scholarly journals Insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against Anopheles arabiensis under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desta Ejeta ◽  
Ansha Asme ◽  
Animut Asefa
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Insecticidal Effect

Abstract Background The emergence and spread of resistant strains of malaria vectors to chemical insecticides are becoming major problems for malaria vector management. Natural plant products have a vital role to play in the current challenge of malaria control. The current study was conducted to evaluate insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods Primarily, ethnobotanical plants used for Anopheles mosquito control were surveyed in Dangur district, northwestern Ethiopia. Insecticide-susceptible strains of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito were reared in the insectary of the Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Assosa University. After surveying plants used for mosquito control in local people, four frequently used plants were identified for extraction. The larvicidal and adulticidal potential of frequently used plant extracts against susceptible strains of the laboratory colony were evaluated. Results A total of 15 plants were identified as ethnobotanical plants that help local people with mosquito control. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum lamiifolium, Ocimum americanum, Moringa olifeira leaf, and Moringa olifeira seed species of local plants were found to be frequently used to kill and/or repel mosquitoes in the study district. All the plant extracts were found to have potential larvicidal activity against fourth instar larvae of An. arabiensis and only ethanol and methanol extract of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum lamiifolium were found to have potential adulticidal effect against adult of An. arabiensis. The highest larvicidal activity was observed in ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica with 95% larval mortality and lowest Lethal Concentration 50 (LC 50) of 40.73parts per million (ppm) and LC90 of 186.66 ppm. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extract of Azadirachta indica with 75% adult mortality at 300 ppm and lowest LC50 of 106.65 ppm and LC90 of 1,293 ppm. The lowest larvicidal and adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extracts of Ocimum lamiifolium with 63.35% larval mortality and leaf extract of Moringa olifeira with 50% adult mortality at 300 ppm, respectively. Conclusion Ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica exerted a remarkable larvicidal effect against An. arabiensis and thus it can be used for botanical mosquito insecticide development. Since the current finding is based on susceptible strain of An. arabiensis, further work on wild mosquitoes is recommended.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Effect of Ethnobotanical Plant Extracts Against Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) Under Laboratory Condition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desta Ejeta Fereda ◽  
Ansha Asme ◽  
Animut Asefa
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Insecticidal Effect

Abstract Background: The emergence and spread of resistant strains of malaria vectors to chemical insecticides are becoming major problem for malaria vector management. Natural plant products play a vital role to resolve the current challenge of malaria control.Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in Northwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Primarily, ethnobotanical plants used for Anopheles mosquito control was surveyed in Dangur district, Northwestern Ethiopia. Insecticide susceptible strains of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito were reared in insectary of tropical and infectious diseases research center, Assosa university. The larvicidal and adulticidal potentials of frequently used plant extracts against susceptible strains of laboratory colony were evaluated.Result: A total of fifteen plants were identified as ethnobotanical plants helping the local people for mosquito control. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum lamiifolium, Ocimum americanum, Moringa olifiera leaf, and Moringa olifiera seed species of local plants were found to be frequently used to kill and/or repel mosquitoes in the study district. All the plant extracts were found to have potential larvicidal activity against 4th instar larvae of An. arabiensis and only ethanol and methanol extract of A. indica and O. lamiifolium were found to have potential adulticidal effect against adult of An. arabiensis. The highest larvicidal activity was observed in ethanol extract of A. indica with 95% larval mortality and lowest LC50 of 40.73 ppm and LC90 of 186.66 ppm. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extract of A. indica with 75% adult mortality at 300 ppm and lowest LC50 of 106.65ppm and LC90 of 1293ppm. The lowest larvicidal and adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extracts of O. lamiifolium with 63.35% larval mortality and leaf extract of M. olifiera with 50% adult mortality at 300 ppm, respectively.Conclusion: ethanol extract of A. indica exerted a remarkable larvicidal effect against An. arabiensis and thus it can be used for botanical mosquito insecticide development.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Effect of Ethnobotanical Plant Extracts Against Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) Under Laboratory Condition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desta Ejeta Fereda ◽  
Ansha Asme ◽  
Animut Asefa
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Insecticidal Effect

Abstract BackgroundThe emergence and spread of resistant strains of malaria vectors to chemical insecticides are becoming major problem for malaria vector management. Natural plant products play a vital role to resolve the current challenge of malaria control. ObjectiveThe current study was conducted to evaluate insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in Northwestern Ethiopia. MethodsPrimarily, ethnobotanical plants used for Anopheles mosquito control was surveyed in Dangur district, Northwestern Ethiopia. Insecticide susceptible strains of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito were reared in insectary of tropical and infectious diseases research center, Assosa university. The larvicidal and adulticidal potentials of frequently used plant extracts against susceptible strains of laboratory colony were evaluated. ResultA total of fifteen plants were identified as ethnobotanical plants helping the local people for mosquito control. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum lamiifolium, Ocimum americanum, Moringa olifiera leaf, and Moringa olifiera seed species of local plants were found to be frequently used to kill and/or repel mosquitoes in the study district. All the plant extracts were found to have potential larvicidal activity against 4th instar larvae of An. arabiensis and only ethanol and methanol extract of A. indica and O. lamiifolium were found to have potential adulticidal effect against adult of An. arabiensis. The highest larvicidal activity was observed in ethanol extract of A. indica with 95% larval mortality and lowest LC50 of 40.73 ppm and LC90 of 186.66 ppm. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extract of A. indica with 75% adult mortality at 300 ppm and lowest LC50 of 106.65ppm and LC90 of 1293ppm. The lowest larvicidal and adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extracts of O. lamiifolium with 63.35% larval mortality and leaf extract of M. olifiera with 50% adult mortality at 300 ppm, respectively. Conclusionethanol extract of A. indica exerted a remarkable larvicidal effect against An. arabiensis and thus it can be used for botanical mosquito insecticide development.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and insecticidal effects of essential oil and plant extracts of Myrcia oblongata DC in pathogenic bacteria and Alphitobius diaperinus

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Santana ◽  
J. G. L. Souza ◽  
A. G. Toledo ◽  
L. F. A. Alves ◽  
D. S. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Alphitobius Diaperinus ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Abstract The secondary metabolism products of plants have influenced great economic interest, given their chemical diversity and biological activities. Because of this, this study evaluates the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, insecticidal, and antioxidant activity of plant extracts and oil of Myrcia oblongata. Saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids were detected. The extracts showed antimicrobial capacity on the tested microorganisms, except for the methanolic extract, which showed no activity for P. mirabilis and S. enteritidis. Regarding the analysis of antioxidant compounds, the hexanic, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts showed higher antioxidant activities and also higher insecticidal performance on Alphitobius diaperinus larvae, resulting in 80% adult mortality. The results reported here show that there may be a relationship between antioxidant potential and the insecticidal effect of Myrcia oblongata DC. The components present in both the extract and the oil can be used as natural alternative to synthetic compounds in the biological control of parasites and pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Piscicidal Effects of Terminalia arjuna Leaf, Bark and Fruit Extract on a Fresh Water Predatory Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suely Akter ◽  
Hossain M. Zabed ◽  
Munira Nasiruddin ◽  
Xianghui Qi
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Absolute Ethanol ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Fruit Extracts

Piscicidal effects of several solvent extarcts (distilled water, 50% ethanol, absolute ethanol and 80% methanol) of Terminalia arjuna leaves, barks and fruits were studied against a common fresh water predatory fish, Heteropneustes fossilis under laboratory conditions in terms of Behavior and mortality of fishes after 24 h. Fishes exposed to plant extracts showed agitating movement with quick surfacing, loss of balance, mucus secretion, and finally died. The LC50 values of distilled water, 50% ethanol, absolute ethanol and 80% methanol extracts were found to be 311.726, 236.141, 183.541, 478.794 ppm for leaves, 117.894, 96.998, 38.990, 304.193 ppm for barks and 1400.033, 949.209, 555.201, 875.158 ppm for fruits, respectively. Chi-square values were found to be insignificant at P<0.05 in almost all plant extracts, indicating that observed and expected mortalities did not vary significantly in relation to doses, except 80% methanol extract of barks and absolute ethanol extract of fruits. The F-values of treatments were significant at P<0.01, except 80% methanol extract of fruits, in which F-values were insignificant in all replicates at P>0.01. Based on LC50 values, order of piscicidal activity followed the pattern, bark > leaf > fruit extracts. Order of piscicidal activity for the extracts was like absolute ethanol > 50% ethanol > distilled water > 80% methanol for leaf and bark, while for fruit extracts, trend was like absolute ethanol > 80% methanol > 50% ethanol > distilled water.

scholarly journals How long is long enough? Decreasing effects in Aedes aegypti larval mortality by plant extracts over time

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Gilberto Dinis Cozzer ◽  
Renan de Souza Rezende ◽  
Junir Antônio Lutinski ◽  
Walter Antônio Roman ◽  
Maria Assunta Busato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Human Intoxication ◽  
Short Time

Aedes aegypti has overcome all kinds of mosquito control attempts over the last century. Strategies for population control resorts to the use of synthetic insecticides, which can lead to problems like human intoxication and environmental contamination. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate), and Ilex theezans (caúna herb) extracts against A. aegypti larvae were evaluated. The bioassays were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions of temperature (27 ± 3°C) and photoperiod (12 h). Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of I. theezans displayed better residual effect compared to the aqueous extract of I. paraguariensis fruits. The strongest residual effect of I. theezans was probably due to the presence of certain chemicals in its leaves, such as coumarins, hemolytic saponins, and cyanogenic glucosides, which were absent in I. paraguariensis. The results herein contributed to the prospection of natural insecticides and opened the possibility for subsequent studies on the use of plant extracts in field situations in a short-time scale.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Larvicidal Activities of Parthenium Hysterophorus L. Against Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae), the Major Malaria Vector in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihretu Nigatu Tarekegn ◽  
Yitbarek Wolde-hawariat ◽  
Sisay Dugassa ◽  
Habte Tekie
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Larvicidal Activities

Abstract Background: Malaria is a leading public health problem in Ethiopia despite the implementation of effective indoor vector control strategies over several decades. Vector control operations in the country largely depend on the application of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) of synthetic insecticides and Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) which resulted in a significant reduction in the malaria burden. The spread of resistance to insecticides in these indoor vector control tools in vector species is a serious challenge. Alternatively, reports indicate that botanicals which are relatively safe possess toxic compounds with high larvicidal activities. However, there are limited evidences on the larvicidal effect of botanicals against the malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis . This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activities of the extracts of the roots, stems, and leaves of Parthenium hysterophorus against the 4 th instar larvae of An. arabiensis . Methods: Field collected leaves, stems and root parts of P. hysterophorus were dried and separately ground to powder and extracted in petroleum ether, hexane, acetone, and ethanol solvents. The extracts were concentrated using a Rota evaporator, and stock solutions were subject to serial dilutions for use as test concentrations. Laboratory reared 4 th instar larvae of An. arabiensis were used for the larvicidal bioassays. Mortality data were subjected probit analysis to determine LC 50 and LC 90 of the extracts. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in percentage larval mortalities (P<0.05) among different concentrations of the leaf, stem, and root solvent extracts, respectively. Hexane extracts of leaves and stem of P. hysterophorus at 480ppm caused the highest mortality of 4 th larval instar of An. arabiensis (85% and 96.7%, respectively) compared to those of ethanolic, acetone, and petroleum ether extracts of these plant parts. Petroleum ether extracts of the root of P. hysterophorus were the most effective in causing very high larval mortality at 360ppm and 480ppm (98.3%). The LC 50 value of petroleum ether root extract (10.7ppm) and LC 90 value of petroleum ether root extract (105.5ppm) were significantly lower than those of ethanol, acetone, and hexane root extracts, respectively. Conclusion: Petroleum ether root extract of P. hysterophorus has remarkably high larvicidal potential against 4 th instar larvae of An. arabiensis which could be exploited for malaria vector control. Further studies on the larvicidal efficacy of the extracts under field conditions and identification of the bioactive components in the root parts of this weed plant are recommended.

scholarly journals Suitability of Some Botanical Pesticides (Neem, Garlic and Red Chili) against Dry Fish Insects (Dermestes sp. Larvae and Necrobia sp. Adult)

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
AAKM Nowsad ◽  
R Mondal ◽  
MN Hassan ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Botanical Pesticides ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Acetone extracts of red chili (Capsicum frutescens), garlic (Allium sativum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) were used to evaluate their insecticidal effects against a dry fish beetle, Dermestes sp. larvae and a mite, Necrobia sp. adult. The concentration of plant extracts were 60, 80 and 100% for Dermestes sp. larvae and 10, 15 and 20% for Necrobia sp. adult. The mortality of Necrobia sp. at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT) indicated that red chili extract possessed the highest insecticidal effect followed by neem and garlic. Mortality was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of plant extracts. For Necrobia sp. (adult) LC50 values of red chili, neem and garlic were 0.78, 0.85 and 1.68%, respectively at 24 HAT. Red chili was found to possess the highest insecticidal effect among these three with the highest toxic effect at 48 HAT (0.29%) and 72 HAT (0.03%). For the larvae of Dermestes sp., the LC50 values of red chili was 0.60%, neem 0.69% and garlic 1.15% at 24 HAT, again indicating that red chili had the highest insecticidal effect on dry fish insects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16756 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 93 - 103, 2010

scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity of Two Cymbopogon Species Leaf Extracts and Essential Oils against Anopheles gambiae Gilles (Diptera: Culicidae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aurore Christelle Sengue Batti ◽  
Lame Younoussa ◽  
Elias Nchiwan Nukenine ◽  
Mallam Kary Oumarou ◽  
Abraham Fomena
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extracts

Aims: The present investigation aimed to assess the toxic effect of hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus against 3rd and 4th instar of Anopheles gambiae larvae under laboratory conditions. Place and Duration of Study: Plant products were extracted from November 2017 to February 2018 in the Chemistry laboratory, while the larvicidal tests were conducted from April to June 2018 in the laboratory of Applied Zoology of the Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon. Methodology: Twenty five (25) 3rd and 4th instars of An. gambiae were subjected to methanol, acetone and methanol plant extracts of the two plants at doses of 1000, 500, 250 and 125 mg/L each while their essential oils were tested at concentrations of 200, 100, 50 and 25 mg/L. Dichlovos tested at the recommended dose of 1000 mg/L was performed as positive control while 1mL of tween-80 in 99 mL of natural breeding site water was used as negative control. Larval mortality was recorded after 24 h post treatment for plant extracts and after 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h post-exposure for plant essential oils. Results: At the highest concentration of 1000 mg/L, C. citratus extract caused 100% mortality of mosquito larvae while 84, 81 and 88% mortality of larvae were recorded with hexane, acetone and methanol leaf extract of C. giganteus, respectively. C. citratus (LC50=58.32 mg/L) and C. giganteus (LC50=372.36 mg/L) hexane extracts were more potent than acetone and methanol extracts of the plants. C. citratus extracts were the most effective against larvae compared to C. giganteus extracts. Essential oil of C. citratus (LC50=27.98 mg/L after 1h) was also the most toxic on mosquito larvae compared to C. giganteus (LC50=180.07 mg/L after 1h) essential oil. Conclusion: C. citratus plant and specially its hexane extract and essential oil could be taken into consideration as a new source of botanical insecticide and may be used in the mosquito control programs for An. gambiae larvae elimination in their breeding sites.

scholarly journals Proximate, GC-FID, and micronutrient analysis of ex-tracts of azadirachta indica

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Amadi Benjamin ◽  
Emelieze Mary ◽  
Ogunka-Nnoka Charity ◽  
Agomuo Nnabugwu ◽  
Amadi Peter
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Different extraction media applied on the pulverized leaves of Neem plant (Azadirachta indica) were analyzed for its proximate, phytochemical, and micronutrient compositions, predominantly using the gas chromatographic technique. The results showed that the ethanol extract contained the highest amounts of carbohydrates and fibre. No significant difference (p>0.05) was recorded for the protein and ash content of both ethanol and methanol extracts, while the moisture and fat contents occurred highest in aqueous and methanol extracts respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the absence of glycosides in all the extracts while steroids were found only in methanol and ethanol extracts. The aqueous extracts contained greater amounts of epicate chin (13.42%), lunamarine (5.81%), tannin (19.18%) and phytates (0.27%), but lacked anthocyanin, phenol and kaempferol, while rutin (77.54%), ribalinidine (2.06%), oxalate (1.23%), anthocyanin (1.16%), and sparteine (0.05%) occurred highest in the ethanol extract. Only sparteine was lacking in the methanol extract. No significant difference was recorded between the aqueous and ethanol extracts for the vitamin A, D, C, and B2­ contents, while except for vitamin B3 (0.22mg/100g) and vitamin K (0.08mg/100g), 08mg/100g), the methanol extracts contained the least amounts of the vitamins evaluated. Manganese, zinc, copper, calcium and lead contents of the methanol extract were significantly higher than those of the other extracts while the aqueous extract contained the highest amount of sodium. This study has provided the scientific backing for the application of a specific extraction medium during the exploitation of distinct phytochemicals, while water, ethanol, and methanol should be the preferred extraction media for vitamins, proximate and dietary mineral contents respectively. 

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