Size and dose dependent effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on intestinal permeability in an in vitro model of the human gut epithelium

The placenta exchanges vital factors, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, copper, iron, calcium cations, and glucose, which are essential to fetal growth. Each molecule is transferred by specific receptors that are located at the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm. Copper, iron, calcium cations, and glucose transfer genes are regulated by estrogens, vitamin D, and human placental lactogen. Regulations of these receptors depend on pregnancy time length and maternal and fetal nutrient environment with various pathways. Some synthetic plastics known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have a similar structure to reproductive hormones such as estrogens. Thus, these substances have a potential effect on the expression of genes which are regulated by estrogens or progesterone by interfering their pathways. Having an estrogenic property, EDC interact with oestrogen receptors and elevate or decrease the expression of target genes which are responsible for transporting essential molecules such as copper, iron, and calcium. To examine the effects of EDC exposure during pregnancy, we conducted an in vitro model study using the BeWo human trophoblast cell line. The BeWo cell was treated with well-known EDC, octyl-phenol (OP), nonyl-phenol (NP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in a dose-dependent manner (10–7, 10–6, and 10–5 M) for 24 h. The expression of copper (CTR1, ATP7A), iron (IREG1, HEPH), and calcium transporting genes (PMCA1, TRPV6), were measured by real-time RT–PCR and Western blot. The expression of copper, iron, and calcium transporting genes were elevated in a dose-dependent manner by all well-known EDC, including OP, NP, and BPA, as well as E2. To unveil the mechanism of these elevations of ionic transporting genes, an ERE promoter study will be needed. Taken together, essential cation transporting genes in placenta are modulated by EDC.

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In-vitro model for studying methanogens in human gut microbiota

Anaerobe ◽

10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.04.009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 50-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

William Tottey ◽

Nadia Gaci ◽

Guillaume Borrel ◽

Monique Alric ◽

Paul W. O'Toole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Vitro Model

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Ethanolic extract of ocimum kilimandscharicum linnleaves: phytochemical and in vitro pharmacological activity

International Journal of Indigenous Herbs and Drugs ◽

10.46956/ijihd.v6i6.257 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106-109

Author(s):

Yamini N ◽

Lahari S ◽

Phani deepthi V

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Model ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Clinical Development ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Thrombolytic Activity ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Dose Dependent

Using an in vitro model, the anti-thrombolytic efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Linn was investigated. The researchers discovered that different concentrations of the extract had significant anti-thrombolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner , which was comparable to a standard drug. As a result of the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols in the plant extract, it can be concluded that it has a promising future in the treatment of thrombosis. This knowledge will be useful in the clinical development of thrombolytic therapeutics by identifying more potent anti-thrombolytic principles from natural resources..

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Gonadotrophic regulation of prolactin mediated progesterone secretion in vitro

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1100251 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Steven Alexander ◽

Thomas M. Crisp

Keyword(s):

Granulosa Cells ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Model System ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Progesterone Secretion ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Cells Cultured

Abstract. The effects of preincubating rat granulosa cells with FSH, LH, and Prl on subsequent Prl mediated progesterone secretion were investigated. Granulosa cells were isolated from ovarian follicles 50 h after injection of 5 IU PMSG and were then plated on poly-l-lysine coated coverslips in serum supplemented medium. Cells were preincubated for 24 h in the absence of hormones (control) or with the addition of either 0.25, 2.5, 25 ng/ml rat FSH or rat LH, or 1 μg/ml rat Prl. Following the preincubation period, cells were maintained for an additional 6 or 8 days in the presence or absence of 1 μg/ml Prl. When cells were preincubated with FSH or LH, only the two higher concentrations (2.5 and 25 ng/ml) stimulated significantly more progesterone secretion than control cultures during the 24 h preincubation period. For each series of preincubations, cells cultured for 6 or 8 days in the presence of Prl secreted significantly more progesterone at each day of culture than cells cultured without Prl. Cells preincubated and cultured with Prl secreted only 3–7-fold more progesterone than cells preincubated in control medium and then cultured with Prl. Preincubation with FSH or LH promoted a 20–45-fold increase in Prl mediated progesterone secretion compared to control preincubation cultures that also subsequently were cultured with Prl. The magnitude of Prl mediated progesterone secretion observed through 6 days of culturing was dose dependent on the preincubation concentration of FSH or LH. The establishment of an in vitro model system in which gonadotrophins enhance the responsiveness of granulosa cells to Prl in serum supplemented medium provides the opportunity for study of the regulatory mechanisms involved with the induction and maintenance of such responsiveness.

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In vitro model insights into the role of human gut microbiota on arsenic bioaccessibility and its speciation in soils

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114580 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 263 ◽

pp. 114580 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haifeng Chi ◽

Yanwei Hou ◽

Guofeng Li ◽

Youchi Zhang ◽

Frédéric Coulon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Vitro Model

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Effects of omadacycline on gut microbiota populations and Clostridium difficile germination, proliferation and toxin production in an in vitro model of the human gut

10.26226/morressier.56d6be7ad462b80296c97df1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Chilton

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Human Gut ◽

Vitro Model

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Dose-Dependent Prebiotic Effect of Lactulose in a Computer-Controlled In Vitro Model of the Human Large Intestine

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu9070767 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 767 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Melanie Bothe ◽

Annet Maathuis ◽

Susann Bellmann ◽

Jos van der Vossen ◽

Dirk Berressem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Intestine ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Human Large Intestine ◽

Computer Controlled ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Dose Dependent

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A novel 3D in vitro model of the human gut microbiota

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78591-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Biagini ◽

Marco Calvigioni ◽

Anna Lapomarda ◽

Alessandra Vecchione ◽

Chiara Magliaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Human Gut ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbial Proliferation ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Electrospun Gelatin

AbstractClinical trials and animal studies on the gut microbiota are often limited by the difficult access to the gut, restricted possibility of in vivo monitoring, and ethical issues. An easily accessible and monitorable in vitro model of the gut microbiota represents a valid tool for a wider comprehension of the mechanisms by which microbes interact with the host and with each other. Herein, we present a novel and reliable system for culturing the human gut microbiota in vitro. An electrospun gelatin structure was biofabricated as scaffold for microbial growth. The efficiency of this structure in supporting microbial proliferation and biofilm formation was initially assessed for five microbes commonly inhabiting the human gut. The human fecal microbiota was then cultured on the scaffolds and microbial biofilms monitored by confocal laser and scanning electron microscopy and quantified over time. Metagenomic analyses and Real-Time qPCRs were performed to evaluate the stability of the cultured microbiota in terms of qualitative and quantitative composition. Our results reveal the three-dimensionality of the scaffold-adhered microbial consortia that maintain the bacterial biodiversity and richness found in the original sample. These findings demonstrate the validity of the developed electrospun gelatin-based system for in vitro culturing the human gut microbiota.

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Photoprotection Exerted by Sunscreens in a Human Cell Line after UV Damage

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299202000115 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 108-115

Author(s):

Barbara Viviani ◽

Marina Marinovich ◽

Corrado L. Galli

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Model ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Human Cell Line ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Uv Damage ◽

Best Response ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Dose Dependent

In recent years, attention has been devoted to the biological effects of solar radiation. Exaggerated exposure to sunlight has underlined the importance of evaluating the ability of different products to protect skin from all the adverse effects of sunlight. In preliminary experiments, we used human keratinocytes in vitro to study the possible influence of sun irradiation on different biological events, in order to identify specific markers of photodamage. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was clearly observed in all the samples exposed to irradiation, in a dose-dependent manner. The best response was obtained when the UVA/UVB irradiation dose reached 44/7.2mJ/cm2 respectively. Under these conditions, the ability of the different sunscreens, mainly benzophenones, to protect from UV damage was assessed. The results seem to confirm the ability of such an in vitro model to evaluate the photoprotective action of the tested sunscreens.

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