scholarly journals Defining ethical challenge(s) in healthcare research: a rapid review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Schofield ◽  
Mariana Dittborn ◽  
Lucy Ellen Selman ◽  
Richard Huxtable
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Ethical Challenge ◽  
Explicit Definition ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Manuscript Text ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background Despite its ubiquity in academic research, the phrase ‘ethical challenge(s)’ appears to lack an agreed definition. A lack of a definition risks introducing confusion or avoidable bias. Conceptual clarity is a key component of research, both theoretical and empirical. Using a rapid review methodology, we sought to review definitions of ‘ethical challenge(s)’ and closely related terms as used in current healthcare research literature. Methods Rapid review to identify peer-reviewed reports examining ‘ethical challenge(s)’ in any context, extracting data on definitions of ‘ethical challenge(s)’ in use, and synonymous use of closely related terms in the general manuscript text. Data were analysed using content analysis. Four databases (MEDLINE, Philosopher’s Index, EMBASE, CINAHL) were searched from April 2016 to April 2021. Results 393 records were screened, with 72 studies eligible and included: 53 empirical studies, 17 structured reviews and 2 review protocols. 12/72 (17%) contained an explicit definition of ‘ethical challenge(s), two of which were shared, resulting in 11 unique definitions. Within these 11 definitions, four approaches were identified: definition through concepts; reference to moral conflict, moral uncertainty or difficult choices; definition by participants; and challenges linked to emotional or moral distress. Each definition contained one or more of these approaches, but none contained all four. 68/72 (94%) included studies used terms closely related to synonymously refer to ‘ethical challenge(s)’ within their manuscript text, with 32 different terms identified and between one and eight different terms mentioned per study. Conclusions Only 12/72 studies contained an explicit definition of ‘ethical challenge(s)’, with significant variety in scope and complexity. This variation risks confusion and biasing data analysis and results, reducing confidence in research findings. Further work on establishing acceptable definitional content is needed to inform future bioethics research.

scholarly journals Attributes of Effective Lecturing in the College Classroom

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Dieter J. Schonwetter
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
College Classroom ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Definition Of

The following paper highlights research on effective lecturing in the college classroom. First, critical issues concerning the operational definition of effective lecturing and the measurement criteria used to denote it are addressed. Next, major research findings are reported, beginning with correlational information reported by descriptive studies and ending with causal findings demonstrated by empirical studies. Current research literature identifies the following lecture attributes as important for student learning: expressiveness, clarity, and organization. These dimensions are defined by low-inference behaviours and supported by empirical studies. Furthermore, links between lecture attributes and certain student cognitive processing activities, explaining the facilitative qualities of effective lecturing on student learning, are hypothesized. Finally, implications for both practitioners and researchers are discussed.

scholarly journals Knowledge payment research: status quo and key issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuotuo Qi ◽  
Tianmei Wang ◽  
Yanlin Ma ◽  
Xinxue Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Provider Knowledge ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose Knowledge sharing has entered the stage of knowledge payment with the typical models of paid Q&A, live session, paid subscription, course column and community service. Numerous knowledge suppliers have begun to pour into the knowledge payment market, and users' willingness to pay for premium content has increased. However, the academic research on knowledge payment has just begun. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors searched several bibliographic databases using keywords such as “knowledge payment”, “paid Q&A”, “pay for answer”, “social Q&A”, “paywall” and “online health consultation” and selected papers from aspects of research scenes, research topics, etc. Finally, a total of 116 articles were identified for combing studies. Findings This study found that in the early research, scholars paid attention to the definition of knowledge payment concept and the discrimination of typical models. With the continuous enrichment of research literature, the research direction has gradually been refined into three main branches from the perspective of research objects, i.e. knowledge provider, knowledge demander and knowledge payment platform. Originality/value This paper focuses on discussing and sorting out the key research issues from these three research genres. Finally, the authors found out conflicting and contradictory research results and research gaps in the existing research and then put forward the urgent research topics.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity in accounting research

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 808-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Haapamäki ◽  
Jukka Sihvonen
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Breaches

Purpose This paper aims to update the cybersecurity-related accounting literature by synthesizing 39 recent theoretical and empirical studies on the topic. Furthermore, the paper provides a set of categories into which the studies fit. Design/methodology/approach This is a synthesis paper that summarizes the research literature on cybersecurity, introducing knowledge from the extant research and revealing areas requiring further examination. Findings This synthesis identifies a research framework that consists of the following research themes: cybersecurity and information sharing, cybersecurity investments, internal auditing and controls related to cybersecurity, disclosure of cybersecurity activities and security threats and security breaches. Practical implications Academics, practitioners and the public would benefit from a research framework that categorizes the research topics related to cybersecurity in the accounting field. This type of analysis is vital to enhance the understanding of the academic research on cybersecurity and can be used to support the identification of new lines for future research. Originality/value This is the first literature analysis of cybersecurity in the accounting field, and it has significant implications for research and practice by detailing, for example, the benefits of and obstacles to information sharing. This synthesis also highlights the importance of the model for cybersecurity investments. Further, the review emphasizes the role of internal auditing and controls to improve cybersecurity.

scholarly journals Understanding the economics of abuse: an assessment of the economic abuse definition within the Domestic Abuse Bill

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Sharp-Jeffs
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Control Wheel ◽  
The Uk

The term ‘economic abuse’ was first introduced into discourse when it was identified as a tactic used by perpetrators within the Duluth Power and Control Wheel. Yet it is only recently that researchers have turned their attention to defining and understanding it. This article draws on a review of the global and UK specific academic research literature to assess the suitability of the definition of economic abuse put forward within the Westminster government’s Domestic Abuse Bill. It recommends that a) the term ‘any behaviour’ within the definition is understood to include controlling tactics which sit under the constructs of economic restriction, exploitation and/or sabotage, b) the definition recognises perpetrators will also prevent a partner from using/maintaining goods or services and, c) attention is given to the suggestion that single incidents of economic abuse would not fall under this definition. While the focus of this article is on Westminster policy in the UK, the case for ‘naming’ and defining economic abuse in statute has wider resonance, not least because it provides a framework within which to report on prevalence, hold perpetrators accountable and for services (statutory and voluntary) to respond.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>This article critically assesses the definition of economic abuse within the Westminster government’s Domestic Abuse Bill and argues that there is ‘room for improvement’.</li><br /><li>The term ‘any behaviour’ within the definition of economic abuse should be understood to include controlling tactics which sit under the constructs of economic restriction, exploitation and/or sabotage.</li><br /><li>A clear understanding of the constructs of economic abuse is vital if the Westminster government is to report on prevalence (as required by the Istanbul Convention) and frontline practitioners are to understand and meet the complex needs of victim-survivors.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Definition and Types of Time Management Obstacles for Nursing

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Qtait ◽  
Seyyan Alarab
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Health Field

Aim: This paper critically examines the research literature relating to the obstacles time management and definition of time management. Background: Time management is a skill and behaviors that become a aspect of one’s individual and professional life, it is the key to increase the productivity of nursing, but also helps to copy tension more efficiently. During the last years, there has been growing recognition of the status of time in today’s global and fast growing society, and increasing in technology. Method: This review contain 27 empirical studies and book on time management conducted between 2000 and 2018, by research in google. Findings: thorough search for the existing literature revealed a lack of study related to obstacles of time management, and discuss the concept obstacles of time management in nursing work and concern the obstacles of time management techniques. This review offers an overview of research on time management and obstacles of time management. The reviewed research displays many limitations as. First, time management has been defined and operationalized in a different of ways. Some instruments were not trustworthy or valid, which could account for unstable findings. Second, very little attention was given to nursing and health field. There is a need for more accurate research into the obstacles of time management in nursing and health professional. Conclusion: Review of article for obstacles time management, time management important for nurses, and effect on performance. Little study in obstacles of time management for nurses, study appear type of time management obstacles personal, administration and organizational obstacles, method of measurement of obstacles by experiment and questionnaire

scholarly journals Defining Smart Glasses: A Rapid Review of State-of-the-Art Perspectives and Future Challenges From a Social Sciences’ Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niek Zuidhof ◽  
Somaya Ben Allouch ◽  
Oscar Peters ◽  
Peter-Paul Verbeek
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Design Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Smart Glasses ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractOver recent decades smart glasses have gained increased attention in both the research arena and recently also in the consumer market, even though there is not yet a clear definition of what exactly smart glasses entail and underexposed perspectives are not represented. This study used a rapid review to assess the current understanding of smart glasses with the aim of defining them. Searches were performed across six databases, followed-up by a content-based evaluation of title and abstract. A total set of 14 relevant publications was identified to help arrive at a definition and characteristics of smart glasses. As a result, it was observed in both the research literature and in the public domain that many different names are used for smart glasses, and that in some cases there is unclarity about what constitute smart glasses. Therefore, an adapted definition of smart glasses is developed based on the existing original rationale of ubiquitous computing and taking the current state-of-the-art knowledge into account. This article provides an overview of and suggestion for defining smart glasses from a social sciences’ perspective to better inform researchers, developers, designers and companies who are involved in the design, development, research of smart glasses.

Shopping orientations of youth: Evidence from India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daly Paulose ◽  
Olivia Veliyath
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Shopping Orientation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Shopping Orientations ◽  
Gender Groups

India boasts of being the sixth largest consumer market in the world and home to the world’s largest youth population. Despite the strategic role played by this segment in spearheading India’s consumption movement, little academic research has gone into understanding their shopping orientations and behaviour. This study seeks to bridge the gap in extant research by examining shopping orientations of young adults using a modified version of a consumer styles inventory (CSI) adapted to the Indian context. The cross-cultural generalisability of the modified CSI is validated empirically, through random sampling of 630 young adults from South India. Principal Component Analysis is used to summarise the 46 initial variables into smaller sets of 35 composites that load onto 11 factors that explain 62% of the variance. The resultant factor structure, confirmed using CFA is found to demonstrate good fit to the data. Researchers also explore the predictive influence of shopping orientation on subsequent shopping behaviour. The results confirm the cross-national relevance of the original CSI scale while identifying three new traits specific to the Indian context. Apart from Recreational, Brand Conscious, Quality Conscious, Price conscious, Impulsive, Habitual, Novelty-oriented and Confused shoppers, the Indian sample is found to additionally include diligent shoppers, convenience seekers and uninterested shoppers. Shopping orientation significantly impacts the time and amount spent on shopping pursuits differently across gender groups and also predicts preference for online/offline store formats among young shoppers. Apart from being one of the few empirical studies profiling India’s youth based on their shopping orientations using the CSI inventory, the present research also reflects on inconsistencies in the available research literature. It has a captive audience in consumer groups and policy makers interested in the evolving consumption culture in India and also in retailers seeking segmentation and targeting insights for eliciting patronage from young consumer cohorts.

Spirituality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Dehury ◽  
Poulomee Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Holistic Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO), in its definition of health, considers spirituality as an inseparable segment of health. Spiritualism exists in every human being—it is individualized. Spirituality attracted the attention of mental health professionals despite the advancement in science, technology, quality of life, medical care. Healthcare research conducted in developed countries demonstrated the efficacy of spirituality in medical and psychosocial care and promoting quality of life. There is a significance of integrating spirituality with psychosocial care. Various empirical studies are suggestive of the positive impact of spirituality in the holistic management of various disorders: depression, anxiety disorder, substance abuse, cancer, and AIDS. In the backdrop of the above, the chapter addresses the spirituality of the client and the role of religion in the implementation of psychosocial care plans. This chapter also sheds some light upon the integration of spirituality in nursing care, rehabilitation, and the management of trauma-related disorders.

Corporate tax disclosure on a CSR basis: a new reporting framework in the post-BEPS era

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 2167-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta De la Cuesta-González ◽  
Eva Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consensual Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the emerging discourse on corporate taxation from a corporate social responsibility perspective to develop a consensual definition of corporate tax responsibility (CTR) and to identify a set of indicators that firms should publicly communicate to their stakeholders as an accountability mechanism. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with representatives of stakeholders closely related to taxation: tax authorities, companies, NGOs, tax advisors and academics. Based on a discourse analysis approach, data were coded and analyzed using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software. Findings CTR is defined as the set of tax-related practices and policies that allow companies to pay a fair share of taxes as a function of the generated value in each jurisdiction in which they operate and to then publicly disclose them. Disclosure should cover disaggregated quantitative data and information on practices and policies. Originality/value Despite the wealth of research on sustainability reporting and increasing public awareness of tax aggressiveness and disclosure, academic research has not explored tax-responsible reporting. Moreover, no consensual definition of CTR has been formulated, and no indicators to properly account for responsible taxation have been identified. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by providing rich interview evidence regarding the nature of the emerging discourse on CTR reporting and a set of material indicators for CTR disclosure. This paper encourages researchers to foster the development of social accountability by engaging in future empirical studies of CTR.

A consumer definition of store convenience (finally)

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Alternative Definition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Store Patronage ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Despite an increasingly convenience-oriented society, very few empirical studies have identified convenience as a salient determinant of store patronage. Such atypical findings could be due to the way in which academics have defined store convenience. The purpose of this study is to empirically develop an alternative definition of store convenience. Design/methodology/approach – A household mail-out survey was used to identify the attributes consumers associate with store convenience. Findings – Empirical analysis provides strong support for the alternative definition, with respondents indicating that 25 of the test attributes serve as convenience attributes in the context of a department store. Practical implications – In spite of the many things a store manager can do to make their store more convenient, academic studies have recognised very few of these as convenience attributes. This study provides store managers with a list of 25 tools they have at their disposal to help save their customers' time and effort and help combat the internet threat. Originality/value – Comprising 25 attributes, the alternative definition represents a significant increase over any existing definition. The failure of existing definitions to incorporate so many of these attributes may explain why academic research has suggested that, in an era of convenience, convenience itself is a less-than-salient determinant of store patronage.

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