scholarly journals Beyond nutrition and physical activity: food industry shaping of the very principles of scientific integrity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa Mialon ◽  
Matthew Ho ◽  
Angela Carriedo ◽  
Gary Ruskin ◽  
Eric Crosbie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Corporate Funding

Abstract Background There is evidence that food industry actors try to shape science on nutrition and physical activity. But they are also involved in influencing the principles of scientific integrity. Our research objective was to study the extent of that involvement, with a case study of ILSI as a key actor in that space. We conducted a qualitative document analysis, triangulating data from an existing scoping review, publicly available information, internal industry documents, and existing freedom of information requests. Results Food companies have joined forces through ILSI to shape the development of scientific integrity principles. These activities started in 2007, in direct response to the growing criticism of the food industry’s funding of research. ILSI first built a niche literature on COI in food science and nutrition at the individual and study levels. Because the literature was scarce on that topic, these publications were used and cited in ILSI’s and others’ further work on COI, scientific integrity, and PPP, beyond the fields of nutrition and food science. In the past few years, ILSI started to shape the very principles of scientific integrity then and to propose that government agencies, professional associations, non-for-profits, and others, adopt these principles. In the process, ILSI built a reputation in the scientific integrity space. ILSI’s work on scientific integrity ignores the risks of accepting corporate funding and fails to provide guidelines to protect from these risks. Conclusions The activities developed by ILSI on scientific integrity principles are part of a broader set of political practices of industry actors to influence public health policy, research, and practice. It is important to learn about and counter these practices as they risk shaping scientific standards to suit the industry’s interests rather than public health ones.

Creating a shared vision in the public health nutrition and physical activity sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
N. Chilcott ◽  
S. Duncan ◽  
D. Gorton ◽  
L. Matoe ◽  
G. Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity

scholarly journals Diet and physical activity – interactions for health; public health nutrition in the European perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sjöström ◽  
Agneta Yngve ◽  
Eric Poortvliet ◽  
Daniel Warm ◽  
Ulf Ekelund
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Great Possibility ◽  
Health Enhancing Physical Activity

AbstractFor the majority of European adults, who neither smoke nor drink excessively, the most significant controllable risk factors affecting their long-term health are what they eat, and how physically active they are.Scientists are supposed to clarify to policy makers and health professionals the usefulness of their health messages. However, to be able to do that, a more detailed understanding is needed of the basic mechanisms behind the effects on health of diet and physical activity and, especially, the two in combination. Further, better methods for assessment of nutrition and physical activity in the population have to be developed, and more and better baseline data have to be collected. Increased and more efficient interventions are then needed. People trained and competent in the new discipline of Public Health Nutrition are required.Through the stimulating support that the European Commission, as well as other national and international partners, are presently giving to the development of Public Health Nutrition across Europe, we can hope for an increased mobility, networking and understanding between European nutrition and physical activity professionals. This will most likely result in greater and better policy making, strategy development, implementation and evaluation. We now have a great possibility to develop the integrated field of preventive nutrition and health enhancing physical activity.

scholarly journals ‘Shape-Up’, a Modified Cognitive-Behavioural Community Programme for Weight Management: Real-World Evaluation as an Approach for Delivering Public Health Goals

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
Amber Soni ◽  
Rebecca J Beeken ◽  
Laura McGowan ◽  
Victoria Lawson ◽  
Paul Chadwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity

Obesity is widespread, with serious health consequences; addressing it requires considerable effort at a public health level, incorporating prevention and management along with policies to support implementation. Behavioural weight-management programmes are widely used by public health bodies to address overweight and obesity. Shape-Up is an evidence-based programme combining a structured behavioural intervention (targeting nutrition and physical activity behaviours) within a peer-learning framework. This study was a service-evaluation of Shape-Up, as delivered in Rotherham by a local leisure provider, and included a secondary analysis of data collected in the community by service providers. The RE-AIM (Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance) framework was used to explore programme effectiveness, implementation, and whom it reached. A total of 141 participants were included. Compared to local demographics, participants were older, at 48.9 (SD 14.47) years, with a lower employment rate (41% employed) and greater proportion female (67% female). Mean BMI was 38.0 (SD 7.54) kg/m2. Mean weight-change between baseline and endpoint (12 weeks, 10 group sessions) was −4.4 (SD 3.38) kg, and degree of weight change was associated with session attendance (F (9, 131) = 6.356, p < 0.0005). There were positive effects on participants’ weight, health-related behaviours, and quality of life. The intervention content (including the focus of nutritional recommendations) and structure were adapted during implementation to better suit national guidelines and local population needs. RE-AIM was found to be a useful framework for evaluating and adapting an existing evidence-based weight management programme in line with local population needs. This could be a more cost-effective approach, compared to developing new programmes, for delivering public health goals relating to obesity, nutrition, and physical activity.

scholarly journals How Coca-Cola Shaped the International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health: An Analysis of Email Exchanges between 2012 and 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8996
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wood ◽  
Gary Ruskin ◽  
Gary Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Corporate Influence ◽  
Industry Sponsorship ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Front Groups

There is currently limited direct evidence of how sponsorship of scientific conferences fits within the food industry’s strategy to shape public policy and opinion in its favour. This paper provides an analysis of emails between a vice-president of The Coca-Cola Company (Coke) and prominent public health figures in relation to the 2012 and 2014 International Congresses of Physical Activity and Public Health (ICPAPH). Contrary to Coke’s prepared public statements, the findings show that Coke deliberated with its sponsored researchers on topics to present at ICPAPH in an effort to shift blame for the rising incidence of obesity and diet-related diseases away from its products onto physical activity and individual choice. The emails also show how Coke used ICPAPH to promote its front groups and sponsored research networks and foster relationships with public health leaders in order to use their authority to deliver Coke’s message. The study questions whether current protocols about food industry sponsorship of scientific conferences are adequate to safeguard public health interests from corporate influence. A safer approach could be to apply the same provisions that are stipulated in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control on eliminating all tobacco industry sponsorship to the food industry.

scholarly journals Effective promotion of healthy nutrition and physical activity in Europe requires skilled and competent people; European Master's Programme in Public Health Nutrition

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 452-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agneta Yngve ◽  
Michael Sjöström ◽  
Daniel Warm ◽  
Barrie Margetts ◽  
Carmen Pérez Rodrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Set Up

AbstractScientists in basic research and epidemiology deliver messages to policy makers. Effective population based strategies then require people trained and competent in the discipline of Public Health Nutrition (PHN). Since 1997, a European Master's Programme in PHN has been undergoing planning and implementation with the aid of funding from the European Commission (DGV). PHN is used as a broad term covering Nutrition and Physical Activity as well as Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.The partners in this project are academic departments from 17 countries. The students will undertake core modules and electives for a year and a half, followed by a research project for six months. In order to set up formalised procedures for the evaluation of the quality assurance of individual modules from across Europe, a quality assurance system has been set up.The academic year 1999–2000 will allow an opportunity for Universities and Institutes to start new modules, to develop other modules, assess the movement of students between modules, tackle funding issues and allow further marketing of the programme. Future activities include strengthening of the European Network for Public Health Nutrition (ENPHN), the establishment of a consortium with universities, the co-ordination of programme activities with other European Master's Programmes in Public Health, and the incorporation of new Member States from Eastern Europe.We can look forward to a new brand of professionals, who are truly European in their training, but who also have an integrated view of nutrition and physical activity, health promotion and disease prevention and who are prepared for policy making, action planning, implementation and evaluation.

scholarly journals Food industry influence on public health policy, research and practice in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mialon ◽  
E Perez ◽  
C Corvalan ◽  
C Monteiro ◽  
P Jaime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Research And Practice

Abstract One of the key barriers to the development of public health policies, such as restrictions on marketing of unhealthy foods to children, is the influence of corporations, also known as corporate political activity' (CPA). This project aimed to identify the CPA of the food industry in Brazil, Colombia and Chile, over a 2-year period. This research consisted of a document analysis of publicly available information triangulated with interviews. It contributed to, and was based on methods developed by INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity / non-communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support), which aims to monitor food environments. In all three countries, the food industry lobbied against public health policies and had direct access to high ranking officials and policy makers. It also shifted the blame away from its products in the obesity and non-communicable diseases epidemic onto individuals and their lack of education. In Brazil, the food industry was active against a new front-of-pack labeling, setting up its own website to promote an alternative model and self-regulation. In Colombia, the food industry captured the media and had strong ties with the government, including through nutrition programmes. Public health advocates felt unsafe when speaking against the industry or its products. In Chile, despite advances with the introduction of public health policies to limit the sales and marketing of unhealthy products, the food industry, including the sweeteners industry, which was not affected by the recent legislation, was still influencing policy, research and practice. Food industry actors, including local companies and transnationals, used several CPA strategies in Latin America to try and influence public health policy, research and practice. It is urgent that policy makers, academics and other individuals in public health are aware of these practices and equipped with solutions to address undue influence by the food industry Key messages In Latin America, the food industry used several CPA practices, which collectively could have a negative influence on public health policy, research and practice. These practices could delay efforts to protect and promote public health in the region.

A Framework for Physical Activity Policy Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. S20-S29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Schmid ◽  
Michael Pratt ◽  
Lindsay Witmer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Physical Activity Policy ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Control And Prevention

Background:Although policy approaches are traditionally an important element of public health efforts to address major health problems, public health policy around physical activity remains poorly defined and developed.Methods:After extensive literature searches and reviews of policy frameworks developed for other public health issues such as tobacco control and injury prevention, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a series of workshops and discussions on physical activity policy.Results:A simple model describing relationships among policy, the environment, behavior, and health was developed, a framework for organizing and conceptualizing policy interventions was described, and priorities for public health efforts to promote physical activity were proposed.Conclusions:An expanded focus on physical activity policy interventions is warranted, and such efforts can complement physical activity promotion efforts at other levels. The addition of researchers with expertise in the policy sciences will enhance the work of existing multidisciplinary teams.

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