Domestic violence related disclosure among women and girls in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Domestic violence is common public health problem. Domestic violence related disclosure is an important first step in the process of prevention, control and treatments of domestic violence related adverse effect. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of domestic violence related disclosure and synthesize its associated factors. Methods We followed the PRISMA Guidelines to report the results of the finding. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Sciences were searched. The heterogeneity between studies was measured by the index of heterogeneity (I2 statistics) test. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to determine publication bias. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was carried out. To calculate the pooled prevalence, a random effects model was utilized. Results Twenty one eligible studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of domestic violence related non-disclosure was found to be 36.2% (95% CI, 31.8–40.5%). Considering violence as normal or not serious, shame, embarrassment and fear of disclosure related consequences were the common barriers for non-disclosure. Conclusion More than one third of women and girls were not disclosed their experience of domestic violence. The finding of this study suggests the need of evaluation and strengthening of the collaborative work among different sectors such as: policy-makers, service providers, administrative personnel and community leaders including the engagement of men partner. This study also suggests the needs of women empowerments against the traditional belief, attitude, and practice.

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with birth asphyxia among neonates delivered in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255488 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255488

Author(s):

Ritbano Ahmed ◽

Hassen Mosa ◽

Mohammed Sultan ◽

Shamill Eanga Helill ◽

Biruk Assefa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Chronic Hypertension ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Background A number of primary studies in Ethiopia address the prevalence of birth asphyxia and the factors associated with it. However, variations were seen among those studies. The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the pooled prevalence and explore the factors that contribute to birth asphyxia in Ethiopia. Methods Different search engines were used to search online databases. The databases include PubMed, HINARI, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Relevant grey literature was obtained through online searches. The funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias, and the I-squared was applied to check the heterogeneity of the studies. Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies that were conducted in Ethiopia were also be included. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to assess the quality of the studies and was included in this systematic review. Data entry and statistical analysis were carried out using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 14. Result After reviewing 1,125 studies, 26 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of birth asphyxia in Ethiopia was 19.3%. In the Ethiopian context, the following risk factors were identified: Antepartum hemorrhage(OR: 4.7; 95% CI: 3.5, 6.1), premature rupture of membrane(OR: 4.0; 95% CI: 12.4, 6.6), primiparas(OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.9, 4.1), prolonged labor(OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 2.8, 6.6), maternal anaemia(OR: 5.1; 95% CI: 2.59, 9.94), low birth weight(OR = 5.6; 95%CI: 4.7,6.7), meconium stained amniotic fluid(OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 4.1, 7.5), abnormal presentation(OR = 5.7; 95% CI: 3.8, 8.3), preterm birth(OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.9, 5.8), residing in a rural area (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 2.0, 3.5), caesarean delivery(OR = 4.4; 95% CI:3.1, 6.2), operative vaginal delivery(OR: 4.9; 95% CI: 3.5, 6.7), preeclampsia(OR = 3.9; 95% CI: 2.1, 7.4), tight nuchal cord OR: 3.43; 95% CI: 2.1, 5.6), chronic hypertension(OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.8), and unable to write and read (OR = 4.2;95%CI: 1.7, 10.6). Conclusion According to the findings of this study, birth asphyxia is an unresolved public health problem in the Ethiopia. Therefore, the concerned body needs to pay attention to the above risk factors in order to decrease the country’s birth asphyxia. Review registration PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42020165283).

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Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tropical Diseases Travel Medicine and Vaccines ◽

10.1186/s40794-020-00127-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Siraj Hussen ◽

Demissie Assegu ◽

Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse ◽

Techalew Shimelis

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

African Countries ◽

Preventive Chemotherapy ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Schistosomiasis is a common helminthic infection in the tropics and subtropics, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. In these counties, Schistosoma mansoni infection is a significant public health problem due to the risk of reinfection and recurrent disease despite implementing several rounds preventive chemotherapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the pooled prevalence of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia. Methods The PRISMA guidelines were followed to perform the systematic review and meta-analysis. Published studies from January 1999 to June 2020 were searched in Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINARI, and Cochrane Library using key words including: “prevalence”, “incidence”, “schistosomiasis” “Bilharziasis”, “Bilharzia”, “S. mansoni “, “Ethiopia”. Heterogeneity of included studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q test and I2 test statistics while publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test. Results Ninety-four studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of S. mansoni in Ethiopia was 18.0% (95%CI: 14.0–23.0). The southern region of Ethiopia had a higher S. mansoni prevalence of 25.9% (995% CI, 14.9–41.1) than the national prevalence. The burden of S. mansoni infection was also higher than the national average in rural areas and among men with pooled prevalence of 20.2% (95% CI, 13.2–28.5) and 28.5% (95%CI, 22.7,35.1), respectively. The trend analysis showed that the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in Ethiopia decreased over the past 15 years, potentially because of the repeated preventive chemotherapy. Conclusion The review unveiled a moderate prevalence of S. mansoni infection in Ethiopia. Targeted treatment of at-risk population groups ad high burden areas coupled with implementation of integrated vector control strategies are critical to address the burden of Schistosomiasis.

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Anemia as a risk factor for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-020-00931-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yemataw Gelaw ◽

Zegeye Getaneh ◽

Mulugeta Melku

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Double Burden ◽

Mesh Terms

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is a major public health problem caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, occurring predominantly in population with low socioeconomic status. It is the second most common cause of death from infectious diseases. Tuberculosis becomes a double burden among anemic patients. Anemia increases an individual’s susceptibility to infectious diseases including tuberculosis by reducing the immunity level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether anemia is a risk factor for tuberculosis. Method Relevant published articles were searched in electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library using the following MeSH terms: risk factor, predictors, tuberculosis, TB, Anaemia, Anemia, hemoglobin, Hgb, and Hb. Articles written in the English, observational studies conducted on the incidence/prevalence of tuberculosis among anemic patients, or papers examined anemia as risk factors for tuberculosis were included. From those studies meeting eligibility criteria, the first author’s name, publication year, study area, sample size and age of participants, study design, and effect measure of anemia for tuberculosis were extracted. The data were entered using Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata version 11 for analysis. The random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled OR and HR, and 95% CI. The sources of heterogeneity were tested by Cochrane I-squared statistics. The publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test statistics. Results A total of 17 articles with a 215,294 study participants were included in the analysis. The odd of tuberculosis among anemic patients was 3.56 (95% CI 2.53–5.01) times higher than non-anemic patients. The cohort studies showed that the HR of tuberculosis was 2.01 (95% CI 1.70–2.37) times higher among anemic patients than non-anemic patients. The hazard of tuberculosis also increased with anemia severity (HR 1.37 (95% CI 0.92–2.05), 2.08 (95% CI 1.14–3.79), and 2.66 (95% CI 1.71–4.13) for mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively). Conclusion According to the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we can conclude that anemia was a risk factor for tuberculosis. Therefore, anemia screening, early diagnose, and treatment should be provoked in the community to reduce the burden of tuberculosis.

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Occupational Related Upper and Low Back Pain Among Working Population of Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-257589/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dechasa Adare Mengistu ◽

Yohannes Mulugeta Demmu ◽

Addisu Alemu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Boolean Logic ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Low Back ◽

Working Population ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background: Back pains, such as low and upper back pains are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions that can cause major public health and socioeconomic problems. Back pain is one of the leading causes of disability that reduces worker performance and well-being and increases absence from work, which can cause an enormous economic burden. In developing countries, particularly in Ethiopia, there is no adequate evidence on the overall prevalence of occupational-related low and upper back pains and remain less prioritized and empirically unrepresented. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational-related low and upper back pains among the working population of Ethiopia.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis considered studies conducted in Ethiopia, written in English, and published from 2017-2020. Articles were searched from nine electronic databases (Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online database and Science Direct) using a combination of Boolean logic operators, Medical Subject Headings and main keywords. The quality assessment of the articles was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools to determine the relevance of the articles to the study. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence, the 95% confidence interval, and the degree of heterogeneity among the included studies. Sensitivity analyzes were performed to identify the influence of outliers and to identify sources of heterogeneity.Results: Of the 1,114 studies identified from the included databases, 20 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of occupational-related upper and low back pain in the previous year was 27.1% [95% CI: 18.4, 37.9] and 54.2% [95% CI: 48.2, 60.0], respectively. Based on a subgroup analysis by publication year, study population and countries where the studies are conducted, the prevalence of upper back pain was 43.8% [95% CI: 39.3, 47.7], 34.7% [95% CI: 33.1, 36.2], and 36.2% [95% CI: 33.6, 39.0], respectively, while the prevalence of low back pain was 61.8% [95% CI: 58.9, 64.6], 52.8% [95% CI: 51.3, 54.3] and 55.2% [95% CI: 51.4, 59.0], respectively.Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that 54.2% of the included study participants experienced low back pain in the previous year, while 27.1% experienced upper back pain. These problems may be reduced by considering proper observation of the principles of ergonomics in the workplace, and performing physical exercises on a regular basis.

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DHEA as a Biomarker of Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.688367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Frédéric Dutheil ◽

Sarah de Saint Vincent ◽

Bruno Pereira ◽

Jeannot Schmidt ◽

Farès Moustafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Stress ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Main Peak ◽

Significant Public Health Problem ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Two Measures

Background: Psychosocial stress is a significant public health problem inducing consequences for quality of life. Results about the use of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as a biomarker of acute stress are conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to demonstrate that DHEA levels could be a biomarker of stress.Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were searched on March 19, 2021 using the keywords “acute stress” AND “DHEA” OR “Dehydroepiandrosterone.” Articles needed to describe our primary outcome, i.e., induction of acute stress and at least two measures of DHEA.Results: We included 14 studies, with a total of 631 participants, in our meta-analysis. The DHEA levels increased overtime after acute stress [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.13–1.99]. Stratification by time showed a main peak at the end of stress (SMD = 2.43, 95%CI = 1.59–3.27), followed by a progressive decrease (coefficient = −0.11, 95%CI = −0.19 to −0.17, p = 0.020). There was no significant change 1 h after the end of acute stress. Metaregressions showed an impact of mental stress (SMD = 2.04, 95%CI = 1.43–2.65), sex (SMD = 0.02, 95%CI = 0.00–0.04), age (SMD = −0.12, 95%CI = −0.2 to −0.05), and obesity (SMD = 0.31, 95%CI = −0.00 to 0.63). There was no difference whatever the type of fluid (blood or saliva) and the measurement technique used.Conclusions: DHEA is a biomarker of acute stress, with a short-term increase (1 h). DHEA increases following acute mental stress, whatever the type and duration of mental stress. Women, young people, and obese individuals had a higher response. Blood and saliva measures were comparable.

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Global prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa and geographical variation—systematic review and meta-analysis

Biomedical Dermatology ◽

10.1186/s41702-019-0052-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kevin Phan ◽

Olivia Charlton ◽

Saxon D. Smith

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Usa

Abstract Background There is a significant variation in the reported prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), ranging from 0.03–4%. We hypothesized that this significant variation may be due to different prevalence rates of HS according to geographical location as well as sex. Objective We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to determine pooled overall prevalence of HS, prevalence stratified according to geographical region and sex. Materials and methods A systematic review was performed by searching Ovid Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, DARE, and Embase, from inception to August 2018. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed to determined pooled prevalence rates, with meta-regression based on geographic region. Prevalence in males versus females was also performed according to region. Results The overall pooled prevalence rate was 0.3% (0.2–0.6%) based on 118,760,093 HS cases available. Subgroup analysis demonstrated prevalence differences, with the highest being in Europe 0.8% (0.5–1.3%), compared to the USA 0.2% (0.1–0.4%), Asia-Pacific 0.2% (0.01–2.2%), and South America 0.2% (0.01–0.9%). Prevalence in males was lower compared to females in the USA (OR 0.403, 95% CI 0.37–0.439, P < 0.001) as well as in Europe (OR 0.635, 95% CI 0.397–1.015, P = 0.08) but not in the Asia-Pacific region (OR 0.936, 95% CI 0.319–2.751, P = 0.78). Conclusion Prevalence of HS varies significantly according to the geographical population. This variation is likely attributed to different ethnicity distributions amongst different continents. Level of evidence III

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Prevalence of Syphilis among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/4562385 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siraj Hussen ◽

Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Screening Program ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Forest Plot ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Sub Saharan

Objective. Syphilis is one of the most imperative STIs, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. During pregnancy it is associated with disastrous health outcomes in the newborn. In sub-Saharan Africa, study findings on the prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women are highly dispersed and inconsistent. The aim of the current review is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa among pregnant women. Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Sources. Databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and HINARI and reference lists of previous prevalence studies were systematically searched for relevant literature from January 1999 to November 2018. Results were presented in forest plot, tables, and figures. Random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. For the purpose of this review, a case of syphilis was defined as positive treponemal or nontreponemal tests among pregnant women. Data Extraction. Our search gave a total of 262 citations from all searched databases. Of these, 44 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria and comprising 175,546 subjects were finally included. Results. The pooled prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa was 2.9% (95%CI: 2.4%-3.4%). East and Southern African regions had a higher syphilis prevalence among pregnant women (3.2%, 95% CI: 2.3%-4.2% and 3.6%, 95%CI: 2.0%-5.1%, respectively) than the sub-Saharan African pooled prevalence. The prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in most parts of the region seemed to have decreased over the past 20 years except for the East African region. However, prevalence did not significantly differ by region and time period. Conclusion. This review showed a high prevalence of syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa among pregnant women. The evidence suggests strengthening the screening program during pregnancy as part of the care package during antenatal care visits. Programs focusing on primary prevention of syphilis in women should also be strengthened.

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Association between birth interval and wasting in children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037976 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e037976

Author(s):

Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽

Ayele Mamo Abebe ◽

Biruk Beletew Abate ◽

Ayelign Mengesha Kassie ◽

Murat Açık

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Interval ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Joint Estimation ◽

Hard Copy ◽

P Value ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Debre Berhan

IntroductionAccording to the UNICEF, WHO and World Bank joint estimation, 1 in every 13 children suffered from wasting globally. The highest burden of undernutrition recorded in Asia and Africa. Wasting remains a considerable public health problem in Ethiopia despite the introduction of exhaustive nutritional programmes. As reported in the literature, the prevalence of wasting in Ethiopia has remained high over the last four decades. In Ethiopia, more than one-third of child deaths are associated with malnutrition. The current nutritional interventions implemented in Ethiopia need to be evidence based. For this purpose, systematic review is preferable as it can present a more reliable and precise estimate than individual studies. The aim of this review is to assess the pooled prevalence of wasting and its association with birth interval in Ethiopia.MethodologyStudies published after 20 January 2012 will be retrieved from databases, mainly PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL and HINARI. The articles retrieved from databases will be selected after reading the title, abstract and full text. Three reviewers will independently assess the quality of each study using both the Joanna Briggs Institute and Ottawa Scale critical appraisal checklists. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be used to maintain scientific strength. Funnel plots, Egger’s test and Begg’s test will be used to deal with publication bias, and I2, forest plots and Cochrane’s Q square statistics will be used for heterogeneity. Potential causes of heterogeneity will be explored through sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Because heterogeneity among studies is inevitable, given the wide geographical area and variety of study designs, the Der-Simonian and Laird random-effects model will be used. The presence of a statistical association between birth interval and wasting will be declared if the p value is <0.05 with the 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationEthical issues will not be applicable to this review and meta-analysis. This review and meta-analysis will report the pooled prevalence of wasting and its association with birth interval in Ethiopia. Effort will be made to publish the findings in a peer-reviewed journal such as the Ethiopian Journal of Health and Development, and the findings will be presented at national conferences. A hard copy will also be sent to Woldia University and Debre Berhan University.

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Prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice and its Association with Maternal Employment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33296/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

GETU ENGIDA WAKE ◽

YOHANNES MOGES MITTIKU

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Maternity Leave ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Ethiopian Government ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as the practice of providing only breast-milk for an infant for the first 6 months of life without addition of any other food or water, which recommends initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of life and continued breastfeeding for up to 2 years of age or more. There are highly variable findings regarding the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia. Maternal employment is the most important factor contributing to the low practice of exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of this review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its association with maternal employment in the context of Ethiopia.Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases such as; PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane library, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal. Results: Forty-five studies were included in the final analysis after reviewing 751 studies in this meta-analysis yielding the pooled prevalence of EBF 60.42% (95% CI: 55.81-65.02%) in Ethiopia. The subgroup analysis showed the highest prevalence reported in a study conducted in SNNP and Tigray( 87.84%), a study published during (2015-2016) (64.60 %), and among studies with a sample size of less than 500 (64.15%). Those employed mothers were 57% less likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding in comparison to unemployed mothers in Ethiopia [OR] 0.43; 95% CI (0.31, 0.61).Conclusions: Maternal employment was significantly associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in comparison to their counterparts. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia is low in comparison to the global recommendation. Based On our findings, we recommended that the Ethiopian government should increase legislated paid maternity leave after delivery beyond current paid maternity leave and implement policies that empower women and create a conducive environment for mothers to practice exclusive breastfeeding in the workplace.

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Breast self-examination practice and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245252

Author(s):

Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila ◽

Getachew Mullu Kassa ◽

Selamawit Gebeyehu ◽

Peter Memiah ◽

Melaku Desta

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

African Countries ◽

Breast Self Examination ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Self Examination

Background The survival rate from breast cancer is lowest in African countries and the distribution of breast self-examination practice of and its determinants are not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of breast self-examination and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases used were; PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Dimensions and Summon per country online databases. Search terms used were; breast self-examination, breast cancer screening, early detection of breast cancer and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 15 software. The pooled meta-analysis was computed to present the pooled prevalence and relative risks (RRs) of the determinate factors with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We identified 2,637 studies, of which, 40 articles (with 17,820 participants) were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of breast self-examination in Ethiopia was 36.72% (95% CI: 29.90, 43.53). The regional distribution breast self-examination ranged from 21.2% (95% CI: 4.49, 37.91) in Tigray to 61.5% (95% CI: 53.98, 69.02) in Gambela region. The lowest prevalence of breast self-examination was observed among the general population (20.43% (95% CI: 14.13, 26.72)). Women who had non-formal educational status (OR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.77)), family history of breast cancer (OR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.23, 3.39)), good knowledge of breast self-examination (OR = 4.8 (95% CI: 3.03, 7.6)) and favorable attitude toward breast self-examination (OR = 2.75, (95% CI: 1.66, 4.55)) were significantly associated with practice of breast self-examination. Conclusions Only a third of women in Ethiopia practiced breast examination despite WHO guidelines advocating for this practice among all women of reproductive age. Intervention programs should address the factors that are associated with breast self-examination. Population specific programs are needed to promote breast self-examination.

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