Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potentials of cinnamon oil and silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis: new avenues for countering resistance

Abstract Background Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) is a contagious pathogen of bovine mastitis. It has financial implications for the dairy cattle industry in certain areas of the world. Since antimicrobial resistance increases in dairy farms, natural antimicrobials from herbal origins and nanoparticles have been given more attention as an alternative therapy. Hence, this study reported the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potentials of cinnamon oil, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and their combination against multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. agalactiae recovered from clinical bovine mastitis in Egypt. Results Our findings revealed that 73% (146/200) of the examined milk samples collected from dairy cows with clinical mastitis were infected with Streptococci species. Of these, 9.59% (14/146) were identified as S. agalactiae and categorized as MDR. S. agalactiae isolates expressed four virulence genes (Hyl, cylE, scpB, and lmb) and demonstrated an ability to produce biofilms. Cinnamon oil showed high antimicrobial (MICs ≤0.063 μg /mL) and antibiofilm (MBIC50 = 4 μg/mL) potentials against planktonic and biofilms of S. agalactiae isolates, respectively. However, AgNPs showed reasonable antimicrobial (MICs ≤16 μg/mL) and relatively low antibiofilm (MBIC50 = 64 μg/mL) activities against screened isolates. Synergistic antimicrobial or additive antibiofilm interactions of cinnamon oil combined with AgNPs were reported for the first time. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that biofilms of S. agalactiae isolates treated with cinnamon oil were more seriously damaged than observed in AgNPs cinnamon oil combination. Moreover, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that cinnamon oil exerted a remarkable down-regulation of pili biosynthesis genes (pilA and pilB) and their regulator (rogB) against S. agalactiae biofilms, meanwhile the AgNPs cinnamon oil combination demonstrated a lower efficacy. Conclusions This is an in vitro preliminary approach that documented the antibiofilm potential of cinnamon oil and the inhibitory activity of cinnamon oil and its combination with AgNPs against MDR S. agalactiae recovered from clinical mastitis. Further in vivo studies should be carried out in animal models to provide evidence of concept for implementing these alternative candidates in the treatment of dairy farms infected by streptococcal mastitis in the future.

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Herbal Compounds Quercetin and Curcumin on Cellular and Molecular Functions of Bovine-Milk-Isolated Neutrophils toward Streptococcus agalactiae Infection

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3286

Author(s):

Purichaya Disbanchong ◽

Wichayaporn Punmanee ◽

Anyaphat Srithanasuwan ◽

Noppason Pangprasit ◽

Kanruethai Wongsawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cellular Migration ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Bacterial Killing ◽

Molecular Functions

Herbal phytochemicals featuring active ingredients including quercetin and curcumin have shown potential in treating human and animal diseases. The current study investigated their potential function in vitro for host immunomodulation associated with Streptococcus agalactiae subclinical bovine mastitis via milk-isolated neutrophils. Our results showed a positive influence on cellular migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing as well as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. This study also highlighted several important molecular aspects of quercetin and curcumin in milk-isolated neutrophils. Gene expression analyses by RT-PCR revealed significant changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL6, and TNF), ROS (CYBA), phagocytosis (LAMP1), and migration (RAC). The expression levels of apoptotic genes or proteins in either pro-apoptosis (CASP3 and FAS) or anti-apoptosis (BCL2, BCL2L1, and CFLAR) were significantly manipulated by the effects of either quercetin or curcumin. A principal component analysis (PCA) identified the superior benefit of quercetin supplementation for increasing both cellular and molecular functions in combating bacterial mastitis. Altogether, this study showed the existing and potential benefits of these test compounds; however, they should be explored further via in vivo studies.

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Anti-Inflammatory Fibronectin-AgNP for Regulation of Biological Performance and Endothelial Differentiation Ability of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22179262 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (17) ◽

pp. 9262

Author(s):

Huey-Shan Hung ◽

Kai-Bo Chang ◽

Cheng-Ming Tang ◽

Tian-Ren Ku ◽

Mei-Lang Kung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Immune Response ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Superior Performance ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Vascular Regeneration ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The engineering of vascular regeneration still involves barriers that need to be conquered. In the current study, a novel nanocomposite comprising of fibronectin (denoted as FN) and a small amount of silver nanoparticles (AgNP, ~15.1, ~30.2 or ~75.5 ppm) was developed and its biological function and biocompatibility in Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and rat models was investigated. The surface morphology as well as chemical composition for pure FN and the FN-AgNP nanocomposites incorporating various amounts of AgNP were firstly characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Among the nanocomposites, FN-AgNP with 30.2 ppm silver nanoparticles demonstrated the best biocompatibility as assessed through intracellular ROS production, proliferation of MSCs, and monocytes activation. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were also examined. FN-AgNP 30.2 ppm significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared to other materials, indicating superior performance of anti-immune response. Mechanistically, FN-AgNP 30.2 ppm significantly induced greater expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal-cell derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) and promoted the migration of MSCs through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) signaling pathway. Besides, in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that FN-AgNP 30.2 ppm stimulated greater protein expressions of CD31 and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) as well as facilitated better endothelialization capacity than other materials. Furthermore, the histological tissue examination revealed the lowest capsule formation and collagen deposition in rat subcutaneous implantation of FN-AgNP 30.2 ppm. In conclusion, FN-AgNP nanocomposites may facilitate the migration and proliferation of MSCs, induce endothelial cell differentiation, and attenuate immune response. These finding also suggests that FN-AgNP may be a potential anti-inflammatory surface modification strategy for vascular biomaterials.

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Wound healing of nanofiber comprising Polygalacturonic/Hyaluronic acid embedded silver nanoparticles: In-vitro and in-vivo studies

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 238 ◽

pp. 116175 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M.R. El-Aassar ◽

Omar M. Ibrahim ◽

Moustafa M.G. Fouda ◽

Nagham G. El-Beheri ◽

Mona M. Agwa

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

In Vivo Studies

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Betulin silver nanoparticles qualify as efficient antimelanoma agents in in vitro and in vivo studies

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 134 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Corina Danciu ◽

Iulia Pinzaru ◽

Dorina Coricovac ◽

Florina Andrica ◽

Ioana Sizemore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

In Vivo Studies

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Temporal analysis of mRNA expression profiles in Orientia infected C3HeB/FeJ mouse

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-019-1684-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chien-Chung Chao ◽

Ruoting Yang ◽

Zhiwen Zhang ◽

Tatyana Belinskaya ◽

Chye-Teik Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Post Infection ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Time Course ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Coagulation Cascade ◽

Global Changes

Abstract Background Scrub typhus causes up to 35% mortality if left untreated. One billion people living in the endemic regions are at risk. In spite of its heavy disease burden in some of the most populated areas in the world, there is no vaccine available. Although the disease can be effectively treated by proper antibiotics, timely and accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. Orientia tsutsugamushi infects a variety of mammalian cells in vitro and replicates in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. Microarray analysis has been used extensively to study host-pathogen interactions in in vitro models to understand pathogenesis. However there is a lack of in vivo studies. Results In this study, C3HeB/FeJ (C3H) mice were infected by O. tsutsugamushi via the intraperitoneal route and monitored gene expression at 10 different time points post infection. We observed two distinct types of expression profiles in the genes that we analyzed. There are two valleys (4–18 h and 2–4 days) with low number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) with three peaks with high number of DEG at 2 h, 1-day and 7-day post infection. Further analysis revealed that pathways like complement and coagulation cascade, and blood clotting cascade pathways showed significant global changes throughout entire time course. Real time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed the change of expression for genes involved in complement and coagulation cascade. These results suggested dynamic regulation of the complement and coagulation cascades throughout most of the time post infection while some other specific pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism, are turned on or off at certain times post infection. Conclusions The findings highlight the complex interconnection among all different biological pathways. It is conceivable that specific pathways such as cell growth control and cell development in the host are affected by Orientia in the initial phase of infection for Orientia to grow intracellularly. Once Orientia is replicating successfully inside the host as infection progresses, the infection could activate pathways involved in cellular immune responses to defend for host cell survival and try to eliminate the pathogen.

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ORAL DELIVERY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES – A REVIEW

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i11.42986 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

VEDAMURTHY JOSHI ◽

FIRDOS SULTHANA ◽

DINESHA RAMADAS

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Drug Absorption ◽

Oral Delivery ◽

English Language ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Recent Trends

Silver nanoparticles (NP) offer many applications in the science and technology. Oral delivery of such tiny particles results in enhanced drug absorption, reduction in dose, and minimize adverse effects. This review focuses on the mainly on the effects in the gastrointestinal tract along with its in vitro and in vivo studies carried on the silver NP. In this review, we compiled some of the extensive research in the field of silver NP, highlighting some of the most recent trends in the area. Search was carried in English language using Science direct, PubMed, and Google scholar search engines. The effects of silver NP on gastrointestinal tract such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination were compiled in this review. In addition, selected in vitro and in vivo studies related to the same are discussed. The accumulation of silver NP leading to Arginia condition also emphasized in the study. Silver NP and herbal silver NP in oral delivery can be exploited for the further safer and effective treatment.

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Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of collagen scaffolds crosslinked with aminosilane functionalized silver nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo studies

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c4tb02124j ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (15) ◽

pp. 3032-3043 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Abhishek Mandal ◽

Santhanam Sekar ◽

N. Chandrasekaran ◽

Amitava Mukherjee ◽

Thotapalli P. Sastry

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Collagen Scaffolds ◽

Novel Approach

This work presents a novel approach for functionalization of silver nanoparticles and cross-linking them with collagen to form FSCSC scaffolds suitable for clinical applications.

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