scholarly journals Wide spread and diversity of mutation in the gyrA gene of quinolone-resistant Corynebacterium striatum strains isolated from three tertiary hospitals in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjun Wang ◽  
Xiaohong Shi ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Yingying Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Double Mutation ◽  
Corynebacterium Striatum ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals

Abstract Background Corynebacterium striatum was confirmed to be an important opportunistic pathogen, which could lead to multiple-site infections and presented high prevalence of multidrug resistance, particularly to quinolone antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying resistance to quinolones and the epidemiological features of 410 quinolone-resistant C. striatum clinical strains isolated from three tertiary hospitals in China. Methods A total of 410 C. striatum clinical strains were isolated from different clinical samples of patients admitted to three tertiary teaching hospitals in China. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution broth method and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for genotyping. Gene sequencing was used to identify possible mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA. Results In total, 410 C. striatum isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin but resistant to ciprofloxacin. Depending on the antibiotic susceptibility testing results of 12 antimicrobial agents, the 410 C. striatum strains were classified into 12 resistant biotypes; of these, the three biotypes R1, R2, and R3 were dominant and accounted for 47.3% (194/410), 21.0% (86/410), and 23.2% (95/410) of the resistant biotypes, respectively. Mutations in the QRDRs ofgyrA were detected in all quinolone-resistant C. striatum isolates, and 97.3% of the isolates (399/410) showed double mutations in codons 87 and 91 of the QRDRs of gyrA. Ser-87 to Phe-87 and Asp-91 to Ala-91 double mutation in C. striatum was the most prevalent and accounted for 72.2% (296/410) of all mutations. Four new mutations in gyrA were identified in this study; these included Ser-87 to Tyr-87 and Asp-91 to Ala-91 (double mutation, 101 isolates); Ser-87 to Val-87 and Asp-91 toGly-91 (double mutation, one isolate); Ser-87 to Val-87 and Asp-91 to Ala-91 (double mutation, one isolate); and Ser-87 to Ile-87 (single mutation, one isolate). The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin for isolates with double (96.5%; 385/399) and single (72.7%; 8/11) mutations was high (≥ 32 µg/mL). Based on the PFGE typing results, 101 randomly selected C. striatum strains were classified into 50 genotypes (T01-T50), including the three multidrug-resistant epidemic clones T02, T06, and T28; these accounted for 14.9% (15/101), 5.9% (6/101), and 11.9% (12/101) of all genotypes, respectively. The multidrug-resistant T02 clone was identified in hospitals A and C and persisted from 2016 to 2018. Three outbreaks resulting from the T02, T06, and T28 clones were observed among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in hospital C between April and May 2019. Conclusions Quinolone-resistant C. striatum isolates showed a high prevalence of multidrug resistance. Point mutations in the QRDRs of gyrA conferred quinolone resistance to C. striatum, and several mutations in gyrA were newly found in this study. The great clonal diversity, high-level quinolone resistance and increased prevalence among patients susceptible to C. striatum isolates deserve more attention in the future. Moreover, more thorough investigation of the relationship between quinolone exposure and resistance evolution in C. striatum is necessary.

Querying Automated Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Instruments: A Novel Population-Based Active Surveillance Method for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Reno ◽  
Calista Schenck ◽  
Janine Scott ◽  
Leigh Ann Clark ◽  
Yun F. (Wayne) Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance ◽  
Testing Instruments

Objective.To describe the implementation of a population-based surveillance system for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB).Design.Population-based active surveillance by the Georgia Emerging Infections Program.Setting.Metropolitan Atlanta, starting November 2010.Patients.Residents with MDR-GNB isolated from urine or a normally sterile site culture.Methods.Surveillance was implemented in 3 phases: (1) surveying laboratory antibiotic susceptibility testing practices, (2) piloting surveillance to estimate the proportion of GNB that were MDR, and (3) maintaining ongoing active surveillance for carbapenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii using the 2010 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints. Pilot surveillance required developing and installing queries for GNB on the 3 types of automated testing instruments (ATIs), such as MicroScan, in Atlanta's clinical laboratories. Ongoing surveillance included establishing a process to extract data from ATIs consistently, review charts, manage data, and provide feedback to laboratories.Results.Output from laboratory information systems typically used for surveillance would not reliably capture the CLSI breakpoints, but queries developed for the 3 ATIs did. In November 2010, 0.9% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates and 35.7% of A. baumannii isolates from 21 laboratories were carbapenem nonsusceptible. Over a 5-month period, 82 Enterobacteriaceae and 59 A. baumannii were identified as carbapenem nonsusceptible.Conclusions.Directly querying ATIs, a novel method of active surveillance for MDR-GNB, proved to be a reliable, sustainable, and accurate method that required moderate initial investment and modest maintenance. Ongoing surveillance is critical to assess the burden of and changes in MDR-GNB to inform prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Nanomotion Detection-Based Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Sandor Kasas ◽  
Anton Malovichko ◽  
Maria Ines Villalba ◽  
María Elena Vela ◽  
Osvaldo Yantorno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Living Organisms

Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) could play a major role in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria. Recently, it was discovered that all living organisms oscillate in the range of nanometers and that these oscillations, referred to as nanomotion, stop as soon the organism dies. This finding led to the development of rapid AST techniques based on the monitoring of these oscillations upon exposure to antibiotics. In this review, we explain the working principle of this novel technique, compare the method with current ASTs, explore its application and give some advice about its implementation. As an illustrative example, we present the application of the technique to the slowly growing and pathogenic Bordetella pertussis bacteria.

scholarly journals Predictive Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by Next-Generation Sequencing for Periprosthetic Joint Infections: Potential and Limitations

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Lukas Lüftinger ◽  
Ines Ferreira ◽  
Bernhard J. H. Frank ◽  
Stephan Beisken ◽  
Johannes Weinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Joint replacement surgeries are one of the most frequent medical interventions globally. Infections of prosthetic joints are a major health challenge and typically require prolonged or even indefinite antibiotic treatment. As multidrug-resistant pathogens continue to rise globally, novel diagnostics are critical to ensure appropriate treatment and help with prosthetic joint infections (PJI) management. To this end, recent studies have shown the potential of molecular methods such as next-generation sequencing to complement established phenotypic, culture-based methods. Together with advanced bioinformatics approaches, next-generation sequencing can provide comprehensive information on pathogen identity as well as antimicrobial susceptibility, potentially enabling rapid diagnosis and targeted therapy of PJIs. In this review, we summarize current developments in next generation sequencing based predictive antibiotic susceptibility testing and discuss potential and limitations for common PJI pathogens.

scholarly journals Study of antibiotic resistance profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens of the patients attending a tertiary teaching hospital from Chhattisgarh

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4808
Author(s):  
Archana Bhimrao Wankhade ◽  
Sanjibkumar Panda ◽  
Riddhi Hathiwala ◽  
Yogendra Keche
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Tertiary Teaching

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen causing wide spectrum of infections. It has tendency for the development of multidrug resistance thereby exposing the selection of appropriate treatment. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to find out the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical samples in teaching tertiary hospital.Methods: Total 85 Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from clinical samples (pus, urine, sputum and blood) tested. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was done by standard conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by using disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines.Results: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated maximum from pus samples followed by urine samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed highest resistance against Penicillin (69%) and Erythromycin (51%) followed by Cotrimoxazole (50%) & Nitrofurantoin (50%). All the strains were sensitive to Vancomycin. Amongst the urine isolates all were sensitive to Norfloxacin. These percentages of sensitivities are characteristically higher in our study than the previous studies in the literature. In addition, out of 85 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 26 isolates showed sensitivity   to all antibiotics.Conclusions: From the present study we conclude that though the Staphylococcus aureus is usually having multidrug resistance pattern. So regular antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance is essential for area‐wise monitoring of the resistance patterns. This will be beneficial to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics and for better patient management.

scholarly journals Fast Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing via Raman Microspectrometry on Single Bacteria: An MRSA Case Study

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armelle Novelli Rousseau ◽  
Nicolas Faure ◽  
Fabian Rol ◽  
Zohreh Sedaghat ◽  
Joël Le Galudec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Raman Microspectrometry

scholarly journals Longitudinal Characterization and Transmission Dynamics of Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms in an ICU (LOCATE AROs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s42-s43
Author(s):  
Kimberley Sukhum ◽  
Candice Cass ◽  
Meghan Wallace ◽  
Caitlin Johnson ◽  
Steven Sax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clonal Group ◽  
Communal Areas

Background: Healthcare-associated infections caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs) are a major cause of significant morbidity and mortality. To create and optimize infection prevention strategies, it is crucial to delineate the role of the environment and clinical infections. Methods: Over a 14-month period, we collected environmental samples, patient feces, and patient bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates in a newly built bone marrow transplant (BMT) intensive care unit (ICU). Samples were collected from 13 high-touch areas in the patient room and 4 communal areas. Samples were collected from the old BMT ICU, in the new BMT ICU before patients moved in, and for 1 year after patients moved in. Selective microbiologic culture was used to isolate AROs, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to determine clonality. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assays. Using linear mixed modeling, we compared ARO recovery across time and sample area. Results: AROs were collected and cultured from environmental samples, patient feces, and BSI isolates (Fig. 1a). AROs were found both before and after a patient entered the ICU (Fig. 1b). Sink drains had significantly more AROs recovered per sample than any other surface area (P < .001) (Fig. 1c). The most common ARO isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophila (Fig. 1d). The new BMT ICU had fewer AROs recovered per sample than the old BMT ICU (P < .001) and no increase in AROs recovered over the first year of opening (P > .05). Furthermore, there was no difference before versus after patients moved into the hospital (P > .05). Antibiotic susceptibility testing reveal that P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from the old ICU were resistant to more antibiotics than isolates recovered from the new ICU (Fig. 2a). ANI and clonal analyses of P. aeruginosa revealed a large cluster of clonal isolates (34 of 76) (Fig. 2b). This clonal group included isolates found before patients moved into the BMT ICU and patient blood isolates. Furthermore, this clonal group was initially found in only 1 room in the BMT ICU, and over 26 weeks, it was found in sink drains in all 6 rooms sampled (Fig. 2b). Conclusions: AROs are present before patients move into a new BMT ICU, and sink drains act as a reservoir for AROs over time. Furthermore, sink-drain P. aeruginosa isolates are clonally related to isolates found in patient BSIs. Overall, these results provide insight into ARO transmission dynamics in the hospital environment.Funding: Research reported in this publication was supported by the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences grant UL1TR002345 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the NIH.Disclosures: None

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