Photoprotection Exerted by Sunscreens in a Human Cell Line after UV Damage

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Barbara Viviani ◽  
Marina Marinovich ◽  
Corrado L. Galli
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Uv Damage ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

In recent years, attention has been devoted to the biological effects of solar radiation. Exaggerated exposure to sunlight has underlined the importance of evaluating the ability of different products to protect skin from all the adverse effects of sunlight. In preliminary experiments, we used human keratinocytes in vitro to study the possible influence of sun irradiation on different biological events, in order to identify specific markers of photodamage. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was clearly observed in all the samples exposed to irradiation, in a dose-dependent manner. The best response was obtained when the UVA/UVB irradiation dose reached 44/7.2mJ/cm2 respectively. Under these conditions, the ability of the different sunscreens, mainly benzophenones, to protect from UV damage was assessed. The results seem to confirm the ability of such an in vitro model to evaluate the photoprotective action of the tested sunscreens.

219 EFFECT OF THE ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS ON PLACENTAL TRANSPORT IN BeWo CELLS AS AN IN VITRO MODEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
J.-H. Lee ◽  
E.-B. Jeung
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Calcium Cations ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Iron And Calcium

The placenta exchanges vital factors, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, copper, iron, calcium cations, and glucose, which are essential to fetal growth. Each molecule is transferred by specific receptors that are located at the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm. Copper, iron, calcium cations, and glucose transfer genes are regulated by estrogens, vitamin D, and human placental lactogen. Regulations of these receptors depend on pregnancy time length and maternal and fetal nutrient environment with various pathways. Some synthetic plastics known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have a similar structure to reproductive hormones such as estrogens. Thus, these substances have a potential effect on the expression of genes which are regulated by estrogens or progesterone by interfering their pathways. Having an estrogenic property, EDC interact with oestrogen receptors and elevate or decrease the expression of target genes which are responsible for transporting essential molecules such as copper, iron, and calcium. To examine the effects of EDC exposure during pregnancy, we conducted an in vitro model study using the BeWo human trophoblast cell line. The BeWo cell was treated with well-known EDC, octyl-phenol (OP), nonyl-phenol (NP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in a dose-dependent manner (10–7, 10–6, and 10–5 M) for 24 h. The expression of copper (CTR1, ATP7A), iron (IREG1, HEPH), and calcium transporting genes (PMCA1, TRPV6), were measured by real-time RT–PCR and Western blot. The expression of copper, iron, and calcium transporting genes were elevated in a dose-dependent manner by all well-known EDC, including OP, NP, and BPA, as well as E2. To unveil the mechanism of these elevations of ionic transporting genes, an ERE promoter study will be needed. Taken together, essential cation transporting genes in placenta are modulated by EDC.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of ocimum kilimandscharicum linnleaves: phytochemical and in vitro pharmacological activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Yamini N ◽  
Lahari S ◽  
Phani deepthi V
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

Using an in vitro model, the anti-thrombolytic efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Linn was investigated. The researchers discovered that different concentrations of the extract had significant anti-thrombolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner , which was comparable to a standard drug. As a result of the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols in the plant extract, it can be concluded that it has a promising future in the treatment of thrombosis. This knowledge will be useful in the clinical development of thrombolytic therapeutics by identifying more potent anti-thrombolytic principles from natural resources..    

scholarly journals Effects of ambient particulate matter on a reconstructed human corneal epithelium model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Ko ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
Miho Tanaka ◽  
Tomoaki Okuda ◽  
Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Human Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the corneal epithelium using a reconstructed human corneal epithelium (HCE) model. We collected two PM size fractions [aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.4 µm: PM0.3–2.4 and larger than 2.4 µm: PM>2.4] and exposed these tissues to PM concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h. After exposure, cell viability and interleukin (IL) IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined, and haematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining of the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were performed on tissue sections. In addition, the effects of a certified reference material of urban aerosols (UA; 100 µg/mL) were also examined as a reference. The viability of cells exposed to 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4 decreased to 76.2% ± 7.4 and 75.4% ± 16.1, respectively, whereas PM0.3–2.4 exposure had a limited effect on cell viability. These particles did not increase IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly even though cell viability was decreased in 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4. ZO-1 expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all groups. Reconstructed HCE could be used as an in vitro model to study the effects of environmental PM exposure on ocular surface cell viability and inflammation.

scholarly journals Crocetin Mitigates Irradiation Injury in an In Vitro Model of the Pubertal Testis: Focus on Biological Effects and Molecular Mechanisms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Giulia Rossi ◽  
Martina Placidi ◽  
Chiara Castellini ◽  
Francesco Rea ◽  
Settimio D'Andrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Adolescent Cancer ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Infertility is a potential side effect of radiotherapy and significantly affects the quality of life for adolescent cancer survivors. Very few studies have addressed in pubertal models the mechanistic events that could be targeted to provide protection from gonadotoxicity and data on potential radioprotective treatments in this peculiar period of life are elusive. In this study, we utilized an in vitro model of the mouse pubertal testis to investigate the efficacy of crocetin to counteract ionizing radiation (IR)-induced injury and potential underlying mechanisms. Present experiments provide evidence that exposure of testis fragments from pubertal mice to 2 Gy X-rays induced extensive structural and cellular damage associated with overexpression of PARP1, PCNA, SOD2 and HuR and decreased levels of SIRT1 and catalase. A twenty-four hr exposure to 50 μM crocetin pre- and post-IR significantly reduced testis injury and modulated the response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, crocetin treatment did not counteract the radiation-induced changes in the expression of SIRT1, p62 and LC3II. These results increase the knowledge of mechanisms underlying radiation damage in pubertal testis and establish the use of crocetin as a fertoprotective agent against IR deleterious effects in pubertal period.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Selected 2-Arylbenzofurans in a Colon In Vitro Model System

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Ondrej Vesely ◽  
Petr Marsik ◽  
Veronika Jarosova ◽  
Ivo Doskocil ◽  
Karel Smejkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Basolateral Side ◽  
Sufficient Stability ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Model ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Permeability Assay

2-arylbenzofurans represent a small group of bioactive compounds found in the plant family Moraceae. As it has not been investigated whether these substances are stable during passage through the gastrointestinal tract, their biological effects may be altered by the metabolism of intestinal microbiota or cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare mulberrofuran Y (1), moracin C (2), and mulberrofuran G (3) in an in vitro model of human intestinal bacterial fermentation and in an epithelial model using the Caco-2 cell line. The analysis of compounds by LC-MS-Q-TOF showed sufficient stability in the fermentation model, with no bacterial metabolites detected. However, great differences in the quantity of permeation were observed in the permeability assay. Moreover, mulberrofuran Y (1) and moracin C (2) were observed to be transformed into polar metabolites by conjugation. Among the test compounds, mulberrofuran Y (1) was mostly stable and accumulated in endothelial cells (85.3%) compared with mulberrofuran G (3) and moracin C (2) (14% and 8.2%, respectively). Thus, only a small amount of mulberrofuran Y (1) was conjugated. Moracin C (2) and mulberrofuran G (3) were metabolized almost completely, with only traces of the unchanged molecule being found on the apical and cellular sides of the system. Only conjugates of mulberrofuran Y (1) and moracin C (2) were able to reach the basolateral side. Our results provide the basic description of bioavailability of these three compounds, which is a necessary characteristic for final evaluation of bio-efficacy.

In vitro study of placental trophoblast calcium uptake using JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
R.S. Tuan ◽  
C.J. Moore ◽  
J.W. Brittingham ◽  
J.J. Kirwin ◽  
R.E. Akins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Choriocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Human Choriocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxy Vitamin D3

During human fetal development, placental syncytiotrophoblasts actively transport calcium from the maternal to the fetal circulation. Two functional components, a cytosolic Ca2(+)-binding protein (CaBP) and a Ca2(+)-ATPase have been identified in the syncytiotrophoblasts of the chorionic villi. We report here the calcium uptake properties of a human choriocarcinoma cell line, JEG-3, which was used as an in vitro model cell system for the syncytiotrophoblasts. In culture, JEG-3 proliferated as large syncytial aggregates expressing typical syncytiotrophoblast markers. 45Ca uptake by JEG-3 was a substrate- and temperature-dependent, membrane-mediated active process that exhibited linear kinetics for up to 7 min. Both the CaBP and the Ca2(+)-ATPase were expressed by JEG-3, on the basis of biochemical, histochemical, immunochemical and or mRNA assays. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that JEG-3 cells were heterogeneous with respect to the expression of the CaBP. The Ca2(+)-ATPase activity of JEG-3 was similar to the placental enzyme in terms of sensitivity to specific inhibitors, and was detected histochemically along the cell membrane. Fura-2 Ca2+ imaging revealed that calcium uptake by JEG-3 was not accompanied by a concomitant increase in cytosolic [Ca2+], suggesting a specific Ca2+ sequestration mechanism. The involvement of calciotropic hormonal regulation was evaluated by studying the response of JEG-3 to 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Calcium uptake was significantly stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by a 24-h treatment of the cells with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (optimal dose approximately 0.5 nM); the CaBP level doubled whereas steady-state CaBP mRNA did not, suggesting that CaBP expression was regulated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. These observations strongly suggest that the JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells should serve as a convenient in vitro model system for studying the cellular mechanism and regulation of transplacental calcium transport.

scholarly journals Use of an in vitro model of hepatic steatosis for studying the anti-oxidant and antisteatotic effects of fucoidan polysaccharides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab El Rashed ◽  
Hala Khalife ◽  
Adriana Voci ◽  
Elena Grasselli ◽  
Laura Canesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterised by fat accumulation in hepatocytes in the form of triacyglycerols (TAGs) within cytosolic lipid droplets. Fucoidans (FUs) are biologically active polysaccharides usually isolated from brown marine algae, but recently identified also in terrestrial plants. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-steatotic effects of FUs purified from C. compressa, F. hermonis, and E. globulus. To this aim, we used a validated NAFLD in vitro model consisting of rat hepatoma FaO cells exposed to an oleate/palmitate mixture. Such a model is suitable for rapid investigation of direct effects of natural and artificial compounds, together with satisfying the strategy of 3Rs for laboratory use of animals. Our results indicated that all FUs display anti-oxidant and anti-steatotic activities. Steatotic FaO cells may be employed to further study the biological effects of FUs.

Vitamin D-regulated calcium transport in Caco-2 cells: unique in vitro model

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. G207-G212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Giuliano ◽  
R. J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vitro Model

The human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 is the only intestinal cell line to differentiate spontaneously in culture exhibiting structural and biochemical characteristics of mature enterocytes and to possess a vitamin D receptor in the fully differentiated state. Transepithelial calcium transport was characterized in differentiated Caco-2 cells grown on permeable filters supports to assess the potential utility of this cell line as an in vitro model to study 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-induced calcium transport. Calcium transport was increased in a dose-dependent manner by 1,25(OH)2D3. Total calcium transport at different calcium concentrations could be fitted to a modified Michaelis-Menten equation containing a linear transport component. The maximum rate of saturable calcium transport was increased by 4.3-fold (P less than 0.005) in cells treated with 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)2D3. This treatment also increased the apparent buffer calcium concentration that results in half-maximal velocity from 0.4 to 1.3 mM but had no significant effect on nonsaturable calcium transport. Caco-2 cells grown on permeable filter supports provide a unique in vitro human cell culture model to study the mechanism of vitamin D-regulated transepithelial intestinal calcium transport.

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