scholarly journals Chiropractic conservatism among chiropractic students in Denmark: prevalence and consequences

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Glissmann Nim ◽  
Henrik Hein Lauridsen ◽  
Søren O’Neill ◽  
Guillaume Goncalves ◽  
Rikke K. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chiropractic Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Chiropractic Students ◽  
Academic Year

Abstract Background The chiropractic profession is split between those practicing evidence-based and those whose practice is honed by vitalism. The latter has been coined ‘chiropractic conservatism’. In Denmark, the chiropractic education program is university-based in close collaboration with a medical faculty. We wanted to investigate if such conservative attitudes were present in this environment. Our objectives were to i) determine the level of chiropractic conservatism, ii) investigate if this was linked to academic year of study, iii) determine the level of clinical appropriateness, and iv) to investigate if this was affected by the level of conservatism among students in a chiropractic program, where the students are taught alongside medical students at the University of Southern Denmark (SDU). Methods A cross-sectional survey of 146 (response-rate 76%) 3rd to 5th year pre-graduate students and 1st year postgraduate clinical interns from the chiropractic degree course at the University of Southern Denmark was conducted during autumn of 2019. The students’ levels of conservatism were dichotomized into appropriate/inappropriate, summed up, and used in a linear regression model to determine the association with academic year of study. Thereafter, the conservatism score was categorized into four groups (from low -1- to high -4-). Conservatism groups were cross-tabulated with the ability to answer appropriately on nine cases concerning i) contra-indications, ii) non-indications, and iii) indications for spinal manipulation and analyzed using logistic regression. Results Generally, the Danish chiropractic students had low conservatism scores, decreasing with increasing academic year of study. Seventy percent of the students were placed in the two lowest conservative groups. The level of conservatism (categories 1–3) was moderately (but not statistically significantly) associated with an inability to recognize non-indications to treatment. Three outliers (category 4), however, revealed a highly inappropriate handling of the clinical cases. Conclusions Chiropractic students enrolled at a university-based course closely integrated with a medical teaching environment are not immune to chiropractic conservatism. However, the course appears to attenuate it and limit its effect on clinical decision-making compared to other educational institutions.

scholarly journals Chiropractic students in Denmark and their adherence to chiropractic conservatism: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casper Glissmann Nim ◽  
Henrik Hein Lauridsen ◽  
Søren O'Neill ◽  
Guillaume Goncalves ◽  
Rikke Krüger Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Private College ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
The University ◽  
Chiropractic Students ◽  
Academic Year

Abstract Background The chiropractic profession is split between those practicing evidence-informed and those whose practice is honed by vitalism. The latter has been coined ‘chiropractic conservatism’. Concerningly, this behavior is also present in students, as a recent survey conducted on students from a European private chiropractic college showed that chiropractic conservatism was the norm. This was also present in two Australian university-based institutions not associated to a medial faculty. In Denmark, the chiropractic program is university-based and firmly embedded in a medical faculty. We were curious if the same levels of conservatism were present in this setup. The objectives of this study were to establish the level of conservatism in Danish chiropractic students, to investigate if this was linked to year of study, and to compare the results from previous studies on the university and non-university-based institutions. Methods A cross-sectional survey on 122 (73%) 3rd to 5th year chiropractic students attending the University of Southern Denmark was conducted. Information about the project was sent out on October 1st, 2019. Participants were provided with a questionnaire consisting of 10 items concerning chiropractic conservatism. All ten answers were dichotomized into appropriate/inappropriate and summed up. This score was used in a linear regression to determine the association with academic year of study. The level of conservatism was thereafter categorized into four groups (group 1 indicating low levels of conservatism and group 4 indicating high levels of conservatism). These results were compared systematically to those of the previous studies. Results In general, the Danish chiropractic students had low conservatism scores, and this decreased with increased year of study. Seventy percent of the students were placed in the two lowest conservative groups . The Danish students answered consistently, on 3 out of 5 items, with the other university-based programs, both agreeing that adjustments can make the body function at 100% and that they can improve the health of infants. An inverse relationship was observed with the private college, whose students were primarily placed in the highest conservatism group. Conclusions The Danish chiropractic students did not show the same level of conservatism as the private college, but were more comparable to the other university-based programs. Despite a favorable environment, some students were still linked with some conservative thinking, but this did decrease with increasing year of study.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of Students’ Indiscipline at Islamic University in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Amina Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
The Status ◽  
School Rules ◽  
The Common ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year

The study explored the common students’ indiscipline at Islamic University in Uganda. The study was quantitative and a cross-sectional survey design was used. The population of the study was 3,486 registered students in the academic year 2019/2020. They were selected from the Faculty of Education, Faculty of Management Studies, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences, and Faculty of Science. A sample of 265 respondents was selected for the study using proportionate and random sampling. The mean score was computed to analyse the data. To conclude, the point range of the arithmetic mean was considered. The study found that the common indiscipline among learners in IUIU included disrespect to teachers and school rules and regulations, theft, and irregular attendance. The study recommended IUIU administration improves staff remuneration to change the status of the teachers. Furthermore, the administration needs to tighten security in the university and residents need to take care of their property to avoid theft. The researcher also recommended that a study should be carried out to find out the cause of students’ irregular attendance

Understanding critical care nurses’ autonomy in Jordan

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Maharmeh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The aim of this study was to describe Jordanian critical care nurses’ experiences of autonomy in their clinical practice. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive correlational design was applied using a self-reported cross-sectional survey. A total of 110 registered nurses who met the eligibility criteria participated in this study. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Findings A majority of critical care nurses were autonomous in their decision-making and participation in decisions to take action in their clinical settings. Also, they were independent to develop their own knowledge. The study identified that their autonomy in action and acquired knowledge were influenced by a number of factors such as gender and area of practice. Practical implications Nurse’s autonomy could be increased if nurses are made aware of the current level of autonomy and explore new ways to increase empowerment. This could be offered through classroom lectures that concentrate on the concept of autonomy and its implication in practice. Nurses should demonstrate autonomous nursing care at the same time in the clinical practice. This could be done through collaboration between educators and clinical practice to help merge theory to practice. Originality/value Critical care nurses were more autonomous in action and knowledge base. This may negatively affect the quality of patient care and nurses’ job satisfaction. Therefore, improving nurses’ clinical decision-making autonomy could be done by the support of both hospital administrators and nurses themselves.

scholarly journals Clinical Decision Making of Nurses Working in Hospital Settings

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Torunn Bjørk ◽  
Glenys A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Models

This study analyzed nurses' perceptions of clinical decision making (CDM) in their clinical practice and compared differences in decision making related to nurse demographic and contextual variables. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 2095 nurses in four hospitals in Norway. A 24-item Nursing Decision Making Instrument based on cognitive continuum theory was used to explore how nurses perceived their CDM when meeting an elective patient for the first time. Data were analyzed with descriptive frequencies,t-tests, Chi-Square test, and linear regression. Nurses' decision making was categorized into analytic-systematic, intuitive-interpretive, and quasi-rational models of CDM. Most nurses reported the use of quasi-rational models during CDM thereby supporting the tenet that cognition most often includes properties of both analysis and intuition. Increased use of intuitive-interpretive models of CDM was associated with years in present job, further education, male gender, higher age, and working in predominantly surgical units.

scholarly journals Head, heart or checklist? How self-reported decision-making strategies change according to speciality and grade: a cross-sectional survey of doctors

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1121) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Oliver Pumphrey ◽  
Jack Grenville ◽  
Matthew Colquhoun ◽  
Barry Mullins ◽  
Patrick Earls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Evidence Based Care

PurposeTo identify and analyse variations in self-reported decision-making strategies between medical professionals of different specialty and grade.Study designWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of doctors of different specialities and grades at St. George’s Hospital, London, UK. We administered 226 questionnaires asking participants to assign proportions of their clinical decision-making behaviour to four strategies: intuitive, analytical, rule-based and creative.ResultsWe found that physicians said they used rule-based decision-making significantly more than did surgeons and anaesthetists (p = 0.025) and analytical decision-making strategies significantly less (p = 0.003). In addition, we found that both intuitive (p = 0.0005) and analytical (p = 0.0005) decision-making had positive associations with increasing experience, whereas rule-based decision-making was negatively associated with greater experience (p = 0.0005).ConclusionsDecision-making strategies may evolve with increasing clinical experience from a predominant use of rule-based approaches towards greater use of intuitive or analytical methods depending on the familiarity and acuity of the clinical situation. Rule-based strategies remain important for delivering evidence-based care, particularly for less experienced clinicians, and for physicians more than surgeons, possibly due to the greater availability and applicability of guidelines for medical problems. Anaesthetists and intensivists tend towards more analytical decision-making than physicians; an observation which might be attributable to the greater availability and use of objective data in the care environment. As part of broader training in non-technical skills and human factors, increasing awareness among trainees of medical decision-making models and their potential pitfalls might contribute to reducing the burden of medical error in terms of morbidity, mortality and litigation.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence Study and Cross-Sectional Survey on COVID-19 for a Plan to Reopen the University of Alicante (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1908
Author(s):  
Jose Tuells ◽  
Cecilia M. Egoavil ◽  
María Angeles Pena Pardo ◽  
Ana C. Montagud ◽  
Emilia Montagud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Testing ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The University ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Academic Year

The implementation of strategies to mitigate possible cases of COVID-19 were addressed at the University of Alicante for the safe reopening of the 2020/2021 academic year. To discover the prevalence of immunity against SARS-CoV-2, a study was designed using a rapid immunoassay test (carried out between 6 and 22 July 2020), and in addition a cross-sectional survey was conducted on risk factors, symptoms, predisposition for becoming vaccinated, and sources of information about COVID-19. A random sample, stratified by students, faculty, and administrative staff, was selected. The seroprevalence found was 2.64% (39/1479; 95% CI 1.8–3.4), and the adjusted seroprevalence was 2.89% (95% CI 2.1–3.7). The average age of the students was 23.2 years old, and 47.6 years old for staff. In relation to COVID-19, the following was found: 17.7% pauci-symptomatic, 1.3% symptomatic, 5.5% contact with cases, 4.9% confined, and 0.3% PCR positive. More than 90% complied with preventive measures. The proportion willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was 91%. Their sources of information were the Internet (74%) and television (70.1%). They requested that the university offer information (45.1%), training (27%), and provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (26.3%). Lastly, 87.9% would repeat the test. A plan was established that included the follow-up of cases and contacts, random sample testing, training courses, bimodal teaching, a specific website, and the distribution of PPE.

scholarly journals The Self-Perception and Usage of Medical Apps amongst Medical Students in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Quant ◽  
Lisa Altieri ◽  
Juan Torres ◽  
Noah Craft
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Apps ◽  
Medical Software

Background. Mobile medical software applications (apps) are used for clinical decision-making at the point of care.Objectives. To determine (1) the usage, reliability, and popularity of mobile medical apps and (2) medical students’ perceptions of app usage effect on the quality of patient-provider interaction in healthcare settings.Methods. An anonymous web-based survey was distributed to medical students. Frequency of use, type of app used, and perceptions of reliability were assessed via univariate analysis.Results. Seven hundred thirty-one medical students responded, equating to a response rate of 29%. The majority (90%) of participants thought that medical apps enhance clinical knowledge, and 61% said that medical apps are as reliable as textbooks. While students thought that medical apps save time, improve the care of their patients, and improve diagnostic accuracy, 53% of participants believed that mobile device use in front of colleagues and patients makes one appear less competent.Conclusion. While medical students believe in the utility and reliability of medical apps, they were hesitant to use them out of fear of appearing less engaged. Higher levels of training correlated with a greater degree of comfort when using medical apps in front of patients.

scholarly journals A Survey on the Evidence-Based Practice of Optometrists in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Elly Liyana Zainodin ◽  
Nur Dzakirah Jantan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Open Access Article

Evidence-based practice is useful to help healthcare practitioners, including optometrists, to give the best level of patient care. To date, little is known about the form of evidence used by optometrists in Malaysia in their clinical decision-making. A cross-sectional survey that explores the implementation of evidence-based practice was completed online by 137 registered optometrists. Overall, findings indicate that the respondents did not sufficiently apply evidence-based practice in clinical. Time constraints and restriction in access hinder the respondents from reading journals regularly. The evidence-based practice needs to be formally nurtured in optometry education to bridge the gap between research and clinical.    Keywords: evidence-based practice; optometry; clinical eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2502.

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