scholarly journals Recent Findings in Azaphilone Pigments

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Lúcia P. S. Pimenta ◽  
Dhionne C. Gomes ◽  
Patrícia G. Cardoso ◽  
Jacqueline A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Compounds

Filamentous fungi are known to biosynthesize an extraordinary range of azaphilones pigments with structural diversity and advantages over vegetal-derived colored natural products such agile and simple cultivation in the lab, acceptance of low-cost substrates, speed yield improvement, and ease of downstream processing. Modern genetic engineering allows industrial production, providing pigments with higher thermostability, water-solubility, and promising bioactivities combined with ecological functions. This review, covering the literature from 2020 onwards, focuses on the state-of-the-art of azaphilone dyes, the global market scenario, new compounds isolated in the period with respective biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the innovations of azaphilone cultivation and extraction techniques, as well as in yield improvement and scale-up. Potential applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and textile industries were also explored.

scholarly journals Structural Revisions in Natural Ellagitannins

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Yamada ◽  
Shinnosuke Wakamori ◽  
Tsukasa Hirokane ◽  
Kazutada Ikeuchi ◽  
Shintaro Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Structural Determination ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Chebulagic Acid ◽  
Potential Applications

Ellagitannins are literally a class of tannins. Triggered by the oxidation of the phenolic parts on β-pentagalloyl-d-glucose, ellagitannins are generated through various structural conversions, such as the coupling of the phenolic parts, oxidation to highly complex structures, and the formation of dimer and lager analogs, which expand the structural diversity. To date, more than 1000 natural ellagitannins have been identified. Since these phenolic compounds exhibit a variety of biological activities, ellagitannins have potential applications in medicine and health enhancement. Within the context of identifying suitable applications, considerations need to be based on correct structural features. This review describes the structural revisions of 32 natural ellagitannins, namely alnusiin; alnusnin A and B; castalagin; castalin; casuarinin; cercidinin A and B; chebulagic acid; chebulinic acid; corilagin; geraniin; isoterchebin; nobotanin B, C, E, G, H, I, J, and K; punicalagin; punicalin; punigluconin; roxbin B; sanguiin H-2, H-3, and H-6; stachyurin; terchebin; vescalagin; and vescalin. The major focus is on the outline of the initial structural determination, on the processes to find the errors in the structure, and on the methods for the revision of the structure.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Daidzein Glycosides, α-Tocopherol Glycosides, Hesperetin Glycosides by Bioconversion and Their Potential for Anti-Allergic Functional-Foods and Cosmetics

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2975
Author(s):  
Yuya Fujitaka ◽  
Hiroki Hamada ◽  
Daisuke Uesugi ◽  
Atsuhito Kuboki ◽  
Kei Shimoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Peritoneal Mast Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Poor Absorption ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Daidzein is a common isoflavone, having multiple biological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, and anti-aging. α-Tocopherol is the tocopherol isoform with the highest vitamin E activity including anti-allergic activity and anti-cancer activity. Hesperetin is a flavone, which shows potent anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds have shortcomings, i.e., water-insolubility and poor absorption after oral administration. The glycosylation of bioactive compounds can enhance their water-solubility, physicochemical stability, intestinal absorption, and biological half-life, and improve their bio- and pharmacological properties. They were transformed by cultured Nicotiana tabacum cells to 7-β-glucoside and 7-β-gentiobioside of daidzein, and 3′- and 7-β-glucosides, 3′,7-β-diglucoside, and 7-β-gentiobioside of hesperetin. Daidzein and α-tocopherol were glycosylated by galactosylation with β-glucosidase to give 4′- and 7-β-galactosides of daidzein, which were new compounds, and α-tocopherol 6-β-galactoside. These nine glycosides showed higher anti-allergic activity, i.e., inhibitory activity toward histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells, than their respective aglycones. In addition, these glycosides showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity than the corresponding aglycones. Glycosylation of daidzein, α-tocopherol, and hesperetin greatly improved their biological activities.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Larvicidal Activities of Phlorotannins from Brown Seaweeds

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Bertoka Fajar Surya Perwira Negara ◽  
Jae Hak Sohn ◽  
Jin-Soo Kim ◽  
Jae-Suk Choi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Larvicidal Activities

Phlorotannins are secondary metabolites produced by brown seaweeds with antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and larvicidal activities. Phlorotannins’ structures are formed by dibenzodioxin, ether and phenyl, ether, or phenyl linkages. The polymerization of phlorotannins is used to classify and characterize. The structural diversity of phlorotannins grows as polymerization increases. They have been characterized extensively with respect to chemical properties and functionality. However, review papers of the biological activities of phlorotannins have focused on their antibacterial and antiviral effects, and reviews of their broad antifungal and larvicidal effects are lacking. Accordingly, evidence for the effectiveness of phlorotannins as antifungal and larvicidal agents is discussed in this review. Online databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) were used to identify relevant articles. In total, 11 articles were retrieved after duplicates were removed and exclusion criteria were applied. Phlorotannins from brown seaweeds show antifungal activity against dermal and plant fungi, and larvicidal activity against mosquitos and marine invertebrate larvae. However, further studies of the biological activity of phlorotannins against fungal and parasitic infections in aquaculture fish, livestock, and companion animals are needed for systematic analyses of their effectiveness. The research described in this review emphasizes the potential applications of phlorotannins as pharmaceutical, functional food, pesticide, and antifouling agents.

Vitex Diterpenoids: Structural Diversity and Pharmacological Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Ban ◽  
Tianshuang Xia ◽  
Rui Jing ◽  
Yaoli Guo ◽  
Yiya Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

Plants of the genus Vitex (Verbenaceae) are mainly distributed throughout tropical and temperate regions, and many Vitex plants have been traditionally used in folk medicine. Plants of this genus are a rich source of diterpenoids, which not only displayed versatile structural diversity with potential chemotaxonomical significance but also exhibited a wide range of biological activities, mainly including in vitro cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, hormone level-regulating and antiangiogenic activities. Recently, a series of bioactive diterpenoids, with interesting carbon skeletons, have been reported and gathered considerable interest. This article systematically reviewed diterpenoids isolated from the genus Vitex that appeared in the literature up to December 2018, critically highlighting their structural diversity and pharmacological activities. Up to now, a total of 154 diterpenoids with diverse structures have been isolated and identified from Vitex plants. The authors also summarized the reported structure-activity relationships of those well explored Vitex diterpenoids. Finally, the authors discussed the challenges and potential applications of these diterpenoids in the future.

scholarly journals Buparvaquone Nanostructured Lipid Carrier: Development of an Affordable Delivery System for the Treatment of Leishmaniases

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lis Marie Monteiro ◽  
Raimar Löbenberg ◽  
Paulo Cesar Cotrim ◽  
Gabriel Lima Barros de Araujo ◽  
Nádia Bou-Chacra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
The Relationship

Buparvaquone (BPQ), a veterinary drug, was formulated as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for leishmaniases treatment. The formulation design addressed poor water solubility of BPQ and lack of human drug delivery system. The DSC/TG and microscopy methods were used for solid lipids screening. Softisan® 154 showed highest BPQ solubility in both methods. The BPQ solubility in liquid lipids using HPLC revealed Miglyol® 812 as the best option. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to identify the optimal Softisan154 : Miglyol 812 ratios (7 : 10 to 2 : 1) and Kolliphor® P188 and Tween® 80 concentration (>3.0% w/w) aiming forz-average in the range of 100–300 nm for macrophage delivery. The NLC obtained by high-pressure homogenization showed lowz-averages (<350 nm), polydispersity (<0.3), and encapsulation efficiency close to 100%. DSC/TG and microscopy in combination proved to be a powerful tool to select the solid lipid. The relationship among the variables, demonstrated by a linear mathematical model using RSM, allowed generating a design space. This design space showed the limits in which changes in the variables influenced thez-average. Therefore, these drug delivery systems have the potential to improve the availability of affordable medicines due to the low cost of raw materials, using well established, reliable, and feasible scale-up technology.

scholarly journals Generation of Unusual Aromatic Polyketides by Incorporation of Phenylamine Analogues into a C-Ring-Cleaved Angucyclinone

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1959
Author(s):  
Hua Xiao ◽  
Guiyang Wang ◽  
Zhengdong Wang ◽  
Yi Kuang ◽  
Juan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Aromatic Polyketides ◽  
Marine Streptomyces ◽  
New Compounds

Angucyclinones are aromatic polyketides that possess impressive structural diversity and significant biological activities. The structural diversity of these natural products is attributed to various enzymatic or nonenzymatic modifications on their tetracyclic benz(a)anthracene skeleton. Previously, we discovered an unusual phenylamine-incorporated angucyclinone (1) from a marine Streptomyces sp. PKU-MA00218, and identified that it was produced from the nonenzymatic conversion of a C-ring-cleaved angucyclinone (2) with phenylamine. In this study, we tested the nonenzymatic conversion of 2 with more phenylamine analogues, to expand the utility of this feasible conversion in unusual angucyclinones generation. The (3-ethynyl)phenylamine and disubstituted analogues including (3,4-dimethyl)phenylamine, (3,4-methylenedioxy)phenylamine, and (4-bromo-3-methyl)phenylamine were used in the conversion of 2, which was isolated from the fermentation of Streptomyces sp. PKU-MA00218. All four phenylamine analogues were incorporated into 2 efficiently under mild conditions, generating new compounds 3–6. The activation of 3–6 on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription were tested, which showed that 4 possessing a dimethyl-substitution gave most potent activity. These results evidenced that disubstitutions on phenylamine can be roughly tolerated in the nonenzymatic reactions with 2, suggesting extended applications of more disubstituted phenylamines incorporation to generate new bioactive angucyclinones in the future.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Propranolol and Novel Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vy Anh Tran ◽  
Nguyen Hai Tai Tran ◽  
Long Giang Bach ◽  
Trinh Duy Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pyridinium Chlorochromate ◽  
Butyl Bromide ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
High Yields ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Propranolol is one of the first medications of the beta-blocker used for antihypertensive drugs. This study reports the facile route for the synthesis of propranolol and its novel derivatives. Herein, propranolol synthesis proceeded from 1-naphthol and isopropylamine under mild and less toxic conditions. Novel propranolol derivatives were designed by reactions of propranolol with benzoyl chloride, pyridinium chlorochromate, and n-butyl bromide through esterification, oxidation reduction, and alkylation, respectively. The isolation and purity of compounds were conducted using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were applied to identify new compounds structure. Propranolol derivatives from 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride (compound 3), 2-fluorobenzoyl chloride (compound 5), and especially acetic anhydride (compound 6) manifested high yields and significantly increased water solubility. Six semisynthetic propranolol derivatives promise to improve antioxidative and biological activities.

Trends and Challenges in Enzymatic Bioengineering of Natural Products to Industrially Valuable Products

2018 ◽  
pp. 351-374
Author(s):  
Sujata Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Simultaneous Production ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Level Process

Bioengineering of natural products to useful products are trending rapidly. These products are cost effective and eco-friendly and fitting into consumer demands of natural and organic. Wastes from industries, agriculture, fishery, dairy, etc. are being investigated for transformation to useful biomolecules for other industries like cosmetics, food supplements/preservation, dairy, etc. Biocatalytic transformation looks promising in the present scenario, but needs intensive research looking for novel enzymes/process and their optimization. Immobilization and scale up is also required for taking this process up to industrial level. Process improvement and downstream processing research for product purification is going on. Some of the areas which look promising are metagenomic screening of novel biocatalysts, gene cloning for overexpression and purification, etc. Bioreactor designing for scale up and simultaneous production and purification of desirable products are also being emphasised. Exploring biological activities after enzymatic reaction is one of the main areas of research nowadays.

Marine Sponge-Associated Fungi as Potential Novel Bioactive Natural Product Sources for Drug Discovery: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 1966-2010
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Jianzhou Xu ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Panpan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Natural Product ◽  
Structural Classes

Marine sponge-associated fungi are promising sources of structurally interesting and bioactive secondary metabolites. Great plenty of natural products have been discovered from spongeassociated fungi in recent years. Here reviewed are 571 new compounds isolated from marine fungi associated with sponges in 2010-2018. These molecules comprised eight different structural classes, including alkaloids, polyketides, terpenoids, meroterpenoids, etc. Moreover, most of these compounds demonstrated profoundly biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, cytotoxic, etc. This review systematically summarized the structural diversity, biological function, and future potential of these novel bioactive natural products for drug discovery.

Low-cost synthesis of carbon nanodots from millets for bioimaging

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Ngo Khoa Quang ◽  
Che Thi Cam Ha
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Multicolor Fluorescence

ABSTRACTWe presented a green and simple method to synthesize carbon nanodots (C-dots) from millets using hydrothermal synthesis route for the first time. The obtained C-dots have average diameter ranging from 6 to 10 nm. Optical measurements showed the insight into the formation of functional groups on the particle surfaces, resulting in their good water solubility and bioconjugation. After treatment with C-dots, small subpopulation of the human cervical tumor cells became bright and exhibited multicolor fluorescence under different excitation wavelength. The achievement demonstrated potential applications of fluorescent C-dots in the field of biomedical application.

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