Targeting body composition in an older population: do changes in movement behaviours matter? Longitudinal analyses in the PREDIMED-Plus trial

Abstract Background The optimal distribution between physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) for the greatest benefits for body composition among older adults with overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prospective association between changes in PA and in SB with concurrent changes in body composition and to examine whether reallocating inactive time into different physical activity levels was associated with 12-month change to body composition in older adults. Methods Longitudinal assessment nested in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A subsample (n = 1564) of men and women (age 55–75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from both arms of the PREDIMED-Plus trial was included in the present analysis. Participants were followed up at 6 and 12 months. Physical activity and SB were assessed using validated questionnaires. Out of 1564 participants, 388 wore an accelerometer to objectively measure inactive time and PA over a 7-day period. At each time point, participants’ body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standard covariate-adjusted and isotemporal substitution modelling were applied to linear mixed-effects models. Results Increasing 30 min of total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with significant reductions in body fat (β − 0.07% and − 0.08%) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (− 13.9 g, and − 15.6 g) at 12 months (all p values < 0.001). Reallocating 30 min of inactive time to MVPA was associated with reductions in body fat and VAT and with an increase in muscle mass and muscle-to-fat mass ratio (all p values < 0.001). Conclusions At 12 months, increasing total PA and MVPA and reducing total SB and TV-viewing SB were associated with improved body composition in participants with overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This was also observed when substituting 30 min of inactive time with total PA, LPA and MVPA, with the greatest benefits observed with MVPA. Trial registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN), 89898870. Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014

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Changes in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and body composition: longitudinal analysis in the PREDIMED-Plus trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44115/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aina M Galmes-Panades ◽

Jadwiga Konieczna ◽

Veronica Varela-Mato ◽

Itziar Abete ◽

Nancy Babio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Composition ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Body Fat ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Tv Viewing ◽

Prospective Association

Abstract Background:The optimal distribution between physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) for the greatest benefits for body composition among older adults with overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prospective association between changes in PA and in SB with concurrent changes in body composition. To examine whether reallocating inactive time into different physical activity levels was associated with 12-month change to body composition in older adults.Methods: A subsample (n=1564) of men and women (age: 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus trial was included in the present analysis. Participant’s were followed-up at 6- and 12-months. Physical Activity and SB were assessed using validated questionnaires. Out of 1564 participants, 388 wore an accelerometer to objectively measure inactive time and PA over a 7-day period. At each time point, participants body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standard covariate-adjusted and isotemporal substitution modelling were applied to linear mixed-effects models.Results:Increasing 30 minute of total PA and MVPA were associated with significant reductions in body fat (β -0.07% and -0.08%) and VAT (-13.9g, and -15.6g) at 12-months (all p-values <0.001). Reallocating 30 minute of inactive time to MVPA was associated with reductions in body fat and VAT, and with an increase in muscle mass and muscle-to-fat mass ratio (all p-values <0.001).Conclusions:At 12 months, increasing total PA and MVPA and reducing total and TV-viewing SB were associated with improved body composition in participants with overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This was also observed when reallocating 30 minute of inactive time by total PA, LPA and MVPA, with the greatest benefits observed for MVPA.Trial registration: The trial was registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870) with number 89898870 and registration date of 24 July 2014, retrospectively registered.

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The Relationship Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and the Metabolic Syndrome Score in Girls

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2013-0109 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 221-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Katrina D. DuBose ◽

Andrew J. McKune

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Sexual Maturity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between physical activity levels, salivary cortisol, and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) score was examined. Twenty-three girls (8.4 ± 0.9 years) had a fasting blood draw, waist circumference and blood pressure measured, and wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for 5 days. Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels. Previously established cut points estimated the minutes spent in moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A continuous MetSyn score was created from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and glucose values. Correlation analyses examined associations between physical activity, cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components. Regression analysis examined the relationship between cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components adjusting for physical activity, percent body fat, and sexual maturity. Vigorous physical activity was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol values. The MetSyn score was not related with cortisol values after controlling for confounders. In contrast, HDL was negatively related with 30 min post waking cortisol. Triglyceride was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol and area under the curve. The MetSyn score and many of its components were not related to cortisol salivary levels even after adjusting for physical activity, body fat percentage, and sexual maturity.

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THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OLDER ADULTS WITH OBESITY

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2018.34 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

F. Xu ◽

S.A. Cohen ◽

I.E. Lofgren ◽

G.W. Greene ◽

M.J. Delmonico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Activity Recommendations

Background: Physical activity reduces the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the association between different physical activity levels and MetS remains unclear in older adults with obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study used four waves of data (2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014) from two datasets: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and United Sates Department of Agriculture’s Food Patterns Equivalents Database. The sample included adults 60+ years of age (n= 613) with obesity who had physical activity and MetS data. Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized into three physical activity levels (low, medium, and high); and medium or high physical activity levels are aligned with or exceed current physical activity recommendations. Participants were classified as having MetS using a commonly agreed upon definition. Multiple logistic regression models examined the association between the three physical activity levels and MetS risk factors and MetS. All analyses adjusted for potential confounding variables and accounted for complex sampling. Results: Of 613 respondents, 72.1% (n=431) were classified as having MetS, and 44.3% (n = 263) had not met physical activity recommendations. Participants with high levels of physical activity had a lower risk of MetS (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.72) and more healthful levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.18, 0.84), blood pressure (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.77), fasting glucose (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.78) than participants categorized as having low physical activity. Conclusions: Physical activity is associated with lower risk of MetS only for participants with the highest level of physical activity, which suggests that physical activity dosage is important to reduce MetS risk in older adults with obesity.

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What is the effect of a combined physical activity and fall prevention intervention enhanced with health coaching and pedometers on older adults’ physical activity levels and mobility-related goals?: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-015-1380-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anne Tiedemann ◽

Serene Paul ◽

Elisabeth Ramsay ◽

Sandra D O’Rourke ◽

Kathryn Chamberlain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Study Protocol ◽

Fall Prevention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Fall Prevention Intervention

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Geospatial Relationships between Awareness and Utilization of Community Exercise Resources and Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults

Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.1155/2014/302690 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher J. Dondzila ◽

Ann M. Swartz ◽

Kevin G. Keenan ◽

Amy E. Harley ◽

Razia Azen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Community Based ◽

Current Health ◽

Health History ◽

Current Health Status ◽

Residential Distance ◽

Gathering Data

Introduction. It is unclear if community-based fitness resources (CBFR) translate to heightened activity levels within neighboring areas. The purpose of this study was to determine whether awareness and utilization of fitness resources and physical activity differed depending on residential distance from CBFR.Methods. Four hundred and seventeen older adults (72.9±7.7years) were randomly recruited from three spatial tiers (≤1.6, >1.6 to ≤3.2, and >3.2 to 8.0 km) surrounding seven senior centers, which housed CBFR. Participants completed questionnaires on health history, CBFR, and physical activity, gathering data on CBFR awareness, utilization, and barriers, overall levels, and predictors to engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA).Results. Across spatial tiers, there were no differences in positive awareness rates of CBFR or CBFR utilization. Engagement in MVPA differed across spatial tiersP<0.001, with the >3.2 to 8.0 km radius having the highest mean energy expenditure. Across all sites, age and income levelP<0.05were significant predictors of low and high amounts of MVPA, respectively, and current health status and lack of interest represented barriers to CBFR utilizationP<0.05.Conclusion. Closer proximity to CBFR did not impact awareness or utilization rates and had an inverse relationship with physical activity.

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Effectiveness of an mHealth Intervention Combining a Smartphone App and Smart Band on Body Composition in an Overweight and Obese Population: Randomized Controlled Trial (EVIDENT 3 Study) (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.21771 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽

Maria Antonia Sanchez-Calavera ◽

Irene Repiso-Gento ◽

Esther G Adalia ◽

J Ignacio Ramirez-Manent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Smartphone App ◽

Mhealth Intervention ◽

Randomized Controlled

BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) is currently among the supporting elements that may contribute to an improvement in health markers by helping people adopt healthier lifestyles. mHealth interventions have been widely reported to achieve greater weight loss than other approaches, but their effect on body composition remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the short-term (3 months) effectiveness of a mobile app and a smart band for losing weight and changing body composition in sedentary Spanish adults who are overweight or obese. METHODS A randomized controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted involving the participation of 440 subjects from primary care centers, with 231 subjects in the intervention group (IG; counselling with smartphone app and smart band) and 209 in the control group (CG; counselling only). Both groups were counselled about healthy diet and physical activity. For the 3-month intervention period, the IG was trained to use a smartphone app that involved self-monitoring and tailored feedback, as well as a smart band that recorded daily physical activity (Mi Band 2, Xiaomi). Body composition was measured using the InBody 230 bioimpedance device (InBody Co., Ltd), and physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS The mHealth intervention produced a greater loss of body weight (–1.97 kg, 95% CI –2.39 to –1.54) relative to standard counselling at 3 months (–1.13 kg, 95% CI –1.56 to –0.69). Comparing groups, the IG achieved a weight loss of 0.84 kg more than the CG at 3 months. The IG showed a decrease in body fat mass (BFM; –1.84 kg, 95% CI –2.48 to –1.20), percentage of body fat (PBF; –1.22%, 95% CI –1.82% to 0.62%), and BMI (–0.77 kg/m2, 95% CI –0.96 to 0.57). No significant changes were observed in any of these parameters in men; among women, there was a significant decrease in BMI in the IG compared with the CG. When subjects were grouped according to baseline BMI, the overweight group experienced a change in BFM of –1.18 kg (95% CI –2.30 to –0.06) and BMI of –0.47 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.80 to –0.13), whereas the obese group only experienced a change in BMI of –0.53 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.86 to –0.19). When the data were analyzed according to physical activity, the moderate-vigorous physical activity group showed significant changes in BFM of –1.03 kg (95% CI –1.74 to –0.33), PBF of –0.76% (95% CI –1.32% to –0.20%), and BMI of –0.5 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.83 to –0.19). CONCLUSIONS The results from this multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial study show that compared with standard counselling alone, adding a self-reported app and a smart band obtained beneficial results in terms of weight loss and a reduction in BFM and PBF in female subjects with a BMI less than 30 kg/m2 and a moderate-vigorous physical activity level. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to ensure that this profile benefits more than others from this intervention and to investigate modifications of this intervention to achieve a global effect. CLINICALTRIAL Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03175614; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03175614. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.1097/MD.0000000000009633

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Relationship between vigorous physical activity and body composition in older adults

Nutrición Hospitalaria ◽

10.20960/nh.03254 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Oliveira ◽

Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco ◽

Mariana Silva ◽

Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola ◽

Héctor Gonzáles-Caro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity

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Attending After-School Physical Activity Club 2 Days a Week Attenuated an Increase in Percentage Body Fat and a Decrease in Fitness Among Adolescent Girls at Risk for Obesity

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117120915679 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 500-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lorraine B. Robbins ◽

Jiying Ling ◽

Fujun Wen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

At Risk ◽

Body Fat ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Intervention Group ◽

After School ◽

Z Score ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Percentage Body Fat

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a 17-week intervention, including an after-school physical activity (PA) club 3 d/wk, on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body mass index (BMI) z score, percentage body fat (%BF), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among fifth to eighth grade girls having a BMI z score ≥0, and explore whether intervention outcomes varied by club attendance (1 vs 2 vs 3 d/wk). Design: Secondary analysis of data from a group randomized controlled trial (N = 1519, 10- to 15-year-old girls: n = 753 intervention; n = 766 control). Setting: Twenty-four Midwestern US schools (n = 12 intervention; n = 12 control). Sample: Subsample (n = 1194 girls) from trial’s intervention (n = 593 girls) and control (n = 601 girls) groups having BMI z scores ≥0. Measures: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/h), BMI z score, %BF, and CRF ([Formula: see text]: mL/kg/min) were estimated at baseline and postintervention. Analysis: Linear mixed-effect models. Results: Intervention group gained less %BF ( B = −0.35, P = .016), and their CRF decreased less ( B = 0.22, P = .010) than the control. Marginally significant findings showed girls attending the club an average of 1 d/wk had greater increases in %BF ( B = 0.33, P = .087) and MVPA ( B = 0.20, P = .083) and a greater decrease in CRF ( B = −0.20, P = .061) than girls attending 3 d/wk. No differences occurred between girls who attended 2 versus 3 d/wk for any outcomes. Conclusions: The intervention attenuated an increase in %BF and a decrease in CRF among girls at risk for obesity from baseline to postintervention. Offering the after-school PA club 2 d/wk may be adequate for achieving outcomes.

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Isotemporal substitution of inactive time with physical activity and time in bed: cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic health in the PREDIMED-Plus study

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-019-0892-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aina M. Galmes-Panades ◽

Veronica Varela-Mato ◽

Jadwiga Konieczna ◽

Julia Wärnberg ◽

Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Time In Bed

Abstract Background This study explored the association between inactive time and measures of adiposity, clinical parameters, obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome components. It further examined the impact of reallocating inactive time to time in bed, light physical activity (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on cardio-metabolic risk factors, including measures of adiposity and body composition, biochemical parameters and blood pressure in older adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2189 Caucasian men and women (age 55–75 years, BMI 27–40 Kg/m2) from the PREDIMED-Plus study (http://www.predimedplus.com/). All participants had ≥3 components of the metabolic syndrome. Inactive time, physical activity and time in bed were objectively determined using triaxial accelerometers GENEActiv during 7 days (ActivInsights Ltd., Kimbolton, United Kingdom). Multiple adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used. Isotemporal substitution regression modelling was performed to assess the relationship of replacing the amount of time spent in one activity for another, on each outcome, including measures of adiposity and body composition, biochemical parameters and blood pressure in older adults. Results Inactive time was associated with indicators of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Reallocating 30 min per day of inactive time to 30 min per day of time in bed was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (all p-values < 0.05). Reallocating 30 min per day of inactive time with 30 min per day of LPA or MVPA was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference, total fat, visceral adipose tissue, HbA1c, glucose, triglycerides, and higher body muscle mass and HDL cholesterol (all p-values < 0.05). Conclusions Inactive time was associated with a poor cardio-metabolic profile. Isotemporal substitution of inactive time with MVPA and LPA or time in bed could have beneficial impact on cardio-metabolic health. Trial registration The trial was registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870) with number 89898870 and registration date of 24 July 2014, retrospectively registered.

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