scholarly journals Sulfur amino acid restriction, energy metabolism and obesity: a study protocol of an 8-week randomized controlled dietary intervention with whole foods and amino acid supplements

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Stolt ◽  
Thomas Olsen ◽  
Amany Elshorbagy ◽  
Viktor Kožich ◽  
Marleen van Greevenbroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Whole Foods

Abstract Background Dietary sulfur amino acid (SAA) restriction is an established animal model for increasing lifespan and improving metabolic health. Data from human studies are limited. In the study outlined in this protocol, we will evaluate if dietary SAA restriction can reduce body weight and improve resting energy expenditure (REE) and parameters related to metabolic health. Method/design Men and women (calculated sample size = 60), aged 18–45 years, with body mass index of 27–35 kg/m2 will be included in a double-blind 8-week dietary intervention study. The participants will be randomized in a 1:1 manner to a diet with either low or high SAA. Both groups will receive an equal base diet consisting of low-SAA plant-based whole foods and an amino acid supplement free of SAA. Contrasting SAA contents will be achieved using capsules with or without methionine and cysteine (SAAhigh, total diet SAA ~ 50–60 mg/kg body weight/day; SAAlow, total diet SAA ~ 15–25 mg/kg body weight/day). The primary outcome is body weight change. Data and material collection will also include body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), resting energy expenditure (whole-room indirect calorimetry) and samples of blood, urine, feces and adipose tissue at baseline, at 4 weeks and at study completion. Measures will be taken to promote and monitor diet adherence. Data will be analyzed using linear mixed model regression to account for the repeated measures design and within-subject correlation. Discussion The strength of this study is the randomized double-blind design. A limitation is the restrictive nature of the diet which may lead to poor compliance. If this study reveals a beneficial effect of the SAAlow diet on body composition and metabolic health, it opens up for new strategies for prevention and treatment of overweight, obesity and its associated disorders. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04701346, Registration date: January 8th, 2021

scholarly journals Effect of Citrulline and Leucine Intake with Exercises on Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Amino Acid Concentration in Older Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3117
Author(s):  
Mijin Kim ◽  
Hiroko Isoda ◽  
Tomohiro Okura
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

The combined intake of citrulline (CIT) and leucine (LEU) can stimulate protein synthesis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of combined intake of CIT and LEU accompanied by exercise for 20 weeks on body composition, physical activity (PA), and amino acid concentrations in older Japanese women with low body mass index (BMI) (16 to 21 kg/m2) using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. The supplement was administered twice a day for 20 weeks (Ex (exercise) + CIT·LEU group, n = 10: mainly 0.8 g CIT and 1.6 g LEU; Ex + Placebo group, n = 13: mainly 3.5 g carbohydrate). Additionally, both groups exercised (weight-bearing exercise, square stepping exercise) once a week for 75 min. Body composition, PA, and amino acid concentrations in the plasma were measured. Body weight, BMI, body mass, household PA, total PA, and phenylalanine significantly increased in the Ex + CIT·LEU group (p < 0.05) post intervention. This study suggests that the combined intake of CIT and LEU accompanied by exercise can improve body weight, BMI, body mass, and PA in older women with low BMI, which may prevent sarcopenia and frailty.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory dietary intervention improved metabolic profile and body composition of obese adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Kenđel Jovanović ◽  
Sandra Pavičić Žeželj ◽  
Sanja Klobučar Majanović ◽  
Ines Mrakovčić Šutić ◽  
Greta Krešić
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hs Crp

AbstractIt has become evident that chronic low-grade inflammation associated with excess adipose tissue plays an important role in the etiology of insulin resistance and other obesity related metabolic disturbances. Weight loss intervention focusing on anti-inflammatory dietary modification might help to attenuate and eventually reverse these disturbances. In this random case-control nutrition intervention study we hypothesized that obese patients will improve their inflammatory and metabolic status together with body composition following anti-inflammatory diet during 24 weeks. Body composition parameters of 42 obese patients, who completed the study, were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (Seca®, mBCA 515 Medical Body Composition Analyzer). Their inflammatory status was assessed with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and insulin resistance with HOMA index. The inflammatory potential of their diet was assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), based on 37 food parameters which derived from 123-item food frequency questionnaire. A positive DII® designates a diet with pro-inflammatory potential, while negative DII® designates a diet with anti-inflammatory potential. Data and z-scores were analyzed with Statistica v13.3 (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, USA) for baseline and study end parameters differences. Obtained results have shown that, at the end of study, the patients significantly reduced their body weight (-3.3 %, p < 0.001), BMI (-3.2 %, p < 0.001), waist circumference (-1.9 %, p < 0.001), total (-3.3 %, p < 0.001) and visceral body fat (-10.4 %, p < 0.001), total (-3.1 %, p < 0.001) and extracellular water (-2.9 %, p < 0.001). The patients also significantly reduced hs-CRP (-37.7 %, p = 0.0025). Although we observed noteworthy -10.7 % reduction of HOMA index, this finding did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.862). The inflammatory potential of patients’ diet changed significantly from -0.45 to -1.73 on average (p < 0.001). With presented dietary intervention study it could be concluded that the change of the diet toward more anti-inflammatory milieu had significant influence on body weight, total and visceral body fat reduction. Consequently, those changes could have been involved in observed significant improvement of their inflammatory status. However, mild reduction of insulin resistance and rather small study group pointed out the need for further studies with more comprehensive dietary intervention.

scholarly journals Effect of L-citrulline, L-leucine, and multicomponent exercises on body compositions, physical activity, and amino acid concentrations in older Japanese women with low body mass index: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mijin Kim ◽  
Hiroko Isoda ◽  
Tomohiro Okura
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Abstract Background: The intake of citrulline (CIT) and leucine (LEU) can stimulate protein synthesis. However, the efficacy of the combined intervention of CIT and LEU intake with exercise on body composition and physical activity (PA) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of CIT and LEU intake and weight-bearing exercises (WBE) and square stepping exercise (SSE) for 20 weeks on body composition, PA, and amino acid concentration in older women with low body mass index (BMI) (16 to 21 kg/m 2 ). Methods: A total of 23 participants practiced WBE and SSE once a week for 75 minutes and were administered supplement (Ex + CIT·LEU group: CIT 0.8 g and LEU 1.6 g; Ex + Placebo group: 3.5 g carbohydrate) twice a day for 20 weeks. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA, including leisure-time, household, and occupational PA, was assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Amino acid concentrations in the blood were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: Significant interactions were observed in the body weight, BMI, lean mass, body mass, household and total PA, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. The within-group analysis showed that tyrosine of post-intervention measurement (Post) significantly in both groups ( p < 0.05). Body weight, BMI, lean mass, body mass, household PA, total PA, and phenylalanine of Post increased significantly in the Ex + CIT·LEU group ( p < 0.05). Additionally, significant positive correlations were observed between the intake rate of supplements and bone mass ( r = 0.80) and between the practice rate of WBE at home and bone mineral density ( r = 0.66) in the Ex + CIT·LEU group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the intake of CIT and LEU, with the practice of WBE and SSE, could improve body weight, muscle mass, bone mass, and PA in older women with low BMI, which may prevent sarcopenia and frailty.Trial registration: UMIN000022385. Registered 20 May 2016, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-39 bin/ctr/ctr.cgi?function=brows&action=brows&recptno=R000025797&type=summary&language=J

scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates (NEON) trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition: a randomised double-blind controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabita Uthaya ◽  
Xinxue Liu ◽  
Daphne Babalis ◽  
Caroline Dore ◽  
Jane Warwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
To Receive

BackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) is central to the care of very immature infants. Early intakes of higher amounts of amino acids and the use of lipid emulsions containing fish oils are recommended by current international recommendations.ObjectiveTo confirm the safety and demonstrate efficacy of the immediate introduction of the recommended daily intake of amino acids (Imm-RDI) and soya bean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil and fish oil lipid in PN to increase non-adipose (lean) body mass and decrease intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) content.DesignMulticentre, double-blind, 2 × 2 factorial and randomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingNeonatal units in London and south-east England, UK.ParticipantsExtremely preterm infants born before 31 weeks of gestation without major congenital or life-threatening abnormalities who could to be randomised to receive PN within 24 hours of birth.InterventionsInfants were randomised within 24 hours of birth to receive PN containing either high [RDI of amino acids (Imm-RDI)] or low [incremental amino acids (Inc-AA) control] levels of amino acids. In addition, infants were randomised to receive either 20% SMOFlipid®(Fresenius Kabi AG, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada) or 20% Intralipid®(Fresenius Kabi AG, Richmond Hill, ON, Canada) (control). This resulted in four groups: (1) Inc-AA/Intralipid, (2) Inc-AA/SMOFlipid, (3) Imm-RDI/Intralipid and (4) Imm-RDI/SMOFlipid. The intervention was continued until infants were receiving 150 ml/kg/day of enteral feeds for 24 hours.Primary outcome measureFor the amino acid intervention, this was non-adipose or lean body mass measured by magnetic resonance imaging. For the lipid composition intervention, this was IHCL content as measured by hepatic magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Primary outcomes were measured at term age equivalent, between 37 and 44 weeks postmenstrual age.ResultsWe randomised 168 infants born before 31 weeks of gestation. We evaluated outcomes, at term, in 133 infants. There were no significant differences in non-adipose mass between the Imm-RDI and Inc-AA groups [adjusted mean difference 1.0 g, 95% confidence interval (CI) –108 to 111 g] or in levels of IHCLs between the SMOFlipid and Intralipid groups (adjusted mean SMOFlipid to Intralipid ratio 1.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.6). Infants receiving the Imm-RDI were more likely than Inc-AA infants to have blood urea nitrogen levels > 7 mmol/l [75% vs. 49% (p < 0.01)] and > 10 mmol/l [49% vs. 18% (p < 0.01)]. Furthermore, head circumference at term was smaller in the Imm-RDI group (mean difference –0.8 cm, 95% CI –1.5 to –0.1 cm;p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in any prespecified secondary outcomes, including adiposity, liver function tests, weight, length and mortality.LimitationsNot all eligible babies were available for recruitment, as pharmacy staff trained in clinical trial procedures were unavailable at weekends in three of the four centres. We were able to assess brain volumes in only one-third of participants, as imaging was carried out while the participants were sleeping naturally and we measured primary outcomes first and continued to brain imaging only if the infant remained asleep.ConclusionsImmediate delivery of the recommended daily intake of parenteral amino acids does not benefit body composition or growth to term and may be harmful; SMOFlipid does not affect IHCL content.Future workThe long-term functional outcomes of early administration of RDI of amino acids and the use of SMOFlipid, including neurodevelopment, body composition and metabolic health, should be evaluated.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN29665319 and EudraCT 2009-016731-34.FundingThis project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme, a Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research partnership.

scholarly journals A modified low-protein infant formula supports adequate growth in healthy, term infants: a randomized, double-blind, equivalence trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 962-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie M P Kouwenhoven ◽  
Nadja Antl ◽  
Martijn J J Finken ◽  
Jos W R Twisk ◽  
Eline M van der Beek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Equivalence Trial ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Formula Group

ABSTRACT Background A high protein intake in early life is associated with a risk of obesity later in life. The essential amino acid requirements of formula-fed infants have been reassessed recently, enabling a reduction in total protein content and thus in protein intake. Objectives We aimed to assess the safety of an infant formula with a modified amino acid profile and a modified low-protein (mLP) content in healthy term-born infants. Outcomes were compared with a specifically designed control (CTRL) infant formula. Methods In this double-blind, randomized controlled equivalence trial, infants received either mLP (1.7 g protein/100 kcal; n = 90) or CTRL formula (2.1 g protein/100 kcal; n = 88) from enrollment (age ≤ 45 d) to 6 mo of age. A breastfed group served as a reference (n = 67). Anthropometry and body composition were determined at baseline, 17 wk (including safety blood parameters), and 6 mo of age. The primary outcome was daily weight gain from enrollment up until the age of 17 wk (at an equivalence margin of ±3.0 g/d). Results Weight gain from baseline (mean ± SD age: 31 ± 9 d) up to the age of 17 wk was equivalent between the mLP and CTRL formula groups (27.9 and 28.8 g/d, respectively; difference: −0.86 g/d; 90% CI: −2.36, 0.63 g/d). No differences in other growth parameters, body composition, or in adverse events were observed. Urea was significantly lower in the mLP formula group than in the CTRL formula group (−0.74 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.97, −0.51 mmol/L; P &lt; 0.001). Growth rates, fat mass, fat-free mass, and several essential amino acids were significantly higher in both formula groups than in the breastfed reference group. Conclusions Feeding an infant formula with a modified amino acid profile and a lower protein content from an average age of 1 mo until the age of 6 mo is safe and supports an adequate growth, similar to that of infants consuming CTRL formula. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as Trial NL4677.

scholarly journals Helianthus annuus Seed Extract Affects Weight and Body Composition of Healthy Obese Adults during 12 Weeks of Consumption: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Leverrier ◽  
David Daguet ◽  
Wim Calame ◽  
Pierre Dhoye ◽  
Shyam Prasad Kodimule
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Double Blind

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed extract, standardized for 40% chlorogenic acids on weight and body composition of obese adults. Fifty subjects were randomly assigned to sunflower extract or isocaloric placebo groups, receiving respectively 500 mg/day of treatment for 12 weeks. At the end of the intervention, a significant decrease in body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and waist circumference was observed, especially for obese female subjects above 30 years. Those changes were associated with modified body composition related to fat mass loss. A decrease in blood cholesterol was also observed, supporting the potential action of sunflower extract on lipid metabolism. It was concluded that consumption of sunflower extract has a beneficial effect on body weight, fat mass, and lipid profile, providing evidence for its use as a natural anti-obesity herbal extract.

scholarly journals Changes in body composition in broilers by a sulfur amino acid deficiency during growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1266-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Conde-Aguilera ◽  
C. Cobo-Ortega ◽  
S. Tesseraud ◽  
M. Lessire ◽  
Y. Mercier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency

scholarly journals A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of liraglutide 3 mg [LIRA 3mg] on weight, body composition, hormonal and metabolic parameters in women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Elkind-Hirsch ◽  
Neil Chappell ◽  
Donna Shaler ◽  
John Storment ◽  
Drake Bellanger
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Change In Mean

Abstract BackgroundThe efficacy of lifestyle modifications for established obesity is limited in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and more aggressive interventions are needed. We assessed the efficacy and safety of the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide 3mg (LIRA 3mg) versus placebo (PL) for reduction of body weight and hyperandrogenism in women with obesity and PCOSMethodsThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled women from a single-outpatient center diagnosed with PCOS (NIH criteria) with a body-mass index of at least 30 kg/m.2 Participants were randomly allocated (2:1) to treatment with a subcutaneous injection LIRA 3mg or visually matching placebo, once daily for 32 weeks, plus lifestyle intervention. Study visits at baseline, and 32 weeks included weight, blood pressure (BP), waist (WC) measures and body composition evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were done to assess glycemia, mean blood glucose (MBG), and compute insulin sensitivity (SI) and secretion (IS) measures. Sex steroids, free androgen index (FAI), complete metabolic profile and lipid profiles were measured in the fasting sample. Co-primary endpoints were change in body weight (BW) and FAI. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03480022FindingsFrom October 2018 to June 2020, 88 patients were screened, of whom 82 were randomly assigned to LIRA 3mg (n = 55) or PL (n = 27). Change in mean BW from baseline to week 32 was − 5.7% (SE 0·.75) with LIRA 3mg vs. -1.4% (1.09) with PL (P < 0.002). At week 32, more patients on LIRA 3 mg than on placebo achieved weight reductions of at least 5% (25[57%] of 44 vs. 5 [22%] of 23; (p < 0·007). LIRA 3mg resulted in significant reduction of FAI, improvements in SI and IS as well as OGTT MBG, and improved body fat by DXA. Gastrointestinal adverse events, which were mostly mild to moderate, were reported in 32 (58.2%) of 55 patients with LIRA 3mg, and 5 (18.5%) of 27 with PL.InterpretationIn obese women with PCOS, LIRA 3mg once daily achieved a superior and clinically meaningful decrease in BW and androgenicity and improved cardiometabolic parameters compared with placebo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document