Hydration status and fluid intake of urban, underprivileged South African male adolescent soccer players during training

Background and objectives. Little is known of the fluid replacement habits of participants in mountain bike (MTB) endurance events. This survey set out to determine the current perceptions and practices of this group of endurance athletes. Method. Four hundred and twelve participants in the 3- day 2006 Sani2C (MTB) race completed questionnaires that elicited information regarding their regular fluid intake practices during competitive MTB endurance events. This included their general approach to fluid replacement, their fluid intake practices (type, amount and frequency), urine output and hydration status. Results. While 70% (N = 290) reported that they based their fluid intake practices on personal past experiences, less than half the group (N = 177, 43%) were aware of official sport-specific guidelines. Although 86% (N = 354) reported making use of commercially available sport-specific drinks, consumption of water alone was reported by 34% of respondents (N = 140). The majority (N = 225, 55%) of the mountain bikers reported drinking every 16 - 30 minutes during an endurance ride, while 35% (N = 144) reported drinking every 0 - 15 minutes. Fifty-three per cent (N = 182) of the male respondents and 45% (N = 23) of female respondents reported a routine intake of ≥ 750 ml per hour during endurance rides. This included 2 women who reported regular intakes of between 1 500 and 2 000 ml/hr. Only 7 (2%) reported receiving medical care for dehydration following their participation in previous MTB rides. Conclusions. This survey indicates that although more than half of the mountain bikers did not acknowledge specific awareness of the official fluid replacement guidelines, over 80% reported drinking regularly during a race, and 52% (N = 212) reported a usual intake of ≥ 750 ml/hr during endurance races. Until scientific studies have carefully examined the hydration status and fluid replacement needs of mountain bikers, MTB cyclists are cautioned against the practice of over-hydrating. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 52-58

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Hydration Status, Fluid Intake, and Electrolyte Losses in Youth Soccer Players

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.7.4.367 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 367-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Craig A. Williams ◽

Jamie Blackwell

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Sweat Loss ◽

Large Variability ◽

Youth Soccer ◽

Sports Science ◽

Adequate Hydration

The purpose of the study was to determine the hydration status, fluid intake, and electrolyte losses of 21 male professional youth soccer players (age 17.1 ± 0.7 y) training in a cool environment. Pretraining and posttraining measurements of body mass, urine (freezing-point osmolality method), and sweat concentration (flame-emission spectroscopy) were collected. Fourteen players were found to be hypohydrated before training. The amount of fluid lost due to exercise equated to a 1.7% loss in body mass, which equated to a gross dehydration loss of 0.5%. Overall, the soccer players replaced 46% ± 88% of sweat loss during training, and only 4 remained hypohydrated after training. No significant correlations between sweat loss and sweat concentrations of Na+ (r = –.11, P = .67) or K+ (r = .14, P = .58) were found, but there was a significant correlation with Mg2+ (r = –.58, P < .009). This study found large variability in pretraining hydration status that the players were able to rehydrate during the training sessions. However, given the numbers starting training in a hypohydrated state, adequate hydration status before training should be considered by youth players, coaches, and sports-science support staff.

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Association between hydration status, hydration knowledge and fluid consumption during training among soccer players

Physical Education of Students ◽

10.15561/20755279.2019.0104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

N. Jusoh ◽

S. Salim

Keyword(s):

Fluid Intake ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Training Session ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Urine Specific Gravity ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Sweat Loss ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Colour Chart ◽

Urine Colour

Study Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between hydration status, knowledge of hydration and the amount of fluid intake consumption during training among the soccer players. Material and Methods: Pre-training hydration status was measured by urine colour chart and Urine Specific Gravity (USG). A questionnaire on hydration knowledge was answered by the participants on the last day of training session. Pearson Correlation test was used to analyse the correlation between hydration status, knowledge of hydration and total amount of fluid intake among the participants. Results: The results showed that the participants were dehydrated during the three days of training. Sixty four percent of the participants had a satisfactory knowledge of hydration. However, the results indicated that the sweat loss was higher than fluid intake during the training. Pearson test revealed there were positive correlation between USG and urine colour (r=0.809, p<0.001) as well as urine colour and fluid intake (r = .424, p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings indicate the needs to increase awareness of pre training hydration status among the participants.

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Physical Performance and Anthropometric Characteristics of Male South African University Soccer Players

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2017-0098 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 153-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alliance Kubayi ◽

Yvonne Paul ◽

Prescott Mahlangu ◽

Abel Toriola

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Height ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Successful Performance ◽

Physiological Profile ◽

Percentage Of Body Fat ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics ◽

Better Than

Abstract Soccer is the most popular sport worldwide. Despite its global acclaim, scientific studies of soccer have tended to focus on tactics and techniques, thereby neglecting the physical and physiological profile of the players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine physical and anthropometric characteristics of male South African university soccer players. Twenty-seven male soccer players aged 19 to 24 (mean age: 22.1 years; s = 1.5 years) volunteered to participate in the study. The results showed that goalkeepers (77.5 ± 9.7 kg) and defenders (68.2 ± 6.5 kg) were the heaviest compared to players in other playing positions. The goalkeepers also had the highest percentage of body fat (11.3 ± 2.3%), in contrast to midfielders who had the lowest body fat content (9.1 ± 0.9%). With regard to flexibility, defenders (45.1 ± 4.9 cm) and midfielders (45.9 ± 5.4 cm) performed better than goalkeepers (37.1 ± 4.3 cm) and strikers (40.1 ± 3.4 cm). Midfielders (57.2 ± 3.1 ml1·kg−1·min1) and defenders (56.1 ± 5.1 ml1·kg−1·min1) had significantly higher values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) than goalkeepers (47.9 ± 0.2 ml−1·kg−1·min−1) and strikers (49.8 ± 6.2 ml−1·kg−1·min−1). No significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed for all other variables, with the exception of body height, body mass, and VO2max. It was therefore concluded that sports scientists and coaches should tailor conditioning programmes in soccer according to players’ positions in view of the implications for successful performance.

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Effects of the Amount and Frequency of Fluid Intake on Cognitive Performance and Mood among Young Adults in Baoding, Hebei, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17238813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 8813

Author(s):

Hairong He ◽

Jianfen Zhang ◽

Na Zhang ◽

Songming Du ◽

Shufang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Memory Test ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Time Point

Water is a critical nutrient that is important for the maintenance of the physiological function of the human body. This article aimed to investigate the effects of the amount and frequency of fluid intake on cognitive performance and mood. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented on college students aged 18–23 years in Baoding, China. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups: the recommended behavior group (RB group) who drank 200 mL of water every 2 h, the half amount group (HA group) who drank 100 mL of water every 2 h, and the high frequency group (HF group) who drank 110 mL of water every 1 h. The intervention lasted 2 days. Urine osmolality, cognitive performance, and mood of participants in each group were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A total of 92 participants (46 females, 46 males) completed this study with a completion rate of 95.8%. The urine osmolality of the HA group was higher than that of the RB group and the HF group at two time points (p < 0.05). At time point 1, the scores in the portrait memory test and vigor were statistically different (F = 20.45, p < 0.001; F = 5.46, p = 0.006). It was found that the scores for the portrait memory test in the RB group were lower than those in the HA group and the HF group (p = 0.007; p < 0.001), while the scores of the HF group were higher than those of the HA group (p < 0.001). The scores for vigor in the RB group were significantly higher than those of the HA group (p = 0.006), and they were also significantly higher than those of the HF group (p = 0.004). At time point 2, only the scores for vigor were statistically different (F = 3.80, p = 0.026). It was found that the scores for vigor in the RB group were higher than those in the HA group and HF group (p = 0.018; p = 0.019). Both the amount and frequency of fluid intake may affect urine osmolality and vigor, but these factors have limited impacts on cognitive performance. Rational fluid intake behavior may be beneficial to improve the hydration status and mood of young adults. More research is needed, especially experimental research, to allow causal conclusions to be drawn.

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Fluid intake, hydration status and its association with cognitive function among adolescents in Petaling Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia

Nutrition Research and Practice ◽

10.4162/nrp.2020.14.5.490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 490

Author(s):

Serene En Hui Tung ◽

Yi Zhang Ch'ng ◽

Thaneswary V Karnan ◽

Pei Nee Chong ◽

Jamil Osman Zubaidah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Hydration Status

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Kecenderungan dehidrasi pada remaja obesitas

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.7.1.43-48 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Deny Yudi Fitranti ◽

Fillah Fithra Dieny ◽

Binar Panunggal ◽

Vintantiana Sukmasari ◽

Gardinia Nugrahani

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Obese People ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Obese Subjects

Background : The content of water in fat cells in obese people is lower than muscle cells so that obese people are more easily dehydrated.Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors of dehydration in adolescents.Methods : This study was a cross sectional study which began with screening of 168 students at SMA N 1 and 2 Semarang and found 63 students fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variable of this study is hydration status measured by the urine spesific gravity method. The independent variables consisted of obesity status that determined by the BMI/Age Z-score value, fluid intake was assessed using Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), physical activity was assessed using physical activity questionnaire, whereas knowledge regarding fluid was assessed by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test.Results ; There were 52,4% (n=33) subjects who were obese and only 9,5% (n=6) subjects were well-hydrated. The incidence of dehydration in obese adolescents (63,6%) was higher than non obese adolescents (36,7%). Obese subjects was 1.73 times more dehydrated than non obese subjects. Subject with deficiency of fluid intake was 1,85 times more dehydrated than subject with adequate fluid intake. Knowledge regarding fluid and physical activity was not a risk factor for dehydration in adolescents.Conclusion :Obesity and inadequate fluid intake ia risk factor for dehydration in adolescents

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The Influence of Heat Acclimation and Hypohydration on Post-Weight-Loss Exercise Performance

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 213-221

Author(s):

Oliver R. Barley ◽

Dale W. Chapman ◽

Georgios Mavropalias ◽

Chris R. Abbiss

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Heat Acclimation ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Performance Variables ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Experimental Trials ◽

Food And Fluid Intake

Purpose: To examine the influence of fluid intake on heat acclimation and the subsequent effects on exercise performance following acute hypohydration. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups, either able to consume water ad libitum (n = 10; age 23 [3] y, height 1.81 [0.09] m, body mass 87 [13] kg; HAW) or not allowed fluid (n = 10; age 26 [5] y, height 1.76 [0.05] m, body mass 79 [10] kg; HANW) throughout 12 × 1.5-h passive heat-acclimation sessions. Experimental trials were completed on 2 occasions before (2 baseline trials) and 1 following the heat-acclimation sessions. These sessions involved 3 h of passive heating (45°C, 38% relative humidity) to induce hypohydration followed by 3 h of ad libitum food and fluid intake after which participants performed a repeat sled-push test to assess physical performance. Urine and blood samples were collected before, immediately, and 3 h following hypohydration to assess hydration status. Mood was also assessed at the same time points. Results: No meaningful differences in physiological or performance variables were observed between HANW and HAW at any time point. Using pooled data, mean sprint speed was significantly (P < .001) faster following heat acclimation (4.6 [0.7] s compared with 5.1 [0.8] s). Furthermore, heat acclimation appeared to improve mood following hypohydration. Conclusions: Results suggest that passive heat-acclimation protocols may be effective at improving short-duration repeat-effort performance following acute hypohydration.

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Small Differences in Everyday Hydration Status Influence Mood (P04-134-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz051.p04-134-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

David Benton ◽

Alecia Cousins ◽

Hayley Young

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Psychological Functioning ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Lower Baseline ◽

Urine Production ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Reviews consistently find that a loss of about 2% of body mass was needed before either athletic or psychological functioning is disrupted. However, although it is usually assumed that the minor changes in hydration status, that occur during normal life, do not impact on performance, experimentally the topic has been virtually ignored. The impact of everyday variations in hydration was therefore examined. Methods 168 subjects were randomly allocated to drinking water, or not drinking, and in addition consume capsules containing either 300 mg of sodium chloride or a placebo. Subjects were monitored over a three-hour period, during which urine osmolality, loss of body mass and urine production were monitored. Repeatedly subjects reported their mood. Results Subjects came having consumed their normal diet, without any restriction on fluid intake: on average 0.5% body mass was lost during the study. The major finding was that the hydration status on arrival had a greater influence, than subsequent fluid intake and changes in osmolality during the study. With ratings of being agreeable rather than hostile, those with lower baseline osmolality who drank water had better mood than if baseline osmolality was high. As another example, the mood of those who did not drink water only declined during the study when baseline osmolality was high rather than low. With measures of being composed rather than anxious, and being confidence rather than unsure, those who had lower baseline osmolality had a better mood, irrespective of whether water was consumed. Thus, baseline osmolality had an impact greater than drink induced changes in osmolality. Traditionally the normal range of urine osmolality has been said to be 200–800 mOsmoles/kg, yet the critical point at which the response to fluid intake changed was 600 mOsmoles/kg: 61% had a baseline osmolality over 600 and 38% over 800 mOsmoles/kg. Conclusions Some individuals are in a state of dehydration that adversely influences mood; a state not reversed by acute fluid consumption. The pattern of consumption associated with mild-dehydration and its functional consequences needs to be established. Funding Sources There was no funding external other than provided by ** University.

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