scholarly journals Evaluating mechanisms of change in an oral hygiene improvement trial with older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Schensul ◽  
Susan Reisine ◽  
Apoorva Salvi ◽  
Toan Ha ◽  
James Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background This paper compares the relationship between theoretically-driven mechanisms of change and clinical outcomes across two different interventions to improve oral hygiene of older adults participating in a group randomized trial. Methods Six low-income senior residences were paired and randomized into two groups. The first received a face to face counseling intervention (AMI) and the second, a peer-facilitated health campaign (three oral health fairs). Both were based on Fishbein’s Integrated Model. 331 participants were recruited at baseline and 306 completed the post-assessment one month after intervention. Clinical outcomes were Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque score (PS), collected by calibrated dental hygienists. Surveys obtained data on patient background characteristics and ten mechanisms of change including oral health beliefs, attitudes, norms and behaviors. GLMM was used to assess the effects of time, intervention arm, participant characteristics, intervention mechanisms and differences between the two interventions over time in relation to outcomes. Results At baseline, both groups had similar background characteristics. Both groups improved significantly in outcomes. Overall GI scores changed from baseline mean of 0.38 (SD = .032) to .26 (SD = .025) and PS scores changed from baseline mean of 71.4 (SD = 18%) to 59.1% (SD = 21%). T-tests showed that fears of oral disease, oral health intentionality, oral health norms, worries about self-management of oral health, flossing frequency and sugar control improved significantly in both interventions from baseline to post intervention. Oral health self-efficacy, perceived risk of oral health problems, oral health locus of control and brushing frequency improved significantly only in the counseling intervention. GLMM models showed that the significant predictors of GI improvement were intentionality to perform oral hygiene, locus of control, and improvement in frequency of brushing and flossing in association with the counseling intervention. Predictors of PS improvement were worries about oral hygiene self-management and fear of oral diseases, in association with the counseling intervention. In the reduced final models, only oral health locus of control (predicting GI) and fears of oral diseases (predicting PS) were significant in association with the counseling intervention. Locus of control, a key concept in oral hygiene interventions including the IM was the main contributing mechanism for GI improvement. Fear, an emotional response, drove improvement in PS, reinforcing the importance of cognitive/emotional mechanisms in oral hygiene interventions. Conclusions Though both groups improved in outcomes, GI and PS outcomes improved more in response to the counseling intervention than the campaign. The counseling intervention had an impact on more mechanisms of change than the campaign. Improvements in intervention mechanisms across both interventions however, suggest a closer examination of the campaign intervention impact on outcomes over time. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02419144, first posted April 17, 2015.

scholarly journals Evaluating Mechanisms of Change in an Oral Hygiene Improvement Trial With Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Schensul ◽  
Susan Reisine ◽  
Apoorva Salvi ◽  
Toan Ha ◽  
James Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
Group Randomized Trial

Abstract Objectives. This paper examines the relationship between theoretically-driven mediators and clinical outcomes of a group randomized trial to improve oral health and hygiene of older adults in subsidized housing were compared. Methods. Six low-income senior residences were paired and randomized into two groups. The first received a face to face counseling intervention (AMI) and the second, a peer-facilitated health campaign (three oral health fairs) both based on Fishbein’s Integrated Model. 331 participants were recruited at baseline and 306 completed the post-assessment one month after intervention. Clinical outcome s were Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque score (PS), collected by calibrated dental hygienists. Surveys obtained data on patient background characteristics, and ten oral health beliefs, attitudes, norms and behaviors. GLMM assessed the effects of time, intervention arm, moderators and mediators and intervention by time interactions. Results. Baseline moderators were similar. Both outcomes improved significantly. GI scores changed from baseline mean of 0.38 (sd=.032) to .26 (sd=.025) and PS scores changed from baseline mean of 71.4 (sd=18%) to 59.1% (sd=21%). Fears, intentionality, norms, worries, flossing and sugar consumption improved significantly in both interventions from baseline to post intervention. Self-efficacy, perceived risk of oral health problems, locus of control and brushing improved significantly only in the counseling intervention. Mechanisms predicting GI improvement were intentionality, locus of control, brushing and flossing in association with the counseling intervention. Mechanisms predicting PS improvement were worries about oral hygiene self-management and fear of oral diseases in association with the AMI intervention. In the trimmed final models, only locus of control (predicting GI) and fears of oral diseases (predicting PS) were significant. Conclusions. GI and PS improved more in response to the counseling intervention than the campaign. The counseling intervention had a greater impact on mechanisms of change than the campaign. Locus of control, a key concept in oral hygiene interventions including the IM was the main contributing mechanism for GI. Fear, an emotional response drove improvement in PS reinforcing the importance of cognitive/emotional mechanisms in oral hygiene interventions. Improvements in mediators across both interventions suggest a closer examination of the campaign intervention impact on outcomes over time. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02419144, first posted April 17, 2015

scholarly journals Evaluating Cognitive/Emotional and Behavioral Mediators of Oral Health Outcomes in Vulnerable Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482097492
Author(s):  
Jean J. Schensul ◽  
Apoorva Salvi ◽  
Toan Ha ◽  
James Grady ◽  
Jianghong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Plaque Score ◽  
Behavioral Domains

Inconsistent outcomes of oral hygiene interventions require testable theories combining cognitive and behavioral domains to guide intervention and improve results. This article evaluates the integrated model as a cognitive-behavioral approach to improve oral health clinical outcomes in ethnically diverse low-income older adults. Baseline data from a clinical trial utilizing the integrative model (IM) model evaluated predictors of gingival index (GI) and plaque score (PS). Individual logistic regression was performed for all predictors in relation to GI and PS. Multiple logistic regression was performed with significant predictors of GI and PS only. Greater locus of control and more brushing predicted lower GI; greater locus of control predicted lower PS. Both cognitive and behavioral domains impact GI, requiring more prolonged effort for improvement while locus of control, a cognitive variable, predicts PS, immediately improved by daily brushing/flossing. A streamlined IM including locus of control and tooth brushing should improve oral hygiene of low-income older adults.

scholarly journals The Use of Turmeric (Extracts and Squeeze) to Detect Plaque on Teeth

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Nike Haryani ◽  
Erma Mahmiyah ◽  
M. Ibraar Ayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Media ◽  
Audio Media

Primary school is a very strategic place for the prevention of dental and oral diseases. Delivering counseling material in learning oral health requires media. One of the media in dental and oral health education is through counseling using audio media. This audio media contains messages about dental health that are played at school every morning and can be exposed and heard every day so elementary school children can behave well in dental health. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of audio media outreach programs to the knowledge and level of dental and mouth hygiene of students at State Primary School 26 Kalimas Tengah, Kubu Raya Regency in 2019. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a Pre-Post observation research design. The samples of this study were 68 people which were class III, IV and V. The results showed the average rank of knowledge index before counseling with audio media was 8.928 and p was 0.020 (p<0.05) with index of dental and oral hygiene level was 0,00 and p of 0,000 (p<0.05). Meanwhile, after counseling with audio media was 9,500 and p of 0.020 (p<0.05) with a level of dental and oral hygiene of 35.00 and p of 0,000 (p<0,05). The conclusion of this study is counseling with audio media is more effective in increasing knowledge which can improve oral and dental hygiene

scholarly journals Correlation between oral health and severity of respiratory coronavirus infection COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
A. V. Mitronin ◽  
N. A. Apresian ◽  
D. A. Ostanina ◽  
E. D. Yurtseva
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To establish the association between the presence of chronic infection in oral cavity and the severity of SARSCoV-2 infection.Materials and methods. The study was conducted among 30 people aged between18 and 22 who had had coronavirus infection from mild to severe cases. The assessment of oral health was carried out with main and additional examination methods, CFE index, PMA index, Greene, Wermillion oral hygiene index.Results. In group 1, the average value of CFE index was 4.2, in the second group – CFE index was twice higher at 7.8. PMA index in patients of group 2 was significantly higher (p> 0.01) and was at the level of 41.5%. In group 1, the PMA index was 13.3%. It was found that 17% of the respondents in the control group and 70% patients in the experimental group had an episodic exacerbation of dental diseases during COVID-19.Conclusions. The data obtained indicates a correlation between oral diseases and the severity of COVID-19. It is necessary to consider that chronic infection in the oral cavity as well as poor oral hygiene can act as a risk of complications of viral infections, in particular, of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Oral health in individuals with psychotic disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Svetlana Jovanovic ◽  
Ivanka Gajic
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy

Mental disorders are an important problem in every national health care service. The importance of psychotic disorders is not only their frequency but also their long-term character, recurrence, association with other diseases, costs and consequences for the family and society. Psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorders and depression) and their treatment may result in serious oral diseases. These disorders and medications used to treat them may lead to a series of oral complications and side effects, predominantly high prevalence of carious and extracted teeth, periodontal disease, inadequate oral hygiene, xerostomia, burning mouth syndrome, bad breath and gustatory sense dysfunction. Psychotic disorders affect oral and dental health in two ways. Behavioural changes affect the oral hygiene maintenance and lead to bad habits and attitudes towards oral health. Antipsychotic therapy has adverse effects on oral health. Literature data suggest that oral health in patients with psychotic disorders is poor and highlight the need to develop specific preventive programmes, which would be aimed at improving behaviour of this population at risk in the oral health care system.

scholarly journals Caregivers’ attitudes, knowledge and practices of oral care at nursing homes in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Stancic ◽  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
Aleksandra Popovac ◽  
Miroslav Vasovic ◽  
Nebojsa Despotovic
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Work Shifts ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background/Aim. Within the elderly population, residents in nursing homes, there is a greather risk of caries, periodontal disease and teeth loss. Assistance of caregivers in maintaininig good oral hygiene besides improving oral health can improve of residents general health and the qulity of their lives. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of caregivers and knowledge about oral health, as well as the practice regarding oral care they apply at nursing homes in Serbia. Methods. The survey was conducted at the Gerontology Center Belgrade, consisting of four nursing homes located in the urban area. The study included 58 caregivers. They were contacted on working days, in all work shifts, during January, February and March of 2013. They were asked to fill in a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 26 closed-type questions. Results. The caregivers mostly considered that it was very important to take care of oral health of the residents, but 69% responded that the level of their oral health was low or very low. As the main barriers to oral hygiene maintenance, the caregivers indicated lack of time. The caregivers had more knowledge about periodontal disease than about the main cause of caries and its prevention. Formal medical education had the influence on the knowledge about oral diseases. Oral hygiene procedures carried out by the mayority of caregivers were denture cleaning and tooth brushing. Conclusion. The caregivers were aware of the limitations in everyday oral care of nursing homes residents in Serbia, although solving these problems requires the involvement of the entire public health service.

scholarly journals Oral hygiene status of depressed patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Putri Permatasari ◽  
Gilang Yubiliana ◽  
Aulia Iskandarsyah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Score Point

Introduction: Oral hygiene is one of the most critical factor in maintaining oral health. Depression symptoms may affect an individual’s oral health due to poor health behaviour, making depressed individuals prone to oral diseases such as caries and periodontal diseases. This study was aimed to obtain the oral hygiene status overview of depressed patients in West Java Psychiatric Hospital. Methods: This study was an observational descriptive with a cross-sectional approach to depressed patients (F.32 ICD Code). The measuring instrument used was Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Based on OHI-S, oral hygiene can be assessed into poor within 3.0 – 6.0 score point, fair within 1.3-3.0 score point, or good within 0.0 – 1.2 score point. Results: There were 30 respondents recruited using a purposive sampling method. Based on the plaque index, 1 respondent (3%) fell into good category, 23 respondents (77%) fell into the fair category, and 6 respondents (20%) fell into poor category. Based on the calculus index, 7 respondents (23%) fell into good category, 10 respondents (60%) fell into the fair category, and 5 respondents (17%) fell into poor category. Based on OHI-S, 2 respondents (7%) fell into the good category, 18 respondents (60%) fell into the fair category, and 10 respondents (33%) fell into poor category. Conclusion: Oral hygiene in-dex of depressed patients was categorised as fair.

scholarly journals Oral-health awareness among pregnant women in the region of Republika Srpska

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Svjetlana Janković ◽  
Bojana Davidović ◽  
Igor Radović ◽  
Vladimirka Ikonić ◽  
Ivana Dmitruk-Miljević
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
University Education ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Republika Srpska ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits

Summary Introduction Oral diseases during pregnancy are an important reason for enhanced dental care of this vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of oral health awareness among pregnant women and examine their oral hygiene habits, attitudes and behaviors in relation to the professional qualification. Material and methods The study was conducted in Foča, East Sarajevo, Bijeljina and Pale (Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina). A total of 198 respondents voluntarily filled an anonymous survey, specially created for this research. Results In addition to toothbrush and toothpaste, 39.8% of pregnant women did not use any additional oral hygiene resources. When brushing their teeth, 60.1% of pregnant women had bleeding gums. Also, 54.1% of pregnant women visited dentist, while 34.3% did not. Obstetrician did not advise 69.7% of respondents that the should visit dentist during pregnancy. Furthermore, 80.8% of pregnant women thought that they were more susceptible to pregnancy caries, and 29.6% of them thought that caries is disease that cannot be prevented. Respondents with university education understood that minerals from the mother’s teeth were not lost during pregnancy, which was statistically significant compared to pregnant women with secondary education. Conclusion The level of oral health awareness of pregnant women is low. It is important that all women perform regular dental examination during pregnancy, as they will receive useful information from their dentist how to prevent oral diseases.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene Awareness and Practices among a Sample of Primary School Children in Rural Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Md. Al-Amin Bhuiyan ◽  
Humayra Binte Anwar ◽  
Rezwana Binte Anwar ◽  
Mir Nowazesh Ali ◽  
Priyanka Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
School Children ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Hygiene Practices

Inadequate oral health knowledge and awareness is more likely to cause oral diseases among all age groups, including children. Reports about the oral health awareness and oral hygiene practices of children in Bangladesh are insufficient. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the oral health awareness and practices of junior school children in Mathbaria upazila of Pirojpur District, Bangladesh. The study covered 150 children aged 5 to 12 years of age from three primary schools. The study reveals that the students have limited awareness about oral health and poor knowledge of oral hygiene habits. Oral health awareness and hygiene practices amongst the school going children was found to be very poor and create a much-needed niche for implementing school-based oral health awareness and education projects/programs.

scholarly journals Using Augmented Reality to Motivate Oral Hygiene Practice in Children: Protocol for the Development of a Serious Game (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susy Nazaré Silva Ribeiro Amantini ◽  
Alexandre Alberto Pascotto Montilha ◽  
Bianca Caseiro Antonelli ◽  
Kim Tanabe Moura Leite ◽  
Daniela Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
School Environment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Oral Hygiene Practice

BACKGROUND New technologies create possible new ways of action, interaction, and learning which is extremely relevant in the field of oral health education. There is a lack of protocol in using an immersive interactive ludic-educational interface to motivate oral hygiene practice in children by means of augmented reality. OBJECTIVE This study aims to present a protocol on the development of a serious game to motivate oral hygiene practice in children. METHODS A serious game will be designed by augmented reality techniques to improve toothbrushing effectiveness of children aged 6 to 10 years. The functional structure of this interface is activated by means of movements recognized by Kinect (Microsoft Corp). The toothbrushing technique will be available in the game, enabling the children to execute the movement in the virtual environment. By identifying errors, this game will be tailored to improve the oral health of children by correcting the technique and teaching the user the adequate toothbrushing method. A template analysis will be performed to identify barriers and facilitators in each scenario. RESULTS After the implementation of the virtual interactive and immersive panels, enrollment will begin and evaluations will be made by means of questionnaires distributed to participants who interact with the game. Thus, an analysis of the product efficacy will be conducted. The expected outcome will be to obtain a digital instrument to motivate oral hygiene practice and enhance health awareness in children. CONCLUSIONS The serious game will support the prevention of oral diseases by sharing scientific research in the school environment and community. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/10987

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