scholarly journals Transcriptional activation of USP16 gene expression by NFκB signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Yang ◽  
Juelu Wang ◽  
Shipeng Guo ◽  
Daochao Huang ◽  
Isabel Bestard Lorigados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Nfκb Pathway

AbstractUbiquitin Specific Peptidase 16 (USP16) has been reported to contribute to somatic stem-cell defects in Down syndrome. However, how this gene being regulated is largely unknown. To study the mechanism underlying USP16 gene expression, USP16 gene promoter was cloned and analyzed by luciferase assay. We identified that the 5′ flanking region (− 1856 bp ~ + 468 bp) of the human USP16 gene contained the functional promotor to control its transcription. Three bona fide NFκB binding sites were found in USP16 promoter. We showed that p65 overexpression enhanced endogenous USP16 mRNA level. Furthermore, LPS and TNFα, strong activators of the NFκB pathway, upregulated the USP16 transcription. Our data demonstrate that USP16 gene expression is tightly regulated at transcription level. NFκB signaling regulates the human USP16 gene expression through three cis-acting elements. The results provide novel insights into a potential role of dysregulation of USP16 expression in Alzheimer’s dementia in Down Syndrome.

Involvement of Runx3 in the basal transcriptional activation of the mouse angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein gene

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 884-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Matsuda ◽  
Kouichi Tamura ◽  
Hiromichi Wakui ◽  
Toru Dejima ◽  
Akinobu Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
At1 Receptor ◽  
Distal Convoluted Tubule ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Serum Starvation ◽  
Receptor Associated Protein ◽  
Tubule Cells

We previously cloned a molecule that interacts with angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor to exert an inhibitory function on AT1 receptor signaling that we named ATRAP/ Agtrap (for AT1 receptor-associated protein). In the present study we examined the regulation of basal ATRAP gene expression using renal distal convoluted tubule cells. We found that serum starvation upregulated basal expression of ATRAP gene, a response that required de novo mRNA and protein synthesis. Luciferase assay revealed that the proximal promoter region directs transcription and that a putative binding site of runt-related transcription factors (RBE) is important for transcriptional activation. The results of RBE-decoy transfection and endogenous knockdown by small interference RNA showed that the runt-related transcription factor Runx3 is involved in ATRAP gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay also supported the binding of Runx3 to the ATRAP promoter in renal distal convoluted tubule cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the expression of Runx3 and ATRAP proteins in the distal convoluted and connecting tubules of the kidney in consecutive sections. Furthermore, the Runx3 immunostaining was decreased together with a concomitant suppression of ATRAP expression in the affected kidney after 7 days of unilateral ureteral obstruction. These findings indicate that Runx3 plays a role in ATRAP gene expression in renal distal tubular cells both in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Postrecruitment Function of Yeast Med6 Protein during the Transcriptional Activation by Mediator Complex

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gwang Sik Kim ◽  
Young Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Reporter Gene Expression ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Internal Deletion ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

Med6 protein (Med6p) is a hallmark component of evolutionarily conserved Mediator complexes, and the genuine role of Med6p in Mediator functions remains elusive. For the functional analysis ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMed6p (scMed6p), we generated a series of scMed6p mutants harboring a small internal deletion. Genetic analysis of these mutants revealed that three regions (amino acids 33–42 (Δ2), 125–134 (Δ5), and 157–166 (Δ6)) of scMed6p are required for cell viability and are located at highly conserved regions of Med6 homologs. Notably, the Med6p-Δ2 mutant was barely detectable in whole-cell extracts and purified Mediator, suggesting a loss of Mediator association and concurrent rapid degradation. Consistent with this, the recombinant forms of Med6p having these mutations partially (Δ2) restore or fail (Δ5 and Δ6) to restore in vitro transcriptional defects caused by temperature-sensitivemed6mutation. In an artificial recruitment assay, Mediator containing a LexA-fused wild-type Med6p or Med6p-Δ5 was recruited to thelexAoperator region with TBP and activated reporter gene expression. However, the recruitment of Mediator containing LexA-Med6p-Δ6 tolexAoperator region resulted in neither TBP recruitment nor reporter gene expression. This result demonstrates a pivotal role of Med6p in the postrecruitment function of Mediator, which is essential for transcriptional activation by Mediator.

scholarly journals Foxa3 (HNF-3γ) binds to and activates the rat proglucagon gene promoter but is not essential for proglucagon gene expression

2002 ◽  
Vol 366 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfang LIU ◽  
Wei SHEN ◽  
Patricia L. BRUBAKER ◽  
Klaus H. KAESTNER ◽  
Daniel J. DRUCKER
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Mild Hypoglycaemia ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Prolonged Fast

Members of the Forkhead box a (Foxa) transcription factor family are expressed in the liver, pancreatic islets and intestine and both Foxa1 and Foxa2 regulate proglucagon gene transcription. As Foxa proteins exhibit overlapping DNA-binding specificities, we examined the role of Foxa3 [hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-3γ] in control of proglucagon gene expression. Foxa3 was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR in glucagon-producing cell lines and binds to the rat proglucagon gene G2 promoter element in GLUTag enteroendocrine cells. Although Foxa3 increased rat proglucagon promoter activity in BHK fibroblasts, augmentation of Foxa3 expression did not increase proglucagon promoter activity in GLUTag cells. Furthermore, adenoviral Foxa3 expression did not affect endogenous proglucagon gene expression in islet or intestinal endocrine cell lines. Although Foxa3-/- mice exhibit mild hypoglycaemia during a prolonged fast, the levels of proglucagon-derived peptides and proglucagon mRNA transcripts were comparable in tissues from wild-type and Foxa3-/- mice. These findings identify Foxa3 as a member of the proglucagon gene G2 element binding-protein family that, unlike Foxa1, is not essential for control of islet or intestinal proglucagon gene expression in vivo.

scholarly journals A natural sequence consisting of overlapping glucocorticoid-responsive elements mediates glucocorticoid, but not androgen, regulation of gene expression

2000 ◽  
Vol 350 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charbel MASSAAD ◽  
Michèle GARLATTI ◽  
Elizabeth M. WILSON ◽  
Françoise CADEPOND ◽  
Robert BAROUKI
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Androgen Regulation ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Half Site

Cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (cAspAT) is regulated by glucocorticoids in rat liver and kidney. Part of this regulation is mediated by an unusual glucocorticoid-responsive element (GRE)-like sequence called GRE A. GRE A is composed of two overlapping imperfect GREs, each comprising a conserved half-site (half-sites 1 and 4 respectively) and a poorly conserved half-site (half-sites 2 and 3 respectively). The sequence binds co-operatively two dimers of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mediates efficient glucocorticoid regulation of gene expression. Analysis of deletions of the cAspAT gene promoter and subcloning of GRE A upstream of the thymidine kinase promoter indicate that this sequence is responsive to glucocorticoids, but not to androgens. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that the GRE A unit does not bind the androgen receptor (AR). The modification of three nucleotides in the poorly conserved half-sites 2 and 3, converting GRE A into two overlapping high-affinity GREs (ov-cGRE), resulted in co-operative binding of the AR. Furthermore, ov-cGRE efficiently mediated androgen regulation of the thymidine kinase promoter. A single base modification in half-site 2 or 3 in GRE A allowed the binding of the AR as one or two dimers respectively, and restored transcriptional activation by androgens only in the latter case. Thus the poor affinity of the AR for half-sites 2 and 3 prevented its binding to GRE A, indicating that the overlapping GRE A sequence of the cAspAT gene promoter discriminates a glucocorticoid-mediated from an androgen-mediated response.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes σB Modulates PrfA-Mediated Virulence Factor Expression

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 2113-2124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Ollinger ◽  
Barbara Bowen ◽  
Martin Wiedmann ◽  
Kathryn J. Boor ◽  
Teresa M. Bergholz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Transcript Profiling ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Genome Wide

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes σB and positive regulatory factor A (PrfA) are pleiotropic transcriptional regulators that coregulate a subset of virulence genes. A positive regulatory role for σB in prfA transcription has been well established; therefore, observations of increased virulence gene expression and hemolytic activity in a ΔsigB strain initially appeared paradoxical. To test the hypothesis that L. monocytogenes σB contributes to a regulatory network critical for appropriate repression as well as induction of virulence gene expression, genome-wide transcript profiling and follow-up quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), reporter fusion, and phenotypic experiments were conducted using L. monocytogenes prfA*, prfA* ΔsigB, ΔprfA, and ΔprfA ΔsigB strains. Genome-wide transcript profiling and qRT-PCR showed that in the presence of active PrfA (PrfA*), σB is responsible for reduced expression of the PrfA regulon. σB-dependent modulation of PrfA regulon expression reduced the cytotoxic effects of a PrfA* strain in HepG2 cells, highlighting the functional importance of regulatory interactions between PrfA and σB. The emerging model of the role of σB in regulating overall PrfA activity includes a switch from transcriptional activation at the P2 prfA promoter (e.g., in extracellular bacteria when PrfA activity is low) to posttranscriptional downregulation of PrfA regulon expression (e.g., in intracellular bacteria when PrfA activity is high).

scholarly journals Intrusion of a DNA Repair Protein in the RNome World: Is This the Beginning of a New Era?

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Tell ◽  
David M. Wilson ◽  
Chow H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Rna Metabolism ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
New Findings

ABSTRACT Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), an essential protein in mammals, is known to be involved in base excision DNA repair, acting as the major abasic endonuclease; the protein also functions as a redox coactivator of several transcription factors that regulate gene expression. Recent findings highlight a novel role for APE1 in RNA metabolism. The new findings are as follows: (i) APE1 interacts with rRNA and ribosome processing protein NPM1 within the nucleolus; (ii) APE1 interacts with proteins involved in ribosome assembly (i.e., RLA0, RSSA) and RNA maturation (i.e., PRP19, MEP50) within the cytoplasm; (iii) APE1 cleaves abasic RNA; and (iv) APE1 cleaves a specific coding region of c-myc mRNA in vitro and influences c-myc mRNA level and half-life in cells. Such findings on the role of APE1 in the posttranscriptional control of gene expression could explain its ability to influence diverse biological processes and its relocalization to cytoplasmic compartments in some tissues and tumors. In addition, we propose that APE1 serves as a “cleansing” factor for oxidatively damaged abasic RNA, establishing a novel connection between DNA and RNA surveillance mechanisms. In this review, we introduce questions and speculations concerning the role of APE1 in RNA metabolism and discuss the implications of these findings in a broader evolutionary context.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid repression of human with-no-lysine (K) kinase-4 gene expression is mediated by the negative response elements in the promoter

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyi Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yinghui Li ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Zhijun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Transcriptional Initiation ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr

With-no-lysine (K) kinase-4 (WNK4) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The effects of glucocorticoids, key physiological regulators, on the WNK4 gene expression are still unknown. Here, we used dexamethasone (Dex) to treat the human embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) cells and found a decrease of human WNK4 (hWNK4) mRNA level by northern blot and real-time quantitative PCR. After an hWNK4 transcriptional initiation site was located by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA end assay, a series of 5′-deleted hWNK4 promoter–luciferase constructs were generated by PCR. Transfection of these constructs in COS-7 and HEK293 cells revealed that Dex inhibited the hWNK4 transcriptional activity in glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent pattern. Two negative glucocorticoid response elements (nGREs) were identified at −285 and −337 of the hWNK4 gene promoter and the GR binding activity to them was increased by Dex as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. In summary, these data demonstrated that hWNK4 was a new glucocorticoid-regulated gene whose expression was inhibited through the interaction of GR with nGREs in the promoter region.

scholarly journals Wheat Transcription Factor TaSNAC11-4B Positively Regulates Leaf Senescence through Promoting ROS Production in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7672
Author(s):  
Zenglin Zhang ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Yongfeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Functional Homolog

Senescence is the final stage of leaf development which is accompanied by highly coordinated and complicated reprogramming of gene expression. Genetic manipulation of leaf senescence in major crops including wheat has been shown to be able to increase stress tolerance and grain yield. NAC(No apical meristem (NAM), ATAF1/2, and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC)) transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in regulating gene expression changes during leaf senescence and in response to abiotic stresses. Here, we report the characterization of TaSNAC11-4B (Uniprot: A0A1D5XI64), a wheat NAC family member that acts as a functional homolog of AtNAP, a key regulator of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. The expression of TaSNAC11-4B was up-regulated with the progression of leaf senescence, in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and drought treatments in wheat. Ectopic expression of TaSNAC11-4B in Arabidopsis promoted ROS accumulation and significantly accelerated age-dependent as well as drought- and ABA-induced leaf senescence. Results from transcriptional activity assays indicated that the TaSNAC11-4B protein displayed transcriptional activation activities that are dependent on its C terminus. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and dual-Luciferase assay results suggested that TaSNAC11-4B could positively regulate the expression of AtrbohD and AtrbohF, which encode catalytic subunits of the ROS-producing NADPH oxidase. Further analysis of TaSNAC11-4B in wheat senescence and the potential application of this gene in manipulating leaf senescence with the purpose of yield increase and stress tolerance is discussed.

scholarly journals The role of the erythroid-specific delta-aminolevulinate synthase gene expression in erythroid heme synthesis

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 940-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Meguro ◽  
K Igarashi ◽  
M Yamamoto ◽  
H Fujita ◽  
S Sassa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Beta Globin ◽  
Aminolevulinate Synthase ◽  
Heme Synthesis ◽  
Murine Erythroleukemia ◽  
Erythroid Development ◽  
Ala Dehydratase

Abstract Using antisense technology, the effects of suppressed gene expression of the erythroid-specific delta-aminolevulinate (ALA) synthase (ALAS-E) on heme synthesis, expression of mRNAs encoding an erythroid-specific transcription factor NF-E2, other heme pathway enzymes, and beta-globin were examined in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. In MEL cells in which an antisense ALAS-E RNA was expressed (AS clone), sense ALAS-E mRNA levels in both untreated and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-treated cells were decreased compared with their respective controls. Heme synthesis in AS clones was decreased in proportion to the suppressed levels of ALAS-E mRNA. In addition, mRNAs for ALA dehydratase, porphobilinogen deaminase, ferrochelatase (FeC), and beta-globin were also decreased in AS clones. There was a strong correlation between the level of ALAS-E mRNA and most of the mRNAs of the heme pathway enzymes and beta-globin. There was a decrease in the mRNA level of p45, but not of mafK, which are the large and the small subunits of NF-E2, respectively, in AS clones. Treatment of AS cells with hemin and ALA in the presence of DMSO partially restored the suppressed mRNA levels for beta-globin and FeC and heme content, respectively. These findings thus indicate that heme formation, which is determined by the level of ALAS- E, plays an essential role on gene expression of many proteins necessary for erythroid development.

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