scholarly journals Help-seeking behaviour and associated factors among women who experienced physical and sexual violence in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simegnew Handebo ◽  
Ayenew Kassie ◽  
Adane Nigusie
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour

Abstract Background Violence against women remains devastatingly pervasive and remained unchanged over the past decade. Violence against women is preventable and help-seeking of women subjected to violence is an entry point. So, this study assessed help-seeking behaviour and associated factors among women who experienced physical and sexual violence in Ethiopia. Method Using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS), this paper analyzes the determinants of help-seeking behavior of women subjected to violence in Ethiopia. EDHS used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. From 642 communities, a total of 1540 (weighted) reproductive age women were included in the analysis. Simple descriptive, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed. Statistical significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results Only 22.5% of the women who experienced violence sought help. Being aged 30 and above, working in sales, or an agricultural job, being in the richest wealth quintile, and experiencing severe violence were associated with increased help-seeking behaviour. Living in a rural area, having a husband who attended primary, secondary, and higher education, having a husband working in a professional job and agriculture were factors associated with lower odds of help-seeking behaviour. Conclusion In Ethiopia below one-fourth of women who were subject to violence sought help. Socio-demographic factors and severity of the violence were associated with help-seeking. Preventing child marriages and reducing poverty as well as increased employment and education for women enhance help-seeking behaviour by the women. Interventions could include creating awareness, law enforcement, and support for victims.

scholarly journals Women’s Awareness of Obstetric Fistula and its Associated Factors Among Reproductive-Age Women in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis Based on National Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallelign Alemnew ◽  
Bezawit Mulat ◽  
Kegnie Shitu
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Obstetric Fistula ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Distance Problem

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of women’s awareness of obstetric fistula (OF).MethodsThis community based crossectional study was conducted among 15,683 reproductive-aged women. A multi-level multivariable logistic regression analysis employed. A 95% CI and p-value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance.ResultThe magnitude of women’s awareness of OF was 38% [95%CI: 0.37, 0.39]. Individual level variables such as being in the age group 20-25 [AOR=1.17; 95%CI:1.02, 1.35], 26-30 [AOR=1.50; 95%CI: 1.27, 1.76] and >30 [AOR=1.76; 95%CI: 1.50, 2.07], being Muslim religion follower [AOR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.73, 0.94], attending primary education [AOR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.53, 1.89], attending secondary education [AOR=3.43; 95%CI: 2.95, 3.99] and attending higher education [AOR=5.88; 95%CI: 4.66, 7.42], history of pregnancy termination [AOR=1.31; 95%CI: 1.13, 1.51], media exposure at least once a week [AOR= 1.33; 95%CI: 1.2, 1.49], internet use [AOR= 2.25; 95%CI: 1.84, 2.75], medium house hold wealth [AOR=1.17; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.34], rich house hold wealth [AOR=1.50; 95%CI:1.31, 1.72] and community level factors including high community media exposure [AOR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.61], high community ANC rate [AOR=1.66; 95%CI: 1.37, 2.02] and low health facility distance problem [AOR=1.49; 95%CI: 1.23, 1.81] were significantly associated with awareness of OF.ConclusionThe magnitude of women’s awareness of OF was very low in Ethiopia. Maternal age, religion, being educated, media exposure, being from a wealthier household, low health facility distance problem, and high community ANC rate were significantly and positively associated factors with awareness of OF.

Physical, emotional and sexual violence faced by spouses in India: evidence on determinants and help-seeking behaviour from a nationally representative survey

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2019-213266
Author(s):  
Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Karthika Ganesh ◽  
Karthiga Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Married Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Women In India

ObjectiveThe current study was done to determine the prevalence, determinants, disclosure status and help-seeking behaviour of spousal violence using a nationally representative sample of ever-married women in India.MethodsWe have analysed the most recent National Family Health Survey-4 data (2015–2016) gathered from the Demographic Health Survey programme. Stratification and clustering in the sample design were accounted using svyset command. Point estimates were reported as proportions with 95% CI.ResultsA total of 66 013 ever-married women aged 15–49 years were included. Lifetime prevalence of spousal violence in India was 31% (95% CI 30.4% to 31.7%). Physical violence was the most common form accounting for 27.4% of victims followed by emotional (12.7%) and sexual violence (6.7%). Higher women’s age, Muslim religion, low education, employed women, lower socioeconomic status, presence of substance use among women and husbands, lower education and unemployed husbands, history of family violence and women in Central and Eastern states had a significant association with one or more forms of spousal violence with significant p value. Prevalence of help-seeking behaviour among women who faced spousal violence in India was 13.5% (95% CI 12.8% to 14.2%). Widowed/separated/divorced women, employed and highly educated women, and women in Northern states had significantly higher prevalence of help-seeking behaviour with respect to all the forms of spousal violence (p<0.001).ConclusionOne in three women in India faces spousal violence. Only 1 in 10 women seeks help following violence. Efforts should be made to ensure people working in formal institutions screen for spousal violence and know how to respond to women facing it.

scholarly journals Caracterização dos casos de violência sexual contra mulheres em idade reprodutiva no Piauí / Characterization of cases of sexual violence against women of reproductive age in Piauí

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 28670-28681
Author(s):  
Amanda Sebastiana Lima Correia ◽  
Ana Christina de Sousa Baldoino ◽  
Maria Bianca Pereira Freitas ◽  
Dathynara da Silva Alves ◽  
Julia Maria de Jesus Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

scholarly journals Level of non-adherence and its associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255912
Author(s):  
Setognal Birara Aychiluhm ◽  
Abay Woday Tadesse ◽  
Kusse Urmale Mare ◽  
Mequannent Sharew Melaku ◽  
Ibrahim Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
First Line ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Medication Schedule

Background In Ethiopia, nearly one-third of people living with human immunodeficiency viruses do not adhere to antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, information regarding non-adherence and its associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Northeast Ethiopia is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of non-adherence and its associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 326 participants selected by systematic random sampling technique from the five randomly selected public health facilities. Data were collected using the questionnaire adapted from the studies conducted previously and the collected data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 14 for further analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done and an adjusted odds ratio with its corresponding 95% confidence interval was used to declare a statistical significance. Results The overall prevalence of non-adherence was 17.4% [95% CI: (12.8%, 21.2%)]. Patients with no formal education [AOR (95% CI) = 5.57 (1.97, 15.88)], those who did not use memory aids to take their medications [AOR (95% CI) = 3.01 (1.27, 7.11)], travel more than 10 kilometers to visit the nearby antiretroviral therapy clinics [AOR (95% CI) = 2.42 (1.22, 25.86)], those who used substance [AOR (95% CI) = 3.57 (1.86, 28.69)], and patients whose medication time interfered with their daily routine activities [AOR (95% CI) = 15.46 (4.41, 54.28) had higher odds of having non-adherence to first-line antiretroviral therapy compared to their counter groups. Conclusion The level of non-adherence to first-line antiretroviral therapy was 17.4%, higher compared to WHO’s recommendation. Hence, patients counseling focused on avoiding substance use, use memory aids, and adjusting working time with medication schedule are very crucial. Furthermore, the ministry of health and the regional health bureau with other stakeholders should expand antiretroviral therapy service delivery at health facilities that are close to the community to address distance barriers.

scholarly journals Intersection of HIV and Anemia in women of reproductive age: a 10-year analysis of three Zimbabwe demographic health surveys, 2005–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philimon N. Gona ◽  
Clara M. Gona ◽  
Vasco Chikwasha ◽  
Clara Haruzivishe ◽  
Chabila C. Mapoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Women of reproductive age 15–49 are at a high risk of iron-deficiency anemia, which in turn may contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality. Common causes of anemia include poor nutrition, infections, malaria, HIV, and treatments for HIV. We conducted a secondary analysis to study the prevalence of and associated risk factors for anemia in women to elucidate the intersection of HIV and anemia using data from 3 cycles of Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) conducted in 2005, 2010, and 2015. Methods DHS design comprises of a two-stage cluster-sampling to monitor and evaluate indicators for population health. A field hemoglobin test was conducted in eligible women. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL in pregnant women; < 12.0 in nonpregnant women. Chi-squared test and multivariable logistic regression analysis accounting for complex survey design were used to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with anemia. Results Prevalence (95% confidence interval (CI)) of anemia was 37.8(35.9–39.7), 28.2(26.9–29.5), 27.8(26.5–29.1) in 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. Approximately 9.4, 7.2, and 6.1%, of women had moderate anemia; (Hgb 7–9.9) while 1.0, 0.7, and 0.6% of women had severe anemia (Hgb < 7 g/dL)), in 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. Risk factors associated with anemia included HIV (HIV+: 2005: OR (95% CI) = 2.40(2.03–2.74), 2010: 2.35(1.99–2.77), and 2015: 2.48(2.18–2.83)]; Residence in 2005 and 2010 [(2005: 1.33(1.08–1.65), 2010: 1.26(1.03–1.53)]; Pregnant or breastfeeding women [2005: 1.31(1.16–1.47), 2010: 1.23(1.09–1.34)]; not taking iron supplementation [2005: 1.17(1.03–1.33), 2010: 1.23(1.09–1.40), and2015: 1.24(1.08–1.42)]. Masvingo, Matebeleland South, and Bulawayo provinces had the highest burden of anemia across the three DHS Cycles. Manicaland and Mashonaland East had the lowest burden. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in Zimbabwe declined between 2005 and 2015 but provinces of Matebeleland South and Bulawayo were hot spots with little or no change HIV positive women had higher prevalence than HIV negative women. The multidimensional causes and drivers of anemia in women require an integrated approach to help ameliorate anemia and its negative health effects on the women’s health. Prevention strategies such as promoting iron-rich food and food fortification, providing universal iron supplementation targeting lowveld provinces and women with HIV, pregnant or breastfeeding are required.

scholarly journals The Magnitude of Nutritional Underweight and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Wonsho Woreda, Sidama Zone Southern Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahel Gamecha ◽  
Tsegaye Demissie ◽  
Amha Admasie
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Under Nutrition

Background: Childhood under-nutrition is a major global health problem. Although the rate of under-nutrition in southern Ethiopia has substantially declined in the last decade, but it still remains the major causes of morbidity and mortality of children under-five years. Unfortunately, there was no study in this study area with respect to this topic of interest and therefore, this study was carried out to assess the magnitude of underweight and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Wonsho Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 595 randomly selected child mother pairs were selected using cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a face-to-face interview and children anthropometric measurements. Child Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was determined. World Health Organization Anthro software was used to convert anthropometric measurements into Z-scores. The data was analyzed using Epidata version 3.1 and SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was used. A statistical significance was declared at p-value less than 0.05. Result: The overall prevalence of underweight was 122(20.5%) (95% CI, 17.3-23.8%), meanwhile, the prevalence of severe and moderate underweight was 7.1% and 13.4% respectively. Male children were 1.78 times more likely to be underweight than female children (AOR=1.78; 95%CI=1.17, 2.70). Unimmunized, children were 2.45 times more likely to be underweight (AOR=2.45; 95%CI=1.41, 4.24). Conclusion: Prevalence of nutritional underweight was high in the study area. Driving factors of underweight were investigated and therefore, strong stakeholders’ collaboration is compulsory to address the future public health burden.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Rate After Myomectomy and Associated Factors Among Reproductive Age Women Who Had Myomectomy at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa: Retrospective Cross-sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
meseret olana jeldu ◽  
Tadios Mekonnen asress ◽  
temesgen tantu arusi ◽  
Muluken Gunta gutulo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Introduction: Uterine myoma occurs in 20-50% of reproductive age women. Uterine myomas may be associated with 5-10% of cases of infertility, but it is the sole cause or factor in only 2-3% of all infertility cases. Myomectomy is surgery done to remove myoma regardless of the methods.Objective: to assess impact of myomectomy on pregnancy rate and associated factors among reproductive age women who had myomectomy at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, in Addis Ababa. Methodology: Hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to determine pregnancy rate after myomectomy & its associated factors. Patients who had myomectomy in SPHMMC from September, 2012 to September, 2017 were enrolled. Information was retrieved from hospital records & phone interviews with the patients. The strength of statistical association was measured by adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Result: Among 180 females participated in this study, 52.2% got pregnant after myomectomy. The result showed that females with age >35 years were 0.31 times less likely to get pregnant after surgery than those ages 20-25 years [AOR=0.31(95%CI: 0.29-0.54)]. People with no infertility before surgery were 1.19 times more likely to be pregnant after surgery than those with unexplained infertility before the surgery [AOR=1.19(95%CI: 1.06-1.57)]. People with two uterine incisions were 0.06 times less likely [AOR=0.06(95%CI: 0.043-0.51)] while those with three or more than three incisions were 0.02 times less likely [AOR=0.02(95%CI: 0.002-0.22)] to get pregnant compared with those with one incision on uterine wallConclusion: Age, number of incision and infertility before surgery were significantly associated with rate of pregnancy after myomectomy.

scholarly journals Trends in prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence against women in Zimbabwe, 2005-2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Iman'ishimwe Mukamana ◽  
Pamela Machakanja ◽  
Nicholas Kofi Adjei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread problem affecting all cultures and socioeconomic groups. This study explored the trends in prevalence and risk factors associated with IPV among Zimbabwean women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from 2005-2015. Methods: Data from the 2005/2006, 2010/2011 and 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) on 13,409 women (survey year: 2005/2006; n=4,081), (survey year: 2010/2011; n=4,411) and (survey year: 2015; n=4,917) were analyzed. Multiple logistic regressions and hierarchical modelling techniques were applied to examine the associations between demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, media exposure and IPV against women. We further estimated IPV prevalence by type (physical, sexual and emotional) over time. Results: The prevalence of IPV decreased from 45.2% in 2005 to 40.9% in 2010, and then increased to 43.1% in 2015. Some of the risk factors associated with IPV were younger age, low economic status, cohabitation and rural residence. Educational attainment of women was however not significantly associated with IPV. Conclusions: The findings indicate that women of reproductive age are at high and increasing risk of physical and emotional violence. There is thus an urgent need for an integrated policy approach to address the rise of IPV related physical and emotional violence against women in Zimbabwe. Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV); Trends; Risk factors; Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS); Zimbabwe

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