Risk of cardiovascular mortality, stroke and coronary heart mortality associated with aircraft noise around Congonhas airport, São Paulo, Brazil: a small-area study

Abstract Background Noise pollution is increasingly recognised as a public health hazard, yet limited evidence is available from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly for specific sources. Here, we investigated the association between day-night average (Ldn) aircraft noise and the risk of death due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) at small-area level around São Paulo‘s Congonhas airport, Brazil during the period 2011–2016. Methods We selected 3259 census tracts across 16 districts partially or entirely exposed to ≥50 dB aircraft noise levels around the Congonhas airport, using pre-modelled 5 dB Ldn noise bands (≤50 dB to > 65 dB). We estimated the average noise exposure per census tract using area-weighting. Age, sex and calendar year-specific death counts for CVD, stroke and CHD were calculated by census tract, according to the residential address at time of death. We fitted Poisson regression models to quantify the risk associated with aircraft noise exposure, adjusting for age, sex, calendar year and area-level covariates including socioeconomic development, ethnicity, smoking and road traffic related noise and air pollution. Results After accounting for all covariates, areas exposed to the highest levels of noise (> 65 dB) showed a relative risk (RR) for CVD and CHD of 1.06 (95% CI: 0.94; 1.20) and 1.11 (95%CI: 0.96; 1.27), respectively, compared to those exposed to reference noise levels (≤50 dB). The RR for stroke ranged between 1.05 (95%CI: 0.95;1.16) and 0.91 (95%CI: 0.78;1.11) for all the noise levels assessed. We found a statistically significant positive trend for CVD and CHD mortality risk with increasing levels of noise (p = 0.043 and p = 0.005, respectively). No significant linear trend was found for stroke. Risk estimates were generally higher after excluding road traffic density, suggesting that road traffic air and noise pollution are potentially important confounders. Conclusions This study provides some evidence that aircraft noise is associated with increased risk of CVD and CHD mortality in a middle-income setting. More research is needed to validate these results in other LMIC settings and to further explore the influence of residual confounding and ecological bias. Remarkably, 60% of the study population living near the Congonhas airport (~ 1.5 million) were exposed to aircraft noise levels > 50 dB, well above those recommended by the WHO (45 dB), highlighting the need for public health interventions.

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Evaluation of road traffic noise near tube-shaped bus rapid transit shelters

Revista Nacional de Gerenciamento de Cidades ◽

10.17271/2318847297220212967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (72) ◽

Author(s):

Geanesson Alberto de Oliveira Santos ◽

Eriberto Oliveira do Nascimento ◽

Paulo Henrique Trombeta Zannin

Keyword(s):

Noise Exposure ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Traffic Noise ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Sound Level ◽

Urban Traffic ◽

Bus Rapid Transit ◽

Road Traffic Noise ◽

Rapid Transit ◽

Noise Levels

Noise pollution is generally imperceptible, but it can cause various disorders, including psychological disorders, hearing loss and cardiovascular disease. Curitiba Municipal Law 10.625:2002 establishes upper limits of daytime noise exposure according to zoning areas and land use in the City of Curitiba. The purpose of this study was to evaluate noise immissions of urban traffic in the proximities of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) shelters in Curitiba, Brazil. Daytime traffic noise levels were measured between 8am and 5pm near the entrance of these bus shelters in July and August 2014. Fifty-four measurement points at parks, residences, stores, schools, universities and hospitals in different zoning groups of the municipality were selected as a function of the type of population. The noise levels were recorded using a class I sound level meter. Brazil has no specific standard or law for traffic noise immissions, so the guidelines of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 10151:2000 were used. It was concluded that 74% of the measured noise levels varied from 70 to 76 dB(A). Only point 48, close to the Antônio Meireles Sobrinho BRT Shelter, was considered free of noise pollution. Traffic noise accounts for an overall average of 73 dB(A). A few bus shelters installed on the same street had an absolute average difference of 3 dB(A), while bus shelters located farther away from roads were the least noisy. The lowest average traffic noise levels, i.e., 71 dB(A), were recorded on roads for exclusive use by BRT buses.

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Aircraft Noise Levels, Annoyance and General Health of Residents of Communities contiguous to a Major Airport in Lagos State

TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH ◽

10.21522/tijph.2013.08.04.art006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 47-59

Author(s):

Iheanyichukwu M. Elechi

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

General Health ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Aircraft Noise ◽

Poor Health ◽

Noise Levels ◽

General Health Status ◽

Lagos State ◽

Distant Location ◽

Self Reported Health Status

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the aircraft noise exposure, annoyance reactions and health status of the residents living within the vicinity of the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMA) in Lagos state, Nigeria. Aircraft noise monitoring was conducted in five locations within the vicinity (0-5Km) of MMA, and a sixth distant location (14km away). Levels of aircraft noise for all five locations within the vicinity of the airport exceeded the EPA Victoria threshold of 75 dB LAmax for the residential area (outdoor). A survey on annoyance induced by aircraft noise exposure and general health status was conducted on 450 local residents in the study locations using the International Commission on Biological Effect of Noise question and a single question that has been applied in Dutch national health care surveys since 1983 on self-reported general health status respectively. Percentage of residents within the vicinity of MMA that were highly annoyed (%HA) exceeded 15% guideline limit stipulated by Federal Interagency Committee on Urban Noise while 14.5% reported poor health status. There was a significant association between the annoyance reactions and aircraft noise levels in the study locations while the association between self-reported health status and aircraft noise levels was not significant. Taken together, the residents within the vicinity of the airport are exposed to aircraft noise levels above permissible limit which may be associated with high annoyance reaction but may not be associated with poor health rating. Evidence-based aircraft noise related policies by government are advocated.

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Residential green is associated with reduced annoyance to road traffic and railway noise but increased annoyance to aircraft noise exposure

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2020.105885 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 105885

Author(s):

Beat Schäffer ◽

Mark Brink ◽

Felix Schlatter ◽

Danielle Vienneau ◽

Jean Marc Wunderli

Keyword(s):

Noise Exposure ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Aircraft Noise ◽

Green Is ◽

Railway Noise

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Association between Noise Pollution and Prevalent Ischemic Heart Disease

Folia Medica ◽

10.1515/folmed-2016-0041 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 273-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angel M. Dzhambov ◽

Donka D. Dimitrova

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relative Risks

AbstractBackground:Noise pollution is considered a risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Both are highly prevalent in Bulgaria, but their association has not been studied sufficiently.Aim:The aim of the present study was to examine the risk of IHD associated with road traffic (Lden) and lifetime occupational noise exposure (LONE) in a Bulgarian sample.Materials and methods:A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 513 residents of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. A questionnaire asked about doctor-diagnosed IHD, LONE and confounding factors. Ldenwas derived from official noise map after geocoding participants’ addresses. In log-link Poisson regressions we investigated the relative risks of prevalent IHD. Sensitivity analyses examined subgroup differences.Results:Lden≥ 65 dB was associated with higher risk (RR=1.84, 95% CI: 0.61, 5.57) of IHD in long-term residents (≥ 20 years). LONE was associated with RR=1.76 (0.82, 3.78) for ever-exposed; and RR=2.35 (1.00, 5.52) for 15 - 47 years exposure.Conclusions:Exposure to Lden≥65 dB was associated with non-significantly higher risk of IHD. Longer LONE was consistently associated with higher risk. In some subgroups the effect of noise was more pronounced.

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Noise Descriptors For Kota Metropolis, Rajasthan (India)

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.16.1.18 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 176-189

Author(s):

Kuldeep Kuldeep ◽

Sohil Sisodiya ◽

Dr. Anil K. Mathur

Keyword(s):

Noise Level ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Exposure Index ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

High Noise ◽

Sampling Locations ◽

The City

The most common environmental concern in metropolitan cities worldwide is noise pollution. Kota metropolis (India) is also suffering from the problem of the increased noise level in the urban environment. Kota metropolis has been selected for the assessment of noise pollution. The main reasons behind the increasing level of noise in the city are increased population, rapid urbanization and industrialization, increased transportation facilities, urban development, construction and demolition works etc. The noise levels were recorded for day-time (6 am to 10 pm) as per Indian standard time for 96 days. Sixteen sampling points are made within the city depending upon the category of area/zone such as industrial, residential, silence and commercial. Six days were prescribed for each sampling location for noise level measurement. Noise descriptors such as Lmax, Lmin, L10, L50, L90, NC (noise climate), Lnp (noise pollution level), Leq (equivalent noise level), and NEI (noise exposure index) were computed with the observed data. Noise descriptors are very useful to indicate the physiological and psychological effects of noise pollution associated with noise levels. It makes regulating agency to take necessary actions in high noise areas for noise vulnerable groups such as Childs, old persons etc. Noise levels were recorded with the digital sound level meter " HTC SL-1350". Obtained equivalent noise levels were in between 65 dB(A) to 85 dB(A). The results were then compared with the WHO standards of community noise levels, and Indian noise pollution standards. It is noticed that the noise levels in all monitoring stations were well above the limits of the standards prescribed by the WHO and CPCB. Small variations in noise levels were observed for all sampling locations i.e. noise levels were almost similar at sampling locations. Noise levels were distinct in magnitude for morning and evenings hours. Noise Exposure Index (NEI) was greater than 1 which shows significant high noise levels in all the sampling locations. Kota metropolis desperately needs new strategies to reduces the high noise level in the city. Regulating agencies should take necessary action before things get out of control. Some immediate actions are suggested in the study.

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The Impact of Thin Asphalt Layers as a Road Traffic Noise Intervention in an Urban Environment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132212561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 12561

Author(s):

Ablenya Grangeiro de Barros ◽

Jarl K. Kampen ◽

Cedric Vuye

Keyword(s):

Noise Exposure ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Traffic Noise ◽

Low Noise ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Road Traffic Noise ◽

Acoustic Measurements ◽

Noise Levels ◽

The Impact

Low-noise thin asphalt layers (TALs) are a feasible solution to mitigate road traffic noise in urban environments. Nevertheless, the impacts of this type of noise intervention are reported mostly regarding noise levels, while non-acoustic aspects influencing the population perception are still little-known. This study investigates the implementation of TALs in two streets of Antwerp, Belgium. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured via noise modelling and acoustic measurements of road traffic noise. A reduction of 2.8 dB in noise exposure was observed in Lden and Lnight, while SPB measurements showed decreases up to 5.2 dB on the roadside. The subjective impacts of the TALs were evaluated via self-administered surveys and compared to results from control streets. The annoyance indicators were positively impacted by the TALs implementation, resulting in annoyance levels similar or lower than in the control streets. The TALs did not impact the reported physical complaints, sleep quality, and comfort level to perform activities.

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Aircraft Noise Levels, Annoyance, and Health Effects in an Urban Area in Oman

10.21203/rs.3.rs-420510/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Amoatey ◽

Issa Al-Harthy ◽

Khalifa Al-Jabri ◽

Abdullah Al-Mamun ◽

Mahad Said Baawain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

General Health ◽

Online Survey ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Aircraft Noise ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Potential Health ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

Exposure Levels

Abstract This study aimed at investigating aircraft noise exposure levels, their annoyance, and potential health effects among communities living within airport catchment areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both field measurements and an online survey approach were used to investigate aircraft noise exposure levels, annoyance, and general health effects among residents living near Muscat International Airport (MCT) in Muscat, Oman amid COVID-19 period. The study found a drastic decline in aircraft noise levels due to the introduction of COVID-19 intervention measures such as lock-downs, social distancing, and closure of airports. In June 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic average daily aircraft noise levels of LAeq (39.9 dB(A)) and Lmax (49.7 dB(A)) was observed compared to the previous year (April-May 2019) of 58.5 and 76.8 dB(A), indicating aircraft noise reductions level of 32% and 35%, respectively. The results of the online social survey among 187 participants showed that most (58.8%) of the respondents did not feel that the level of noise produced by aircraft causes annoyance. During the day, the vast majority of the interviewees did not complain of any annoyance during the morning (45.5%), afternoon (39.6%), and evening (31%) with only < 4% of residents having reported a very high degree of annoyance of during COVID-19 pandemic period. Very few people (17%) did complain of experiencing general health problems while 29% did not know of any potential health effects that could be attributed to aircraft noise exposures. These findings support the need sustainable mitigation of aircraft noise in order to help improve health.

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Land Use Regression Modeling of Outdoor Noise Exposure in Informal Settlements in Western Cape, South Africa

10.20944/preprints201708.0035.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Chloé Sieber ◽

Martina S. Ragettli ◽

Mark Brink ◽

Olaniyan Toyib ◽

Roslyn Baatjies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Land Use ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Model Performance ◽

Sound Level ◽

Western Cape ◽

Land Use Regression ◽

Middle Income ◽

Noise Measurements

In developing countries, noise exposure and its negative health effects have been little explored. The present study aimed to assess the noise exposure situation in adults living in informal settings in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. We conducted continuous one-week outdoor noise measurements at 134 homes in four different areas. These data were used to develop a land use regression (LUR) model to predict A-weighted day-evening-night equivalent sound level (Lden) from geographic information system (GIS) variables. Mean noise exposure during day (6:00-18:00) was 60.0 A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) (interquartile range 56.9-62.9 dB(A)), during night (22:00-6:00) 52.9 dB(A) (49.3-55.8 dB(A)) and average Lden was 63.0 dB(A) (60.1-66.5 dB(A)). Main predictors of the LUR model were related to road traffic and household density. Model performance was low (adjusted R2=0.130) suggesting that other influences than represented in the geographic predictors are relevant for noise exposure. This is one of the few studies on the noise exposure situation in low- and middle-income countries. It demonstrates that noise exposure levels are high in these settings.

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Noise exposure and its impact on psychological health of agricultural tractor operators

Noise Control Engineering Journal ◽

10.3397/1/376947 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 500-506

Author(s):

Muhammad Yamin ◽

Zohaib Yousaf ◽

Khalid Mahmood Bhatt ◽

Muhammad Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Psychological Health ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Psychological Problems ◽

Noise Levels ◽

High Noise ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Agricultural Tractor

Constant exposure of noise to the auditory system of the agricultural tractor opera- tor can cause physical and psychological problems. A field study was conducted in the Faisalabad and Narowal districts of Pakistan to examine the spread of tractor noise and its psychological effects on the safety of tractor operators driving tractors without cabins and other noise reduction measures. Four of the most common imple- ments used in Pakistan, including land scraper, cultivator, disk harrow and seed drill, were used to detect the changes in tractor noise at two speeds of 5.3 km/h and 10.6 km/h in all four directions. Lowest noise was produced during the field operation of the seed drill at a mean noise value of 81.9 dB(A) among all four implements. Disk harrow and cultivator were found to be the most noisy implement, and during oper- ation, the tractor operator was directly exposed to high noise levels of 86.9 dB(A) and 84.9 dB(A), respectively. This noise pollution caused psychological problems in agri- cultural tractor operators, as demonstrated by the highly positive correlations of de- pression, aggression, anxiety and stress. This trend had a negative effect on their social interactions relative to the comparable population of office employees. In or- der to mitigate the adverse health effects, tractor operators must be equipped with sound proof cabins or at least ear plugs because of direct exposure to high noise levels. Furthermore, a safe distance of 48 m or at least a warning distance of 26 m from the tractor must be maintained by farm workers.

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Self-rated health status in relation to aircraft noise exposure, noise annoyance or noise sensitivity: the results of a cross-sectional study in France

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10138-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Clémence BAUDIN ◽

Marie LEFÈVRE ◽

Patricia CHAMPELOVIER ◽

Jacques LAMBERT ◽

Bernard LAUMON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Noise Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Aircraft Noise ◽

Noise Sensitivity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Noise Annoyance ◽

Fair Poor

Abstract Background Noise is a major public health issue because of its negative impacts on health, including annoyance, sleep disturbance, cardiovascular diseases and altered cognitive performance among children. Self-rated health status (SRHS) can be considered as a reliable indicator of quality of life, morbidity and mortality but few studies have considered SRHS in relation to aircraft noise exposure. The present study aims to investigate the association between this exposure and SRHS of people living near airports in France, and to consider the mediating or moderating role of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in this association. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1242 participants older than 18 and living near three major French airports. Information on their SRHS, aircraft noise annoyance, noise sensitivity and demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors was collected during a face-to-face interview performed at home. Outdoor aircraft noise levels were estimated for each participant’s home address using noise maps. Logistic regressions with adjustment for potential confounders were used. The moderating and mediating effects of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity were investigated following Baron and Kenny’s recommendations. Results A significant association was shown between aircraft noise levels and a fair/poor SRHS, only in men (OR=1.55, 95%CI 1.01–2.39, for a 10 dB(A)-increase in Lden). This relationship was higher in men highly sensitive to noise (OR=3.26, 95%CI 1.19–8.88, for a 10 dB(A)-increase in Lden). Noise sensitivity was associated with a fair/poor SRHS significantly in women (OR=1.74, 95%CI 1.12–2.68) and at the borderline of significance in men (OR=1.68, 95% CI 0.94–3.00), whereas aircraft noise annoyance was associated with a fair/poor SRHS only in men (OR=1.81, 95%CI 1.00–3.27). Conclusion The present study confirms findings in the small number of available studies to date suggesting a positive association between aircraft noise levels and a fair/poor SRHS. These results also support the hypothesis that noise sensitivity would moderate this association. However, a mediating effect of annoyance cannot be excluded.

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