scholarly journals A collective tracking method for preliminary sperm analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Yang Wei ◽  
Hsuan-Hao Chao ◽  
Han-Ping Huang ◽  
Chang Francis Hsu ◽  
Sheng-Hsiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Point Tracking

Abstract Background Total motile sperm count (TMSC) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) are two important parameters in preliminary semen analysis for male infertility. Traditionally, both parameters are evaluated manually by embryologists or automatically using an expensive computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) instrument. The latter applies a point-tracking method using an image processing technique to detect, recognize and classify each of the target objects, individually, which is complicated. However, as semen is dense, manual counting is exhausting while CASA suffers from severe overlapping and heavy computation. Methods We proposed a simple frame-differencing method that tracks motile sperms collectively and treats their overlapping with a statistical occupation probability without heavy computation. The proposed method leads to an overall image of all of the differential footprint trajectories (DFTs) of all motile sperms and thus the overall area of the DFTs in a real-time manner. Accordingly, a theoretical DFT model was also developed to formulate the overall DFT area of a group of moving beads as a function of time as well as the total number and average speed of the beads. Then, using the least square fitting method, we obtained the optimal values of the TMSC and the average VCL that yielded the best fit for the theoretical DFT area to the measured DFT area. Results The proposed method was used to evaluate the TMSC and the VCL of 20 semen samples. The maximum TMSC evaluated using the method is more than 980 sperms per video frame. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between the two series of TMSC obtained using the method and the CASA instrument is 0.946. The PCC between the two series of VCL obtained using the method and CASA is 0.771. As a consequence, the proposed method is as accurate as the CASA method in TMSC and VCL evaluations. Conclusion In comparison with the individual point-tracking techniques, the collective DFT tracking method is relatively simple in computation without complicated image processing. Therefore, incorporating the proposed method into a cell phone equipped with a microscopic lens can facilitate the design of a simple sperm analyzer for clinical or household use without advance dilution.

Effect of Panax notoginseng Extracts on Inferior Sperm Motility in vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Chou Chen ◽  
Ming-Xiong Xu ◽  
Leih-Der Chen ◽  
Yan-Nian Chen ◽  
Tsan Hung Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
World Health ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng extracts on inferior sperm motility in vitro. Semen samples were collected from 23 patients with sperm motility between 20% and 40%. The sperm count was over 20 × 106/ml in accordance with the World Health Organization standard. 1.0 mg/ml and 2.0 mg/ml of Panax notoginseng extracts including aqueous extract, n-butanol extract, and polysaccharide fraction on sperm motility and progression were evaluated by computer assisted semen analysis. The results demonstrated that sperm motility as well as progression on inferior sperm motility were enhanced at 1 hour and 2 hours after incubation with all three types of extracts.

scholarly journals Real-Time Video Road Sign Detection and Tracking using Image Processing and Autonomous Car

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 495-500
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Road Sign ◽  
Sign Detection

Detection and monitoring of real-time road signs are becoming today's study in the autonomous car industry. The number of car users in Malaysia risen every year as well as the rate of car crashes. Different types, shapes, and colour of road signs lead the driver to neglect them, and this attitude contributing to a high rate of accidents. The purpose of this paper is to implement image processing using the real-time video Road Sign Detection and Tracking (RSDT) with an autonomous car. The detection of road signs is carried out by using Video and Image Processing technique control in Python by applying deep learning process to detect an object in a video’s motion. The extracted features from the video frame will continue to template matching on recognition processes which are based on the database. The experiment for the fixed distance shows an accuracy of 99.9943% while the experiment with the various distance showed the inversely proportional relation between distances and accuracies. This system was also able to detect and recognize five types of road signs using a convolutional neural network. Lastly, the experimental results proved the system capability to detect and recognize the road sign accurately.

Improved sperm motility after 4 h of ejaculatory abstinence: role of accessory sex gland secretions

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Dale Goss ◽  
Bashir Ayad ◽  
Gerhard van der Horst ◽  
Bongekile Skosana ◽  
Stefan S. du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Abstinence Period ◽  
Ejaculatory Abstinence

Various studies have sought to determine the typical v. optimal abstinence period after which semen samples should be collected, with many contradictory results reported. Several factors influence the semen microenvironment, and thus sperm parameters. In this study we focused on the secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles and the epididymis. Semen samples were obtained from healthy normozoospermic males (n=16) after 4-day and 4-h periods of ejaculatory abstinence, and standard semen analysis was performed using computer-aided sperm analysis, whereas seminal plasma citric acid, neutral α-glucosidase and fructose concentrations were measured using assay kits. There were significant decreases in total sperm count (P<0.001), sperm concentration (P<0.05) and semen volume (P<0.05) after 4h compared with 4 days ejaculatory abstinence. Furthermore, increases were observed in total sperm motility (P<0.05) and sperm progressive motility (P<0.01) after a 4-h abstinence period, accompanied by significant reductions in citric acid (P<0.05), α-glucosidase (P<0.01) and fructose (P<0.01) concentrations. In addition, due to the decreased number of spermatozoa, these concentrations translated to a significant decrease in fructose (P<0.05) per spermatozoon, indicating an intrinsic mechanism capitalising on alternative sources of energy for increased metabolic function and subsequent sperm motility.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the post-thawed Balinese bull semen extended in three different extenders and equilibration times

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
A. S. Amal ◽  
R. I. Arifiantini ◽  
M. A. Setiadi ◽  
S. Said
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Osmotic Swelling ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Sperm Survival ◽  
Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis

The objectives of the present study were to compare and determine the best post-thawed characteristics of balinese bull sperm cryopreserved in three different extenders; animal based (Tris-clarified egg yolk (Tris-cEY)), and non-animal based extenders (Bioxcell® (lecithin based) and Optixcell® (liposome based)) in combination with three different equilibration times (30 minutes, 2 hours, 4hours). Thirty six ejaculates were collected from six Balinese bulls and frozen in three extenders (Tris-cEY, Bioxcell® and Optixcell®) after equilibration in three different times (30 minutes, 2hours and 4hours). Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) and eosin nigrosin staining were used in the post-thawed semen analysis. There was a significant interaction between equilibration time and extender type for sperm motility, viability and membrane integrity. Thirty minutes equilibration time had the lowest values (P<0.05) for all the evaluated parameters independent of extender type. Overall, semen extended in Tris-cEY, Bioxcell® and Optixcell® were similarly better when equilibrated at 4 hours (P>0.05). Moreover, post-thawed semen which were extended in Optixcell® for 2 hours equilibration showed a better motility compared with the other extenders (P<0.05). In conclusion, two hours equilibration of semen with Optixcell® is sufficient for semen freezing. Four hours equilibration has the best sperm survival, independent of the extender type.

scholarly journals Assessment of an iPad-based Sperm Motility Analyzer for Determination of Canine Sperm Motility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Bulkeley ◽  
Christine Collins ◽  
Azarene Foutouhi ◽  
Kris Gonzales ◽  
Heather Power ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Alternative Measurement ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Casa System ◽  
Progressive Assessment

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and accuracy of canine sperm motility (total and progressive) assessment with a tablet-based Canine iSperm ® instrument compared to computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The experiment used fresh and frozen/thawed canine semen samples for comparisons of semen analysis parameters (concentration, total motility, and progressive motility) between a CASA system, iSperm ®, and NucleoCounter ® SP-100 ™ (concentration) instruments. Spearman’s Rho correlational analysis was used to identify significant associations between motility assessment methods. Significant positive correlations were found between CASA assessment and iSperm ® for both progressive and total motility measurements. We also determined the coefficient of variation (CV) for repeatability of sample analysis for iSperm ® and CASA for fresh sperm, wherein each sample was assessed 10 times on both devices. For fresh and frozen-thawed samples, concentration assessment by iSperm ® showed high variability (CV= 19.9 ± 1.5%). For iSperm ® assessment of total and progressive motility, the CV’s were 6.3 ± 0.5% and 10.7 ± 0.8%, respectively. The results indicate that the iSperm ® application offers an accurate and alternative measurement of motility to traditional CASA analysis, though caution should be taken when assessing concentration due to the high CV observed in this study.

scholarly journals Comparison of Success Rate and Complications of Open Inguinal and Subinguinal Varicocelectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadrollah Mehrabi ◽  
Fataneh shojaeizadeh ◽  
Leila Manzouri ◽  
Amir Mehrabi
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Time Of Operation

Abstract Background: Varicocele is the most common surgically correctable cause of infertility in men. The aim of this study was comparing the success rate and complications of open inguinal and subinguinal varicocelectomy.Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 2017 to 2018. Sixty six patients that met inclusion criteria for varicocelectomy (persistent pain or impaired spermogram) were sequentially randomly allocated to inguinal and subinguinal varicocelectomy. Sperm analysis was performed in all patients before surgery. One week, one and three months after the operation patients were visited and evaluated for pain intensity (using visual analog scale) and complications( recurrence, hematoma, scrotal swelling, infection, hydrocele formation and numbness). Follow- up spermogram was done three months after varicocelectomy to evaluate the success of operation. Results: Mean time of operation was17.33±2.18 and 22.48± 4.45 minutes in the subinguinal and inguinal varicocelectomy method, respectively (p=0.001, CI95%=3.41-6.89). Semen analysis three months after surgery showed that there was no significant differences between semen volume (p=0.85), sperm count (p=0.09), sperm density (p=0.13), normal morphology (p=0.07) and motility (p=0.47) in both groups. There was no significant difference in pain density one week (p=0.51), one (p=0.29) and three months (p=0.67) after surgery between two groups. There wasn't any significant difference between two groups regarding recurrence of varicocele (p=0.67). Conclusions: In this study subinguinal varicocelectomy was superior to inguinal method due to less time of operation. However, there was no significant difference in postoperative complications and improvement of spermogram. Further studies with longer period of follow-up are recommended to compare fertility rate in inguinal and subinguinal varicocelectomy.Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT201710131323N12, Registered 20 October 2017, Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/581

scholarly journals Contribution of Ayurveda in the Management of Ksheena Shukra Vikara with Special Reference to Asthenozoospermia: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Manju Mohan ◽  
Sawarkar Punam ◽  
Sawarkar Gaurav
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Patient Reported

Background: Male Infertility is one of the burning issues now a day’s nevertheless disregarded reproductive health problems in India. Incidences of this issue expands day by day because of the disturbing lifestyle pattern. Almost 30-40-% of infertility cases found to be related to male factor. Asthenozoospermia is the most common identifiable anomaly related to male infertility found in semen analysis having reduced motility of sperm. Aim and Objectives: To assess the efficacy of Ayurvedic management (Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa) in the management of Ksheena Shukra Vikara w.s.r. to Asthenozoospermia. Methods: It is a single case study. A 33-year-old male patient who was already diagnosed with Asthenozoospermia for three years approached to Pancharkarma OPD. Sperm motility was only 12%. The patient was treated with Shodhana Chikitsa (Vamana and Virechana with Mahatiktaka Ghritapana and Dashmooladi Niruha Vasti and Uttarvasti with Vidaryadi Ghrita followed by Shamana Chikitsa (Tab Neo Charak Pharmacy, Tab Addyzoa, Chandraprabha Vati, Paripathadi Kashaya, Ashwagandhadi Yamaka, Avipattikar Churna) approximately 3 months. After 3 months, patient-reported improvement. Results: Assessment of the patient with clinical symptoms and sperm analysis report was done following 3 months. Sperm motility increased up to 40% with increment in sperm count.  Conclusion: This case report provides us a guideline that infertility associated with Asthenozoospermia can be treated successfully by adopting basic Ayurveda Siddhanta's.

scholarly journals Genetic resistance to DEHP-induced transgenerational endocrine disruption

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Stenz ◽  
Rita Rahban ◽  
Julien Prados ◽  
Serge Nef ◽  
Ariane Paoloni-Giacobino
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome ◽  
Sperm Analysis

AbstractDi(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) interferes with sex hormones signaling pathways (SHP). C57BL/6J mice prenatally exposed to DEHP develop a testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) at adulthood, but similarly-exposed FVB/N mice are not affected. Here we aim to understand the reasons behind this drastic difference that should depend on the genome of the strain. In both backgrounds, pregnant female mice received per os either DEHP or corn oil vehicle and the male filiations were examined. Computer-assisted sperm analysis showed a DEHP-induced decreased sperm count and velocities in C57BL/6J. Sperm RNA sequencing experiments resulted in the identification of the 62 most differentially expressed RNAs. These RNAs, mainly regulated by hormones, produced strain-specific transcriptional responses to prenatal exposure to DEHP; a pool of RNAs was increased in FVB, another pool of RNAs was decreased in C57BL/6J. In FVB/N, analysis of non-synonymous SNP impacting SHP identified rs387782768 and rs387782768 respectively associated with absence of the Forkhead Box A3 (Foxa3) RNA and increased expression of estrogen receptor 1 variant 4 (NM_001302533) RNA. Analysis of the role of SNPs modifying SHP binding sites in function of strain-specific responses to DEHP revealed a DEHP-resistance allele in FVB/N containing an additional FOXA1-3 binding site at rs30973633 and four DEHP-induced beta-defensins (Defb42, Defb30, Defb47 and Defb48). A DEHP-susceptibility allele in C57BL/6J contained five SNPs (rs28279710, rs32977910, rs46648903, rs46677594 and rs48287999) affecting SHP and six genes (Svs2, Svs3b, Svs4, Svs3a, Svs6 and Svs5) epigenetically silenced by DEHP. Finally, targeted experiments confirmed increased methylation in the Svs3ab promoter with decreased SEMG2 persisting across generations, providing a molecular explanation for the transgenerational sperm velocity decrease found in C57BL/6J after DEHP exposure. We conclude that the existence of SNP-dependent mechanisms in inbred mice may confer resistance to transgenerational endocrine disruption.

scholarly journals Advanced Techniques of Bovine Semen Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mihai CENARIU ◽  
Emoke PALL ◽  
Mihai BORZAN ◽  
Liviu BOGDAN ◽  
Ioan GROZA
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Bovine Semen ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis ◽  
Automated Methods

The aim of the study was to assess bull semen fertility parameters using the classical techniques of sperm quality evaluation (density, motility, viability, and morphology, evaluated by light microscopy, in addition to concentration, evaluated via the hemocytometer and microspermatocrit), as well as advanced techniques, like computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry. Results obtained for classical techniques were comparable to those obtained by automated methods, without significant differences between parameters. The classical methods were inexpensive but required more time and attention, while the operator’s experience was a key element for accurate assessment of sperm parameters. The advanced techniques were fast and objective, but required expensive equipment and dedicated personnel, with proper training in the field. Therefore, classical techniques are suitable for clinics where occasional evaluation of bulls’ fertility parameters is performed, while the advanced methods should be implemented in semen companies, as well as in fertility clinics and research laboratories.

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