scholarly journals Human-machine-human interaction in motor control and rehabilitation: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emek Barış Küçüktabak ◽  
Sangjoon J. Kim ◽  
Yue Wen ◽  
Kevin Lynch ◽  
Jose L. Pons
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Interaction Type ◽  
Partner Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Motor

Abstract Background Human-human (HH) interaction mediated by machines (e.g., robots or passive sensorized devices), which we call human-machine-human (HMH) interaction, has been studied with increasing interest in the last decade. The use of machines allows the implementation of different forms of audiovisual and/or physical interaction in dyadic tasks. HMH interaction between two partners can improve the dyad’s ability to accomplish a joint motor task (task performance) beyond either partner’s ability to perform the task solo. It can also be used to more efficiently train an individual to improve their solo task performance (individual motor learning). We review recent research on the impact of HMH interaction on task performance and individual motor learning in the context of motor control and rehabilitation, and we propose future research directions in this area. Methods A systematic search was performed on the Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed databases. The search query was designed to find studies that involve HMH interaction in motor control and rehabilitation settings. Studies that do not investigate the effect of changing the interaction conditions were filtered out. Thirty-one studies met our inclusion criteria and were used in the qualitative synthesis. Results Studies are analyzed based on their results related to the effects of interaction type (e.g., audiovisual communication and/or physical interaction), interaction mode (collaborative, cooperative, co-active, and competitive), and partner characteristics. Visuo-physical interaction generally results in better dyadic task performance than visual interaction alone. In cases where the physical interaction between humans is described by a spring, there are conflicting results as to the effect of the stiffness of the spring. In terms of partner characteristics, having a more skilled partner improves dyadic task performance more than having a less skilled partner. However, conflicting results were observed in terms of individual motor learning. Conclusions Although it is difficult to draw clear conclusions as to which interaction type, mode, or partner characteristic may lead to optimal task performance or individual motor learning, these results show the possibility for improved outcomes through HMH interaction. Future work that focuses on selecting the optimal personalized interaction conditions and exploring their impact on rehabilitation settings may facilitate the transition of HMH training protocols to clinical implementations.

Cerebellar Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: Considerations for Research and Rehabilitation Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110654
Author(s):  
Erin M. Edwards ◽  
Nora E. Fritz ◽  
Amanda S. Therrien
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Disability Progression ◽  
Cerebellar Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Cerebellar pathology is common among persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The cerebellum is well recognized for its role in motor control and motor learning and cerebellar pathology in multiple sclerosis is associated with enhanced motor impairment and disability progression. The Problem. To mitigate motor disability progression, PwMS are commonly prescribed exercise and task-specific rehabilitation training. Yet, whether cerebellar dysfunction differentially affects rehabilitation outcomes in this population remains unknown. Furthermore, we lack rehabilitation interventions targeting cerebellar dysfunction. The Solution. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the impact of cerebellar dysfunction on motor control, motor training, and rehabilitation in persons with multiple sclerosis. Recommendations. Additionally, we highlight critical knowledge gaps and propose that these guide future research studying cerebellar dysfunction in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Assessing the cultural intelligence and task performance equation

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan Jyoti ◽  
Sumeet Kour
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

Purpose – Organizations in India are multicultural in nature. In this context, cultural intelligence is a tool, which can increase an individual’s ability to interact with people outside his/her culture. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of cultural intelligence on task performance as well as to investigate the mediating role of cultural adjustment between the two. Design/methodology/approach – Extensive review of literature was done to acknowledge the cultural intelligence and task performance concept. Data for the study has been collected from the 225 managers working in nationalized banks in Jammu province (J&K, India). Data collected has been validated using confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses have been tested through structural equation modeling. Findings – The study reveals that cultural intelligence significantly contributes toward task performance. The findings further reveal full mediation of cultural adjustment between cultural intelligence and task performance. Research limitations/implications – The study has been conducted in Indian cultural context, which can be extended to other Asian countries. Further, more outcomes of cultural intelligence can be taken into consideration in future for better understanding of the concept. Practical implications – The study contributes toward cultural intelligence theory. Organization should provide cultural training to the managers before sending them to out of home state assignment, which helps to understand the culture of that state and effectively interact with people belonging to that place. Originality/value – The paper empirically identifies the relationship between cultural intelligence and task performance in Indian context. Further, this relationship has been explored by using cultural adjustment as a mediator between the two. The model developed can be used for future research keeping it as a base.

scholarly journals Reaching articular limits can negatively impact embodiment in virtual reality.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Porssut ◽  
Olaf Blanke ◽  
Bruno Herbelin ◽  
Ronan Boulic
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Reaching Movement ◽  
3D Representation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Full Body

Providing Virtual Reality(VR) users with a 3D representation of their body complements the experience of immersion and presence in the virtual world with the experience of being physically located and more personally involved. A full-body avatar representation is known to induce a Sense of Embodiment (SoE) for this virtual body, which is associated with improvements in task performance, motivation and motor learning. Recent experimental research on embodiment provides useful guidelines, indicating the extent of discrepancy tolerated by users and, conversely, the limits and disruptive events that lead to a break in embodiment (BiE). Based on previous works on the limit of agency under movement distortion, this paper describes, studies and analyses the impact of a very common yet overlooked embodiment limitation linked to articular limits when performing a reaching movement. We demonstrate that perceiving the articular limit when fully extending the arm provides users with an additional internal proprioceptive feedback which, if not matched in the avatar's movement, leads to the disruptive realization of an incorrect posture mapping. This study complements previous works on self-contact and visuo-haptic conflicts and emphasizes the risk of disrupting the SoE when distorting users’ movements or using a poorly-calibrated avatar.

Enhanced Multisensory Integration and Motor Reactivation after Active Motor Learning of Audiovisual Associations

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3515-3528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Butler ◽  
Thomas W. James ◽  
Karin Harman James
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Audiovisual Integration ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Passive Learning ◽  
Active Motor ◽  
The Impact

Everyday experience affords us many opportunities to learn about objects through multiple senses using physical interaction. Previous work has shown that active motor learning of unisensory items enhances memory and leads to the involvement of motor systems during subsequent perception. However, the impact of active motor learning on subsequent perception and recognition of associations among multiple senses has not been investigated. Twenty participants were included in an fMRI study that explored the impact of active motor learning on subsequent processing of unisensory and multisensory stimuli. Participants were exposed to visuo-motor associations between novel objects and novel sounds either through self-generated actions on the objects or by observing an experimenter produce the actions. Immediately after exposure, accuracy, RT, and BOLD fMRI measures were collected with unisensory and multisensory stimuli in associative perception and recognition tasks. Response times during audiovisual associative and unisensory recognition were enhanced by active learning, as was accuracy during audiovisual associative recognition. The difference in motor cortex activation between old and new associations was greater for the active than the passive group. Furthermore, functional connectivity between visual and motor cortices was stronger after active learning than passive learning. Active learning also led to greater activation of the fusiform gyrus during subsequent unisensory visual perception. Finally, brain regions implicated in audiovisual integration (e.g., STS) showed greater multisensory gain after active learning than after passive learning. Overall, the results show that active motor learning modulates the processing of multisensory associations.

scholarly journals Handlebar Robotic System for Bimanual Motor Control and Learning Research

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 5991
Author(s):  
Lucas R. L. Cardoso ◽  
Leonardo M. Pedro ◽  
Arturo Forner-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Impedance Control ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Bimanual Task ◽  
Learning Research ◽  
Robotic Devices

Robotic devices can be used for motor control and learning research. In this work, we present the construction, modeling and experimental validation of a bimanual robotic device. We tested some hypotheses that may help to better understand the motor learning processes involved in the interlimb coordination function. The system emulates a bicycle handlebar with rotational motion, thus requiring bilateral upper limb control and a coordinated sequence of joint sub-movements. The robotic handlebar is compact and portable and can register in a fast rate both position and forces independently from arms, including prehension forces. An impedance control system was implemented in order to promote a safer environment for human interaction and the system is able to generate force fields, suitable for implementing motor learning paradigms. The novelty of the system is the decoupling of prehension and manipulation forces of each hand, thus paving the way for the investigation of hand dominance function in a bimanual task. Experiments were conducted with ten healthy subjects, kinematic and dynamic variables were measured during a rotational set of movements. Statistical analyses showed that movement velocity decreased with practice along with an increase in reaction time. This suggests an increase of the task planning time. Prehension force decreased with practice. However, an unexpected result was that the dominant hand did not lead the bimanual task, but helped to correct the movement, suggesting different roles for each hand during a cooperative bimanual task.

scholarly journals The impact of supplementary short rest breaks on task performance – A meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Wendsche ◽  
Andrea Lohmann-Haislah ◽  
Jürgen Jürgen
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Rest Breaks ◽  
The Impact

Within-shift rest breaks are important to prevent an accumulation of impairing short-term effects of strain over working time. In this meta-analysis (k = 11, N = 705), we investigated how supplementary, frequent short rest breaks affect task performance and strain. We found positive effects on quality (g = 0.23) and quantity (g = 0.12) measures of task performance. The mean reduction of working time due to rest breaks was 9.3%. Performance improvements occurred not at costs of higher strain. Thus, our study shows that both employees’ performance and well-being benefits from scheduled within-shift breaks. We found no further effects of potentially moderating variables. Future research should examine the boundary conditions and underlying mechanisms of these effects.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE ON EMPLOYEE TASK PERFORMANCE AND OCB; MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF EFFICACY, MODERATING ROLE OF COLLECTIVIST CULTURE OF PAKISTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Shazia Faiz Khawaja
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Collectivist Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The current study aimed to explore the impact of spiritual intelligence in the task performance and OCB, through the mediating mechanism of self efficacy and the moderating impact of collectivist culture on the said relationship. Three separate linear regression models were developed to investigate the hypotheses. The data were collected using survey method from 313 doctors, employed in both public and private sector hospitals. The findings of the study suggested that spiritual intelligence leads to the increased task performance and enhanced OCB among doctors, whereas, self efficacy partially mediates the relationship. Moreover, collectivism positively moderates the relationship of spiritual intelligence with performance and OCB. The study concludes by discussing limitations and providing future research directions.

Efficacy of Virtual Reality Training for Pilots: A Review of Links between User Presence, Search Task Performance, and Collaboration within Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-922
Author(s):  
William T. Walters ◽  
Jamiahus Walton
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The impact of user presence on both collaboration and search task performance within virtual reality is not fully understood. The purpose was to review existing literature and determine what research has been conducted on user presence in virtual reality (VR), as well as what research has been conducted on how user presence in virtual reality influences a user’s communication abilities and performance on search tasks. The need for alternative means of pilot training, specifically the possibility of utilizing virtual reality, and the importance of understanding collaboration and search task performance for this training method were outlined. Future research into the efficacy of VR as a training tool for pilots should aim to fill in this gap and seek to understand how user presence in VR influences both communication and search task performance in a virtual cockpit environment.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Relative Importance of Leader Influences for Subordinates’ Proactive Behaviors, Prosocial Behaviors, and Task Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan S. Chiaburu ◽  
Troy A. Smith ◽  
Jiexin Wang ◽  
Ryan D. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contingent Reward ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Leader Influence ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Proactive Behaviors ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Transactional Leader

We meta-analytically examine the relationships between three forms of leader influence, contingent reward (transactional), leader-member exchange (LMX; relational), and transformational (change-oriented) on subordinates’ proactive behaviors. Using non-self-reported data from a combined sample of more than 9,000 employees, we confirm positive relationships between leader influences and employee proactive outcomes. We examine the extent to which one leadership influence is stronger than the others in promoting subordinate proactivity. By combining our new meta-analytic data with existing meta-analytic correlations, we further investigate the extent to which various leadership predictors are differentially related to proactive and prosocial contextual performance, and to task performance. For all outcomes, there are only minimal differences between the contingent reward, LMX, and transformational leadership predictors. Using our results, we propose future research directions for the relationship between leader influences and subordinate work effectiveness.

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