scholarly journals Factors influencing the use of video interpretation compared to in-person interpretation in hospitals: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Feiring ◽  
Stine Westdahl
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Soft Budget Constraints ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Interpreter Use ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Professional Interpreter ◽  
Barriers To Use ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organisational Factors

Abstract Background Facilitating access to professional interpretation services is key to equitable hospital care for migrants with limited language proficiency; however, interpreter underuse has been documented. The factors that potentially enable or hinder professional interpreter use are not well understood. We aimed to compare perceptions held by hospital managers and healthcare practitioners of the factors influencing the use of remote video interpretation and in-person interpretation. Methods This study employed a retrospective qualitative design. Two hospitals, located in Austria and Norway, with adequately similar baseline characteristics were purposively selected. Both hospitals used in-person interpreters, and the Austrian hospital had recently introduced remote video interpretation as an alternative and supplement. Fifteen managers and healthcare practitioners participated in focus groups and individual interviews. Data were thematically analysed with the aid of behavioural system theory. Results Across sites, the facilitators of interpreter use included individual factors (knowledge about interpreter services, skills to assess when/how to use an interpreter, beliefs about favourable consequences), as well as organisational factors (soft budget constraints). Barriers were identified at the individual level (lack of interpersonal skills to handle difficult provider-interpreter situations, lack of skills to persuade patients to accept interpreter use, lack of trust in service professionalism), and at the organisational level (limited interpreter availability, time constraints). The introduction of remote video interpretation services seemed to counteract the organisational barriers. Video interpretation was further perceived to enable patient confidentiality, which was regarded as a facilitator. However, video interpretation introduced specific barriers, including perceived communication deficiencies. Conclusion This study has identified a range of factors that are perceived to influence the use of interpreters in hospitals. The research suggests that-implementing remote video interpretation services lessens the barriers to use and that such services should be introduced in hospital settings as an alternative or supplement to in-person interpreters. Further intervention functions should be considered to bring about change in the use of interpretation services, including developing guidelines for interpreter use, educating staff in the appropriate use of video technology, and training staff in communicating with interpreter and patients with limited language proficiency.

scholarly journals Experiences of managing a gluten-free diet on multiple levels of society: a qualitative study

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Garnweidner-Holme ◽  
Karla Sende ◽  
Monica Hellmann ◽  
Christine Henriksen ◽  
Knut E. A. Lundin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy against dietary gluten. The treatment for CD is a strict life-long gluten-free (GF) diet, which has a profound effect on a person’s life. In recent years, there has been an increase in the availability of gluten-free products. This study investigates how people with CD experience and manage a GF diet. Methods Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted in different areas of Norway. The analysis was guided by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Participants with CD (n = 12) varied in terms of gender, age, family composition and time since diagnosed. Results The analysis revealed challenges for a GF diet at the individual, interpersonal, community and policy levels. At the individual level, the participants explained that it took time to gain knowledge about a GF diet, and they expressed uncertainty about the healthiness of a GF diet. At the interpersonal level, the feeling of being different and the fear of gluten contamination were barriers to the enjoyment of social meals. At the community level, the participants asked for a wider selection of tastier GF products to purchase and increased knowledge about CD among those who prepare and sell GF foods. At the policy level, the participants asked for political action to make GF products more affordable. Conclusions This study indicates that people with CD should be given information about how to manage a GF diet right after being diagnosed with CD. The food industry should be encouraged to produce healthy and tasty GF products.

scholarly journals Factors influencing time allocation of sport event volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin Hallmann ◽  
Paul Downward ◽  
Geoff Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sport Event Volunteers

Purpose Given the increasing demands placed on a sport event workforce in servicing the needs of spectators, to attract and recruit volunteers to the industry, it is important for sport event managers to know what is driving how much time volunteers allocate to an event. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the individual and macro-level factors influencing the allocation of time to volunteer at sport events. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from volunteers at 25 sport events (n=2,303). Multi-level modelling was used to identify common effects controlling for event differences. Findings Male gender significantly influences time allocated to an event at the individual level. At the macro-level, the number of local inhabitants has a significant negative effect whereas the status of an international event and duration contribute positively to time allocation. Research limitations/implications The results provide clear evidence that macro-level variables can stimulate interest in event volunteering opportunities. Originality/value This paper uses a multi-level approach to assess the influence of micro- and macro-level variables on time allocation by sport event volunteers. Using this approach, event heterogeneity can be controlled.

scholarly journals Talk and Let Talk: The Effects of Language Proficiency on Speaking Up and Competence Perceptions in Multinational Teams

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huisi (Jessica) Li ◽  
Y. Connie Yuan ◽  
Natalya N. Bazarova ◽  
Bradford S. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Speaking Up ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Speak Up

Collaboration within multinational teams necessitates the adoption of a common language, typically English, which often leads to significant differences in language proficiency across members. We develop and test a multilevel model of the effects of language proficiency within multinational teams. An experimental study of 51 teams (102 American and 102 Chinese participants) revealed that, at the individual level, members with higher levels of language proficiency were more likely to speak up, which led to more positive perceptions of their competence. At the team level, greater dispersion in language proficiency across members was associated with less accurate competence recognition, which, in turn, led to lower overall team performance. Moreover, communication medium moderated these relationships, such that the effects of language proficiency were more potent in face-to-face than in computer-mediated teams. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and for managing participation, competence, and technology in multinational teams.

scholarly journals Regular and Temporary Employees in Project Organized Business Pay Different Attention to Preconditions for Learning

Organizacija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Gunnar Augustsson ◽  
Maria Rasmusson
Keyword(s):  
Resource Planning ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scientific Value

Abstract Background and purpose: The purpose is to investigate whether regular and temporary staff differ in their perceptions of preconditions for learning and if there are some qualitative aspects that can be considered particularly significant in these differences. Design/Methodology/Approach: The approach consists of a case study based on both quantitative and qualitative data collected via an online questionnaire and individual interviews. Results: The paper question the understanding of the organization as a singular and more or less cohesive unit. On an organizational level, the project owner who hires staff does not care for competence transfer between regulars and temps, or between different groups of staff. At the individual level, temps are more focused on their specific task compared to regulars. Regulars’ seems to safeguarding a community or an organizational perspective, while temps are looking for their own good. Conclusions: There is a risk that one social unit differs, in attention payed to preconditions for learning, from another, when an organization use temporary staff. Therefore, the scientific value of this paper is that using temps may result in or be a consequence of a fragmented organization. The findings show no competence transfer in projects with both temps and regulars, and the project owner takes no active responsibility for human resource planning in terms of competence transfer between different groups of staff. The implications underline that long-term efficiency and rationality in an organization does not always have priority over organizational affiliation even with the hiring of expertise. When this happens, it may lead to a fragmented personnel group that is divided in thinkers/organizers and, performers/doers. When this happens, important practical skills fall outside of the organization, which in a metaphorical sense means that the hand is separated from the brain. Therefore, organizations with temporary staff need to plan for how to enable competence transfer between temporary and regular staff.

Lexical-semantic skills in bilingual children who are becoming English-dominant: A longitudinal study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI SHENG
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
English Dominant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Naming Tasks ◽  
Semantic Skills ◽  
Error Types

Twenty-seven Mandarin–English bilingual children participated in picture identification and picture naming tasks at two time points, 16 months apart. The younger children (mean age = 4 years) showed greater gains over time than the older children (mean age = 6 years 10 months) in English lexical-semantic skills and neither group showed significant gains in Mandarin. At the individual level, a majority of the children showed increased accuracy for the English tasks, but only half of them did so for the Mandarin tasks. Analyses of error distribution indicated production of more advanced error types in the older children and in English, as well as different patterns of time-related changes in error types in the two languages. These findings illustrate how age and initial language proficiency are related to lexical growth among Mandarin-speaking bilingual children who are becoming English-dominant.

Healthcare providers perception of therapeutic patient education efficacy according to patient and healthcare provider characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 174239532110584
Author(s):  
Deborah Loyal ◽  
Laetitia Ricci ◽  
Julie Villegente ◽  
Carole Ayav ◽  
Joelle Kivits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Therapeutic Patient Education ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Provider Characteristics ◽  
The Individual

Objectives Therapeutic patient education improves numerous health and psychological outcomes in patients with chronic diseases. However, little is known about what makes a therapeutic patient education intervention more effective than another one. This study aims to identify in healthcare professionals the perceived determinants of therapeutic patient education efficacy at the individual level. Methods Semi-structured individual interviews have been conducted with healthcare professionals (HCP, n=28, including 20 nurses) involved in therapeutic patient education programs ( n=14) covering various chronic conditions (kidney and cardiovascular diseases, chronic pain, diabetes, etc.). A thematic content analysis following an inductive approach was used (Nvivo.11 software). Results Five themes were retrieved for patient characteristics: understanding and education, personality, readiness and motivation, social environment, and misinformation and beliefs. Four themes were retrieved for healthcare professionals’ characteristics: medical knowledge, appropriate attitude and relational skills, pedagogical skills, and training. Discussion Patient personality is rarely discussed in the literature. Patients who are introverted, lack curiosity, or are not compliant might benefit from specific therapeutic patient education practices or formats. All these potential determinants regarding patients and healthcare professionals should be routinely assessed in future studies about therapeutic patient education efficacy to understand precisely what makes an intervention successful.

scholarly journals An Exploration of the Factors Influencing Home Users' Cybersecurity Behaviours

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicole Kristine Henika Braun
Keyword(s):  
Internet Security ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Home User ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Home Users

<p>Cybersecurity has been a concern for businesses and governments since their initial uptake of the Internet in the 1970s. As more and more people started using the internet for personal use, cybersecurity has become an important concern for home users as well. However, most research on cybersecurity has been undertaken at an organisational rather than at the individual level. Individual behaviours online have became increasingly important as the line between home and business use has blurred and users’ actions on their home computers has begun to have more wide ranging implications. There appears to be a lack of agreement on how to approach the topic of internet security outside of an organisational perspective.  This research focuses on the individual home user perspective and seeks to (1) identify factors relate to users’ cybersecurity behaviours, and (2) examine how the identified factors relate to users' cybersecurity behaviours. A conceptual framework was developed based on the literature to guide the data collection.  To identify the relevant factors relating to home users’ security behaviours, a qualitative study comprised of three focus groups and 20 individual interviews was carried out. From the data, a revised model was developed. In the revised model, awareness threats was identified as a necessary first cybersecurity step before users can form opinions about the danger of threats. Awareness of threats was influenced by users' characteristics, opinions, and experiences as well as by factors in their external environments.  The combination of internal factors, external factors, and awareness led to users’ perceptions about the danger of threats online. This perception of danger led to users’ intentions to engage in protective behaviours. However, these intentions were strengthened or weakened based on users’ perceptions about the barriers to and enablers of security.  By applying the revised model, it was possible to identify different types of security users. Through the identification of these user types, eight factors emerged as being particularly important in influencing users' perceptions of threats and dangers: knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, trust, threat awareness, safeguard awareness, prior experience, reliance, and security orientation. These factors from the model are used as a starting point to understanding how users make decisions about what they will do to protect themselves online. Further, through the identification of these user types suggestions are made about how to promote security for different types of individuals.</p>

scholarly journals Die Entwicklung schulisch-standardsprachlicher Kompetenzen in der Volksschule. Eine Quasi-Längsschnittstudie.

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romano Müller ◽  
Nora Dittmann-Domenichini
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Language Competencies

The article presents the theoretical and methodological reflexions guiding the research project "The Development of Cognitive-Academic Language Proficiency of Monolingual and Bilingual Primary and Secondary School Students. A comparison" (2006–2010). (1) The first part gives an overview of immigrant pupils' situations in the Swiss educational system and shows the reasons for their unsatisfying success in school. Swiss school system is mainly defined by an assimilative philosophy not sufficiently taking into account the specific conditions of the 23.7% of bilingual students in Swiss schools. (2) The theoretical bases of the study refer to the framework of socio-cognitive theory. On the individual level, factors such as the "linguistic self-concept" and "intelligence", and on the exogenous level, context factors such as the "institutional support", specific "classroom programs" for migrant pupils and the "aspirations and support opportunities of the families" are supposed to have a systematic impact on the pace and the level of second language acquisition. We further discuss the theoretical conception of language competencies underlying the project. (3) Finally the methodology of the project, including 1200 monolinguals and bilingual students, is discussed. The project follows the rules of a quasi-longitudinal study measuring the development of language competencies levels twice in the interval of one year in the 2nd/3rd-, 5th/6th-, and 8th/9th-grades. The results will lead to insights in the acquisition process and eventual stagnations in educational language development.

scholarly journals An Exploration of the Factors Influencing Home Users' Cybersecurity Behaviours

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicole Kristine Henika Braun
Keyword(s):  
Internet Security ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Home User ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Home Users

<p>Cybersecurity has been a concern for businesses and governments since their initial uptake of the Internet in the 1970s. As more and more people started using the internet for personal use, cybersecurity has become an important concern for home users as well. However, most research on cybersecurity has been undertaken at an organisational rather than at the individual level. Individual behaviours online have became increasingly important as the line between home and business use has blurred and users’ actions on their home computers has begun to have more wide ranging implications. There appears to be a lack of agreement on how to approach the topic of internet security outside of an organisational perspective.  This research focuses on the individual home user perspective and seeks to (1) identify factors relate to users’ cybersecurity behaviours, and (2) examine how the identified factors relate to users' cybersecurity behaviours. A conceptual framework was developed based on the literature to guide the data collection.  To identify the relevant factors relating to home users’ security behaviours, a qualitative study comprised of three focus groups and 20 individual interviews was carried out. From the data, a revised model was developed. In the revised model, awareness threats was identified as a necessary first cybersecurity step before users can form opinions about the danger of threats. Awareness of threats was influenced by users' characteristics, opinions, and experiences as well as by factors in their external environments.  The combination of internal factors, external factors, and awareness led to users’ perceptions about the danger of threats online. This perception of danger led to users’ intentions to engage in protective behaviours. However, these intentions were strengthened or weakened based on users’ perceptions about the barriers to and enablers of security.  By applying the revised model, it was possible to identify different types of security users. Through the identification of these user types, eight factors emerged as being particularly important in influencing users' perceptions of threats and dangers: knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, trust, threat awareness, safeguard awareness, prior experience, reliance, and security orientation. These factors from the model are used as a starting point to understanding how users make decisions about what they will do to protect themselves online. Further, through the identification of these user types suggestions are made about how to promote security for different types of individuals.</p>

Creating and Sustaining Workplace Cultures Supportive of LGBT Employees in College Athletics

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
College Athletics ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Workplace Environments ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Workplace Cultures

The purpose of this study was to understand (a) how participants conceptualized lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) inclusiveness in their athletic departments, (b) the antecedents of such workplace environments, and (c) the outcomes associated with inclusion. To do so, the author conducted a collective case study of two college athletic departments located in the U.S. Northeast. Data sources included individual interviews with coaches and administrators (n = 17), a reflexive journal, websites, university materials, and external publications. Participants described the athletic departments as characterized by community and cohesion, respect and inclusion, and success oriented. Various antecedents contributed to these workplace environments, including those at the individual level, leader behaviors, inclusive organizational policies, and macro-level influences. Finally, while some negative outcomes were identified, LGBT inclusion was predominantly associated with a host of positive outcomes for the employees, athletes, and organizations as a whole.

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