scholarly journals Assessment of sagittal spinopelvic alignment in asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents: a large cohort study and comparative meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Canglong Hou ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Tianjunke Zhou ◽  
Mingyuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spinopelvic Alignment ◽  
Large Cohort Study ◽  
Sagittal Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Study design Retrospective study and comparative meta-analysis. Objective To document the sagittal spinopelvic alignment in a large cohort study in asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents, and to explore whether these parameters were different from various regions using meta-analysis. Methods Medical records of 656 asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents were reviewed, whose mean age was 13.14 ± 3.41 years old, including 254 male and 402 female volunteers. Demographic and lateral radiological parameters were evaluated. Furthermore, a systematic online search was performed to identify eligible studies. Weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate whether these sagittal parameters were different from various regions. Results The mean value of sagittal spinopelvic alignment in this study was calculated and analyzed respectively. Significant differences of PI (34.20 ± 4.00 vs. 43.18 ± 7.12, P < 0.001) and PT (3.99 ± 6.04 vs. 8.42 ± 7.08, P < 0.001) were found between juveniles and adolescents. A total of 17 studies were recruited for meta-analysis. For juvenile populations, TK, PI and SS of Caucasians were significantly larger than those of our study (all P < 0.001). As for adolescent populations, PI (P = 0.017), TK (P = 0.017) and SS (P < 0.001) of Caucasians was found to be greater when compared with that of our study. All in all, TK, PI and SS in Chinese pre-adult populations were significantly smaller than those populations in Caucasian regions (all P < 0.001). Conclusion Our study was the first large-scale study that reported the mean values of sagittal parameters in asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents. There were significant differences in TK, PI and SS between our study and other previous reported populations, which reminded us for using specific mean values in different populations when restoring a relatively normal sagittal spinopelvic balance in spinal deformity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment in Asymptomatic Chinese Juveniles and Adolescents: a Large Cohort Study and Comparative Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canglong Hou ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Tianjunke Zhou ◽  
Mingyuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spinopelvic Alignment ◽  
Large Cohort Study ◽  
Sagittal Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Study design: Retrospective study and comparative meta-analysisObjective: To document the sagittal spinopelvic alignment in a large cohort study in asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents, and to explore whether these parameters were different from various regions using meta-analysis. Methods: Medical records of 656 asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents were reviewed. Demographic and lateral radiological parameters were evaluated. Furthermore, a systematic online search was performed to identify eligible studies. Weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate whether these sagittal parameters were different from various regions. Results: The mean value of sagittal spinopelvic alignment in this study was calculated and analyzed respectively. A total of 18 studies were recruited for meta-analysis. For juvenile populations, TK, PI and SS of non-East Asian were significantly larger than those of Chinese. As for adolescent populations, PI of non-East Asian was found to be greater when compared with that of Chinese; TK and SS of non-East Asian adolescents was significantly greater than those reported in our study as well. All in all, TK, PI and SS in Chinese pre-adult populations were significantly smaller than those populations in non-East Asian regions.Conclusion: Our study was the first large-scale study that reported the mean values of sagittal parameters in asymptomatic Chinese juveniles and adolescents. There were significant differences in TK, PI and SS between Chinese and other previous reported populations, which reminded us for using specific mean values in different populations when restoring a relatively normal sagittal spinopelvic balance in spinal deformity.

scholarly journals Derangement of Liver Enzymes, Hyperglycemia, Anemia, and Associated Factors among HIV-Infected Patients Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Based Regimen in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Taklo Simeneh Yazie
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
The Mean

Hepatotoxicity was found in different case reports and studies in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate- (TDF-) based regimen. However, there was no data regarding liver enzymes, glucose, and hemoglobin in Ethiopian patients receiving TDF-based regimen. The aim of this study was to determine elevated liver enzymes and its associated factors as well as elevated fasting plasma glucose and anemia. A hospital-based observational prospective cohort study was conducted on conveniently selected 63 patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from January to September 2019. Laboratory values were determined at pre-TDF-based regimen baseline and six-month follow-up. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0, and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associated factors with elevated liver enzymes. The overall elevated liver enzymes were found in 26 (41.3%) participants. From this, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) comprise 3 (4.8%), 3 (4.8%), and 20 (31.8%), respectively. Elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was found in 9 (14.3%) and 14 (22.2%) of participants at baseline and six-month visit, respectively. At six-month visit, 4 (6.4%) of participants experienced anemia. The mean value of ALP and FPG at six months was significantly higher than their respective baseline mean values ( mean   difference   MD = + 63.38 , 95% CI (39.84, 86.92), p = 0.0001 ; MD = + 6.64 , 95% CI (2.63, 10.64), p = 0.002 , respectively). The mean value of ALT, AST, and Hg at six months was slightly increased compared to their respective baseline mean values, but the difference was not significant. In multivariate analysis, only female sex was significantly associated with elevated ALP ( AOR = 4.5 , 95% CI (1.03, 19.6), p = 0.045 ). Overall mild and moderate hepatotoxicity was found to be high (26, 41.3%) in the present study, and from this, the majority was comprised by elevated ALP (20, 31.8%). The proportion of participants with hyperglycemia was increased at the end of follow-up compared to its baseline value, but anemia was not. Female sex was significantly associated with elevated ALP. This study warrants monitoring of liver enzymes and glucose in TDF-based regimen.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

A new simpler approach to measure the strength of toe plantar flexion requiring no mechanical restraint with a light-weight device

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110029
Author(s):  
Yuko Komuro ◽  
Yuji Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
The Mean

Conventionally, the strength of toe plantar flexion (STPF) is measured in a seated position, in which not only the target toe joints but also the knee and particularly ankle joints, are usually restrained. We have developed an approach for the measurement of STPF which does not involve restraint and considers the interactions of adjacent joints of the lower extremities. This study aimed to evaluate this new approach and comparing with the seated approach. A thin, light-weight, rigid plate was attached to the sole of the foot in order to immobilize the toe area. Participants were 13 healthy young women (mean age: 24 ± 4 years). For measurement of STPF with the new approach, participants were instructed to stand, raise the device-wearing leg slightly, plantar flex the ankle, and push the sensor sheet with the toes to exert STPF. The sensor sheet of the F-scan II system was inserted between the foot sole and the plate. For measurement with the seated approach, participants were instructed to sit and push the sensor with the toes. They were required to maintain the hip, knee, and ankle joints at 90°. The mean values of maximum STPF of the 13 participants obtained with each approach were compared. There was no significant difference in mean value of maximum STPF when the two approaches were compared (new: 59 ± 23 N, seated: 47 ± 33 N). The coefficient of variation of maximum STPF was smaller for data obtained with the new approach (new: 39%, seated: 70%). Our simple approach enables measurement of STPF without the need for the restraints that are required for the conventional seated approach. These results suggest that the new approach is a valid method for measurement of STPF.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a large cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Zhixiong Wu ◽  
You Shang ◽  
Xuan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Large Cohort Study
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