scholarly journals Horses’ rejection behaviour towards the presence of Senecio jacobaea L. in hay

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Sroka ◽  
Clara Müller ◽  
Marie-Lena Hass ◽  
Anja These ◽  
Sabine Aboling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Chronic Intoxication ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background Senecio jacobaea contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can induce severe hepatic intoxication in horses, either acute when ingested in high amounts or chronic when consumed over a long period. The aim of this study was to determine horses’ rejection behaviour towards the presence of Senecio jacobaea in hay when fed ad libitum. We hypothesized that adult horses can sort Senecio jacobaea out of the contaminated hay when hay is fed ad libitum. Six warmblood geldings with a mean (±SD) age of 15 ± 2 years were included. In a randomized study, Senecio jacobaea contaminated hay (5% or 10% contamination level) was provided at several timepoints over the day for 1 hour to six. Hay was provided ad libitum for the rest of the day. The horses’ rejection behaviour towards Senecio jacobaea was observed. If a horse ingested two Senecio jacobaea plants twice at different timepoints, then the horse was excluded from the experiment. Results Two out of six horses had to be excluded from the study after three out of 12 observation periods due to repeated Senecio jacobaea intake. Two other horses had to be excluded after nine and 11 out of 12 observation periods. Only two horses were able to sort out the various amounts (5 and 10% contamination level) of Senecio jacobaea during the whole experiment. Conclusions Horses’ intake of Senecio jacobaea cannot be avoided despite being fed with hay ad libitum. Due to the risk of chronic intoxication by pyrrolizidine alkaloids intake, feeding Senecio jacobaea contaminated hay must be avoided, and pastures with Senecio jacobaea growth are considered inappropriate for feed production.

Herbicides compromise biological control of ragwort

2002 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
K. Betteridge ◽  
D. Costall
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Longitarsus Jacobaeae ◽  
High Ester ◽  
Low Levels

In spite of ragwort flea beetle (RFB) being present on a Dannevirke dairy farm, pastures were sprayed each winter to reduce ragwort density and limit the risk of ragwort poisoning of stock. The trial on this farm from June 1999 - October 2001, aimed to determine whether herbicide (H) impacted on RFB and how H and RFB each impacted on ragwort growth and persistence. RFBfree areas were created by spraying with insecticide (I). Effects of ragwort on animal health are also reported. High ester 2,4-D (H) boom-sprayed once only, in June 1999, killed most ragwort plants and reduced RFB larvae densities to low levels before the plants died. Once new ragwort established in treatment H, the plants became infested with RFB larvae. RFB larvae were suppressed by I resulting in ragwort density declining more slowly than in treatments where RFB were not suppressed. Insecticide treatments were stopped after 15 months and, at 24 months, ragwort could not be found within the trial area. Ragwort control was attributed to the cessation of herbicide spraying allowing the RFB population to reach a sufficient density to kill both small and large ragwort plants. Sub-clinical ragwort poisoning was found in livers of culled cows that had grazed on ragwort-dense pastures. Keywords: animal health, biological control, Longitarsus jacobaeae, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, ragwort, ragwort flea beetle, Senecio jacobaea

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: their occurrence in honey from tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.)

Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 195 (4277) ◽  
pp. 497-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Deinzer ◽  
P. Thomson ◽  
D. Burgett ◽  
D. Isaacson
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Tansy Ragwort

Sequestration, N-Oxidation and Transformation of Plant Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids by the Arctiid Moth Tyria jacobaeae L

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1185-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelheid Ehmke ◽  
Ludger Witte ◽  
Andreas Biller ◽  
Thomas Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Tyria Jacobaeae ◽  
Arctiid Moth ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Larvae of the arctiid moth Tyria jacobaeae reared on Senecio jacobaea or S. vulgaris take up and store pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from their host plants. Individual PAs are taken up without preference. The PA patterns found in the insect bodies correspond to the PA composi­tion of their host plants. Like plants the insects store PAs as N-oxides, and larvae as well as pupae are specifically able to N -oxidize any tertiary PA. Callimorphine (O9-(2-methyl-2-acetoxybutanoyl)-retronecine), an insect PA well known from several arctiids, was found in pupae and imagines of Tyria which as larvae had been fed on S. jacobaea. It is accompanied by small amounts of its isomer O7-(2-methyl-2-acetoxybutanoyl)-retronecine named isocallimor-phine. The callimorphines may well account for 45% of total PAs found in the insect. Only small amounts of callimorphine were detected in pupae of Tyria which as larvae had been fed on S. vulgaris. [14C]Callimorphine N -oxide was isolated and identified from Tyria pupae which as larvae received [14C]retronecine. It is suggested that Tyria is able to esterify retronecine, derived from hydrolysis of ingested plant PAs with a necic acid produced by the insect. During metamorphosis the formation of callimorphine is restricted to the early stage of pupa­tion.

scholarly journals The Effects of Experimentally Manipulated Social Status and Food Insecurity on Acute Eating Behavior and Risk for Obesity Among Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Study (P21-058-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Cardel ◽  
Gregory Pavela ◽  
David Janicke ◽  
Akilah Dulin ◽  
Tianyao Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Status Position

Abstract Objectives Subjective and objective social status is associated with weight status, but this relationship differs by sex and the mechanisms remain unclear. Methods This randomized study in Hispanic adolescents investigated the effects of experimentally manipulated social status on ad libitum acute and 24-hour dietary intakes and stress-related outcomes as potential mechanisms through which social status affects weight. Participants (n = 133; ages 15–21; 60.2% girls; BMI ≥18.5 and ≤40 kg/m2; 23.4% food insecure) consumed a standardized breakfast and then were randomized to a low (LOW) or high social status position (HIGH) in a rigged game of Monopoly™, in which the rules differed substantially by social status position. Following the game, the participants consumed an ad libitum lunchtime meal. Energy intake was assessed by pre- and post- food weighing. Stress-related markers were measured at baseline, before Monopoly™, after Monopoly™, and after lunch, with the exception of cortisol (measured before and after Monopoly™). Results There was a significant interaction between sex and experimentally manipulated social status (P = 0.0087), such that girls randomized to LOW consumed significantly more of their daily energy needs at the ad libitum lunchtime meal relative to those randomized to HIGH (37.5% vs. 34.3%, respectively). Individuals with food insecurity consumed a greater % of their daily energy needs at the lunchtime meal than those with food security, although the result was not quite statistically significant (40.7% vs. 36.3%, respectively; P = 0.08). In LOW, participants report decreased feelings of powerfulness following Monopoly™ (P = 0.0006). There were no significant differences between HIGH and LOW following Monopoly™ regarding perceived stress, cortisol, heart rate, or blood pressure. Social status condition was not related to 24-hour % of daily energy needs consumed. Conclusions Our data suggest a causal link between experimentally manipulated low social status and increased acute energy intakes among Hispanic girls, potentially influenced by decreased feelings of powerfulness, which is independent of stress. Low social status may play a causal role in the development of obesity by promoting excess calorie consumption. Further research is needed to identify the biobehavioral mechanisms contributing to this phenomenon. Funding Sources NIH. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Hydrolysis rates of pyrrolizidine alkaloids derived from Senecio jacobaea

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 725-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Dueker ◽  
M. W. Lamé ◽  
H. J. Segall
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Hydrolysis Rates
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