Culture Parameters ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Industrial Level

Abstract Background Even though tofu is a traditional Chinese food loved by Asian people the wastewater generated during the production of tofu can pollute the environment, and the treatment of this generated wastewater can increase the operating cost of the plant. In this study, the production of nattokinase could be achieved by using the nitrogen source in tofu processing wastewater (TPW) instead of using the traditional nattokinase medium. This meets the need for the low-cost fermentation of nattokinase and at the same time addresses the environmental pollution concerns caused by the wastewater. Bacillus subtilis 13,932 is, a high yielding strain of nattokinase, which is stored in our laboratory. To increase the activity of nattokinase in the tofu process wastewater fermentation medium, the medium components and culture parameters were optimized. Nattokinase with high enzymatic activity was obtained in 7 L and 100 L bioreactors when TPW was used as the sole nitrogen source catalyzed by Bacillus subtilis. Such a result demonstrates that the production of nattokinase from TPW fermentation using B. subtilis can be implemented at an industrial level. Results The peptide component in TPW is a crucial factor in the production of nattokinase. Box–Behnken design (BBD) experiments were designed to optimize various critical components, i.e., Glucose, TPW, MgSO4·7H2O, CaCl2, in nattokinase fermentation media. A maximum nattokinase activity was recorded at 37 °C, pH 7.0, 70 mL liquid medium, and 200 rpm. The highest nattokinase activities obtained from 7 to 100 L bioreactors were 8628.35 ± 113.87 IU/mL and 10,661.97 ± 72.47 IU/mL, respectively. Conclusions By replacing the nitrogen source in the original medium with TPW, there was an increase in the enzyme activity by 19.25% after optimizing the medium and culture parameters. According to the scale-up experiment from conical flasks to 100 L bioreactors, there was an increase in the activity of nattokinase by 47.89%.

scholarly journals Utilization of low-cost substrates for the production of nystose by Bacillus subtilis natto cct 7712

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieyssi Alves dos Santos ◽  
Cristiani Baldo ◽  
Dionísio Borsato ◽  
Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone Celligoi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sugarcane Juice ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Natto ◽  
Industrial Level

Current analysis describes the capacity of Bacillus subtilis natto CCT 7712 to produce high amounts of nystose by low-cost substrates available in Brazil, such as commercial sucrose, sugarcane molasses and sugarcane juice. Optimization resulted in a maximum production of 179.77 g L-1 of nystose, averaging 7.49 g L-1 hour-1 of productivity and a 71.73% yield in a medium with 400 g L-1of commercial sucrose and 0.8 g L-1 of MnSO4. Fermentations with sugarcane molasses and sugarcane juice also resulted in a satisfactory production reaching 97.93 and 42.58 g L-1 nystose, respectively. High nystose production in a medium with sugarcane derivatives suggests submerged fermentation with Bacillus subtillis natto CT 7712 as a promising strategy to produce nystose at industrial level. 

scholarly journals Processability of metal-filament through polymer FDM machine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Quarto ◽  
Mattia Carminati ◽  
Gianluca D’Urso ◽  
Claudio Giardini ◽  
Giancarlo Maccarini
Keyword(s):  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Target Point ◽  
316L Steel ◽  
Metal Filament ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Printing Parameters

FDM is one of the simplest and cheapest available additive technologies, mostly limited to polymeric materials. Metal-FDM process may overcome this limit using a metal filament bounded with polymer, which is removed through debinding and sintering treatments. Producing metal components using an economic machine would make it possible to produce non-critical components with complex geometry at an industrial level and at low-cost. This work aims to investigate whether a low-cost commercial 3D printer may be able to print a metal filament and what are the achievable density and the shrinkage on the final part. An experimental campaign (24 factorial plan) was performed, considering as variable factors the nozzle temperature, the infill pattern, the print speed and the layer thickness. Statistical tools as the boxplot for determining outliers and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the results, identifying which process parameters ad their interactions affect the selected indicators (density and shrinkage). The results show that the conversion of a low-cost FDM machine from polymer to metal filament is possible, generating repeatable and stable results. The process is faster and less expensive than the existing powder-bed-fusion based metal AM technology. The best combination of printing parameters was identified considering as target point the density of the “traditional” AISI 316L steel. Different behaviors in terms of shrinkage were identified: trends are stable and very similar for X and Y directions, independently from the printing parameters, while the interaction between temperature and other parameters causes higher variability along the Z-axis.

Constructive Optimisation of the Propeller Type Mixing Devices Using the Virtual and Rapid Prototyping

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Besnea ◽  
Alina Spanu ◽  
Iuliana Marlena Prodea ◽  
Gheorghita Tomescu ◽  
Iolanda Constanta Panait
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Multidisciplinary Optimization ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Parametric Cad ◽  
Shaft Torque

The paper points out the advantages of rapid prototyping for improving the performances/constructive optimization of mixing devices used in process industries, here exemplified to propeller types ones. The multidisciplinary optimization of the propeller profile affords its design using parametric CAD methods. Starting from the mathematical curve equations proposed for the blade profile, it was determined its three-dimensional virtual model. The challenge has been focused on the variation of propeller pitch and external diameter. Three dimensional ranges were manufactured using the additive manufacturing process with Marker Boot 3D printer. The mixing performances were tested on the mixing equipment measuring the minimum rotational speed and the correspondent shaft torque for complete suspension achieved for each of the three models. The virtual and rapid prototyping method is newly proposed by the authors to obtain the basic data for scale up of the mixing systems, in the case of flexible production (of low quantities), in which both the nature and concentration of the constituents in the final product varies often. It is an efficient and low cost method for the rapid identification of the optimal mixing device configuration, which contributes to the costs reduction and to the growing of the output.

Application of low-cost algal nitrogen source feeding in fuel ethanol production using high gravity sweet potato medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shen ◽  
Jin-Song Guo ◽  
You-Peng Chen ◽  
Hai-Dong Zhang ◽  
Xu-Xu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
High Gravity

PRODUCTION OF CYTASES ACTIVE ON BARLEY GUM BY BACTERIA OF THE GENUS BACILLUS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Original Activity ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Bacillus Genus

One hundred and fourteen bacterial cultures representing most of the species in the Bacillus genus were tested for the production of extracellular barley gum cytase. Assays were made on shake-flask cultures grown on a medium containing glucose and yeast extract. Although all the organisms had some enzymatic activity, certain strains of Bacillus subtilis gave the best yields of cytase. On a medium with asparagine as the sole nitrogen source even higher yields were obtained. The crude cytase preparations were stable and after freeze-drying most of the original activity remained.

scholarly journals Recent Findings in Azaphilone Pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Lúcia P. S. Pimenta ◽  
Dhionne C. Gomes ◽  
Patrícia G. Cardoso ◽  
Jacqueline A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Compounds

Filamentous fungi are known to biosynthesize an extraordinary range of azaphilones pigments with structural diversity and advantages over vegetal-derived colored natural products such agile and simple cultivation in the lab, acceptance of low-cost substrates, speed yield improvement, and ease of downstream processing. Modern genetic engineering allows industrial production, providing pigments with higher thermostability, water-solubility, and promising bioactivities combined with ecological functions. This review, covering the literature from 2020 onwards, focuses on the state-of-the-art of azaphilone dyes, the global market scenario, new compounds isolated in the period with respective biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the innovations of azaphilone cultivation and extraction techniques, as well as in yield improvement and scale-up. Potential applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and textile industries were also explored.

MENGGUNAKAN STRATEGY BIAYA RENDAH: SEBUAH KAJIAN LITERATURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Husnaina Husnaina
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Low Cost Carrier

Industri penerbangan saat ini menuntut perusahaan agar dapat bersaing secara global. Dan tuntutan akan persaingan di dalam industri penerbangan membuat beberapa perusahaan menerapkan strategi “Low Cost”. Istilah Penerbangan “low cost” atau sering disebut LCC (low cost carrier). LCC sering juga disebut sebagai Budget Airlines atau no frills flight atau juga Discounter Carrier. LCC merupakan model penerbangan yang unik dengan strategi penurunan operating cost. Kata kunci: Strategi biaya rendah, LCC, Industri Penerbangan

Eccentric String Reamer for ECD Reduction in the Depleted Field of Gulf of Thailand GoT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichnita Tortrakul ◽  
Chatwit Pochan ◽  
Nardthida Kananithikorn ◽  
Thanapong Siripan ◽  
Basil Ching ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Drilling Depth ◽  
Annular Clearance

Abstract This paper presents a method of reducing equivalent circulating density (ECD) while drilling using eccentric string reamers (ESR) with adjustable gage stabilizer (AGS) in Gulf of Thailand (GoT). Reduced ECD in slimhole is desirable when drilling depleted reservoirs as reduced borehole pressure can reduce or delay drilling fluid loss events. Delaying losses can allow well depth to be increased with the prospect of penetrating otherwise unrealized pay horizons and increasing reserves capture. Several methods of reducing ECD were considered but most solutions included changing drill string and/or casing design specifications with prohibitive cost. A low-cost, low operational-impact solution was needed. Hole-opening is a method of increasing annular clearance, but well delivery requirements of ~4.5 days per well necessitates a one-trip solution without introducing significant ROP reduction or negatively impact bottomhole assembly (BHA) walking tendencies. Further, the preferred solution must be compatible with a high temperature reservoir drilling environment and must not undermine drilling system operational reliability. A simple but controversial tool for hole opening is ESR. ESR’s are simple in that there are no moving parts or cutter blocks to shift, and operating cost is low. They are controversial due to uncertainty that the tool eccentricity and drilling dynamics will successfully open hole to the desired diameter. Given that the intent of this hole-opening application is limited to creating annular clearance for fluid, not mechanical clearance, the eccentric reamer solution was chosen for field trial and potential development. A tool design challenge was to create a reamer geometry with the desired enlargement ratio (6⅛-in. to 6⅞-in.) while drilling, and reliably drift surface equipment and casing without complications. The ESR design must efficiently drill-out cement and float equipment as well as heterogeneous shale/sand/mudstone interbedded formation layers without significant vibration. If successful, the enlarged hole diameter will increase annular clearance, reduce ECD, improve hole cleaning, and allow drilling depth to be increased to capture additional reserves The plug and play functionality of the ESR required no changes to the existing rig site procedures in handling and making up the tool. The ESR drifts the casing and drills cement and shoe track with normal parameters. The ESR is run with standard measurements-while-drilling (MWD)/logging-while-drilling (LWD) AGS BHA and is able to reduce ECD providing the opportunity to drill deeper and increase barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) per each wellbore. Performance analysis has shown no negative effect on drilling performance and BHA walking tendency. The novelty of this ESR application is its proven ability to assist in increasing reserves capture in highly depleted reservoirs. The ESR is performing very efficiently (high ROP) and reliability is outstanding. In this application, the ESR is a very cost-effective and viable solution for slimhole design.

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