scholarly journals The impact of epidemics on labor market: identifying victims of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in the Korean labor market

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoung Lee ◽  
Joonmo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus on post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout among registered nurses in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younglee Kim ◽  
Eunju Seo ◽  
Youngseon Seo ◽  
Vivien Dee ◽  
Eunhee Hong
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Background: The unprecedented nationwide outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavarius (MERS-CoV) from June to July in 2015 took the Korean healthcare system unexpectedly and created physical and psychological stress and trauma to Registered Nurses unprepared to deal with the viral outbreak.Purpose: We investigated the effects of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout among Korean registered nurses (RNs).Methods: A descriptive cross sectional design using a self-administered survey of a convenience sample of 112 Korean RNs. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Korean version (IES-R-K) for PTSD and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) for burnout were utilized.Results: Overall prevalence for symptoms of PTSD was 50.0%. PTSD was significantly correlated to burnout (r = .480, p = .000), especially two burnout subscales, emotional exhaustion (r = .533, p = .000), and depersonalization (r = .497, p = .000).Conclusions: Future anticipatory guidance and management of traumatic outbreak or disaster should be considered for nurses’ mental health. Public health and safety at the national level must address quality health outcomes for both patients and healthcare professionals alike.

scholarly journals Structurally Guided Removal of DeISGylase Biochemical Activity from Papain-Like Protease Originating from Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney M. Daczkowski ◽  
Octavia Y. Goodwin ◽  
John V. Dzimianski ◽  
Jonathan J. Farhat ◽  
Scott D. Pegan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Interferon ◽  
Type I ◽  
Peptide Cleavage ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Immune Pathways ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging human pathogen that is the causative agent for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). With MERS outbreaks resulting in over 35% fatalities and now spread to 27 countries, MERS-CoV poses a significant ongoing threat to global human health. As part of its viral genome, MERS-CoV encodes a papain-like protease (PLpro) that has been observed to act as a deubiquitinase and deISGylase to antagonize type I interferon (IFN-I) immune pathways. This activity is in addition to its viral polypeptide cleavage function. Although the overall impact of MERS-CoV PLpro function is observed to be essential, difficulty has been encountered in delineating the importance of its separate functions, particularly its deISGylase activity. As a result, the interface of MERS-CoV and human interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (hISG15) was probed with isothermal calorimetry, which suggests that the C-terminal domain of hISG15 is principally responsible for interactions. Subsequently, the structure of MERS-CoV PLpro was solved to 2.4 Å in complex with the C-terminal domain of hISG15. Utilizing this structural information, mutants were generated that lacked appreciable deISGylase activity but retained wild-type deubiquitinase and peptide cleavage activities. Hence, this provides a new platform for understanding viral deISGylase activity within MERS-CoV and other CoVs. IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), encode a papain-like protease (PLpro) that possesses the ability to antagonize interferon immune pathways through the removal of ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) from target proteins. The lack of CoV proteases with attenuated deISGylase activity has been a key obstacle in delineating the impact between deubiquitinase and deISGylase activities on viral host evasion and pathogenesis. Here, biophysical techniques revealed that MERS-CoV PLpro chiefly engages human ISG15 through its C-terminal domain. The first structure of MERS-CoV PLpro in complex with this domain exposed the interface between these two entities. Employing these structural insights, mutations were employed to selectively remove deISGylase activity with no appreciable impact on its other deubiquitinase and peptide cleavage biochemical properties. Excitingly, this study introduces a new tool to probe the pathogenesis of MERS-CoV and related viruses through the removal of viral deISGylase activity.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children; What Do We Know So Far?

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Benhur Şirvan Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Infectious

After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 is the newest member of the family of coronaviruses that are pathogenic to humans. The disease which occurs with SARS-CoV-2 is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 was first described in December 2019 and has caused millions of people to get sick and hundreds of thousands of deaths over the past year. In this review, the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical and aboratory features, radiological findings, treatment, and management of the disease are all reviewed from a pediatrician’s perspective. Post-infectious complications, the impact of COVID-19 on global child health, and vaccine developments were also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals The impact of co-infection of influenza A virus on the severity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah H. Alfaraj ◽  
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq ◽  
Nojoom A. Alzahrani ◽  
Talal A. Altwaijri ◽  
Ziad A. Memish
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Spatial variability of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus survival rates and mortality hazard in Saudi Arabia, 2012–2019

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9783
Author(s):  
Khalid Hussain Al-Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammed Hussain Alahmadi ◽  
Ali Saeed Al-Zahrani ◽  
Maged Gomaa Hemida
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overall Mortality

About 83% of laboratory-confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases have emerged from Saudi Arabia, which has the highest overall mortality rate worldwide. This retrospective study assesses the impact of spatial/patient characteristics for 14-and 45-day MERS-CoV mortality using 2012–2019 data reported across Saudi regions and provinces. The Kaplan–Meier estimator was employed to estimate MERS-CoV survival rates, Cox proportional-hazards (CPH) models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for 14-and 45-day mortality predictors, and univariate local spatial autocorrelation and multivariate spatial clustering analyses were used to assess the spatial correlation. The 14-day, 45-day and overall mortality rates (with estimated survival rates) were 25.52% (70.20%), 32.35% (57.70%) and 37.30% (56.50%), respectively, with no significant rate variations between Saudi regions and provinces. Nationally, the CPH multivariate model identified that being elderly (age ≥ 61), being a non-healthcare worker (non-HCW), and having an underlying comorbidity were significantly related to 14-day mortality (HR = 2.10, 10.12 and 4.11, respectively; p < 0.0001). The 45-day mortality model identified similar risk factors but with an additional factor: patients aged 41–60 (HR = 1.44; p < 0.0001). Risk factors similar to those in the national model were observed in the Central, East and West regions and Riyadh, Makkah, Eastern, Madinah and Qassim provinces but with varying HRs. Spatial clusters of MERS-CoV mortality in the provinces were identified based on the risk factors (r2 = 0.85–0.97): Riyadh (Cluster 1), Eastern, Makkah and Qassim (Cluster 2), and other provinces in the north and south of the country (Cluster 3). The estimated HRs for the 14-and 45-day mortality varied spatially by province. For 45-day mortality, the highest HRs were found in Makkah (age ≥ 61 and non-HCWs), Riyadh (comorbidity) and Madinah (age 41–60). Coming from Makkah (HR = 1.30 and 1.27) or Qassim province (HR = 1.77 and 1.70) was independently related to higher 14-and 45-day mortality, respectively. MERS-CoV patient survival could be improved by implementing appropriate interventions for the elderly, those with comorbidities and non-HCW patients.

scholarly journals A case-crossover analysis of the impact of weather on primary cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma G. Gardner ◽  
David Kelton ◽  
Zvonimir Poljak ◽  
Maria Van Kerkhove ◽  
Sophie von Dobschuetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Viruses: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy H. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Impact

Viruses: A Very Short Introduction outlines the origins, structure, and method of infection of a vast variety of viruses and demonstrates how clever these entities appear to be. It explains the vital role viruses play in the ocean’s delicate ecosystem and discusses the impact of global warming, which is increasing the range of vector-transmitted viruses such as dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile virus. The recent Ebola and Zika epidemics, as well as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, are also discussed. Can we ever live in harmony with viruses? This VSI considers the ways in which we may need to adapt to prevent emerging viruses with devastating consequences.

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