scholarly journals Swimming-induced changes in pulmonary function: special observations for clinical testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Päivinen ◽  
Kari Keskinen ◽  
Heikki Tikkanen
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Ventilation

Abstract Background A special improvement in pulmonary function is found in swimmers. In clinical testing the airway reactivity is observed at certain exercise intensity and target ventilation. However, in highly trained swimmers exercising in water the reactions may not function the same way. The aim was to study the combined effects of the water environment and swimming on pulmonary function and the associations with perceived symptoms. Methods First, 412 competitive swimmers completed questionnaires concerning respiratory symptoms at different swimming intensities. Then, pulmonary function testing was performed in 14 healthy elite swimmers. Spirometry and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured on land and in water before and after swimming. While swimming, minute ventilation (VE) tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (fb) were measured during competition speed swimming. Results Swimmers reported the most symptoms at competition speed intensity swimming. In the transition from the land into the water swimming body position, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced expiratory capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC) decreased by a mean (SD) 5.3 % (3) in females and by 2.2 % (5) in males. During competition speed intensity swimming, the minute ventilation (VE) had a mean of 72 and 75 % of calculated maximal voluntary ventilation (cMVV) in females and in males, respectively. Conclusions Spirometry showed sex differences in water compared to land measurements. These differences should be considered when the effects of swimming are observed. During the intensity that triggered the symptoms the most, the VE was approximately 20 % higher than the target ventilations for clinical testing. These findings encourages specific modifications of clinical testing protocols for elite swimmers.

Ozone-induced changes in pulmonary function and bronchial responsiveness in asthmatics

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kreit ◽  
K. B. Gross ◽  
T. B. Moore ◽  
T. J. Lorenzen ◽  
J. D'Arcy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Bronchial Responsiveness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Percent Decrease

To compare the responses of asthmatic and normal subjects to high effective doses of ozone, nine asthmatic and nine normal subjects underwent two randomly assigned 2-h exposures to filtered, purified air and 0.4 ppm ozone with alternating 15-min periods of rest and exercise on a cycle ergometer (minute ventilation = 30 l.min-1.m-2). Before and after each exposure, pulmonary function and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were measured and symptoms were recorded. Ozone exposure was associated with a statistically significant decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1), percent FEV1 (FEV1%), and forced expired flow at 25–75% FVC (FEF25–75) in both normal and asthmatic subjects. However, comparing the response of asthmatic and normal subjects to ozone revealed a significantly greater percent decrease in FEV1, FEV1%, and FEF25–75 in the asthmatic subjects. The effect of ozone on FVC and symptom scores did not differ between the two groups. In both normal and asthmatic subjects, exposure to ozone was accompanied by a significant increase in bronchial responsiveness. We conclude that exposure to a high effective ozone dose produces 1) increased bronchial responsiveness in both normal and asthmatic subjects, 2) greater airways obstruction in asthmatic than in normal subjects, and 3) similar symptoms and changes in lung volumes in the two groups.

Pulmonary Function in Pubertal Synchronized Swimmers: 1-year Follow-up Results and Its Relation to Competitive Achievement

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Gabrilo ◽  
Mia Peric ◽  
Marija Stipic
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Synchronized Swimming ◽  
Before And After

Pulmonary function (PF) is particularly important in synchronized swimming, considering the characteristics of this sport. However, the sanitizing agents (chlorine) used in pools can have a possible negative influence on the PF parameters. In this study, we observed 24 swimmers (all women, 14 to 16 years of age) and measured their PF and competitive achievement. PF was measured before and after a 1-year period and included standard spirometric variables. Competitive achievement was evidenced during the National Championship. The t-test showed significant increases in body height and weight of the participants and a resulting increase in most of the absolute respiratory flows and pulmonary capacities. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (both in proportion to norm for body height, gender, and age) increased significantly within the study period. FVC significantly predicted the competitive achievement of young swimmers, most probably because artists have to achieve exceptional breath control when upside down underwater. In conclusion, we found no evidence for the eventual negative influence of chlorine and its compounds on the PF of swimmers, and results showed that regular synchronized swim training could improve the PF of young artists.

Pulmonary and ventilatory responses to pregnancy, immersion, and exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Berry ◽  
R. G. McMurray ◽  
V. L. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Inspiratory Capacity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

To examine the effects of pregnancy, immersion, and exercise during immersion on pulmonary function and ventilation, 12 women were studied at 15, 25, and 35 wk of pregnancy and 8–10 wk postpartum. Pulmonary function and ventilation were measured under three experimental conditions: after 20 min of rest on land (LR), after 20 min of rest during immersion to the level of the xiphoid (IR), and after 20 min of exercise during immersion at 60% of predicted maximal capacity (IE). Forced vital capacity remained relatively constant, except for a decrease at 15 wk, for the duration of pregnancy. Expiratory reserve volume decreased with a change in the pregnancy status and with the duration of pregnancy. However, the forced vital capacity was maintained by an increase in the inspiratory capacity during pregnancy. Forced expiratory volume for 1 s, expressed as percent of forced vital capacity, did not differ significantly between conditions or as a result of pregnancy. Forced vital capacity was lower during the IR trial compared with LR and IE trials. The decreased forced vital capacity of the IR trials was mediated by a decrease in the expiratory reserve volume. Whereas the inspiratory capacity increased during IR and IE compared with LR, the increase was not large enough to offset the decrease in the expiratory reserve volume. Resting immersion resulted in a significant decrease in maximal voluntary ventilation as did pregnancy. Pregnancy resulted in significant increases in minute ventilation (VE), which were related to increases in the O2 consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of aerobic training on forced expiratory airflow in exercising asthmatic humans

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1230-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Haas ◽  
S. Pasierski ◽  
N. Levine ◽  
M. Bishop ◽  
K. Axen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
External Work ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Pulmonary function after exercise was evaluated in 22 asthmatic subjects before and after a 36-session training sequence of aerobic exercise. Training did not change pulmonary function values, except for a small increase in maximal voluntary ventilation (P less than 0.02), which was attributed to respiratory muscle training. After aerobic training, both external work at a given heart rate and peak O2 consumption increased by 30 and 15%, respectively. At the same minute ventilation (VE), immediate postexercise forced expiratory airflow was higher after training (P less than 0.02), and reduction in forced expiratory airflow during the first 9 min postexercise was less after training (P less than 0.01). The posttraining airflow response to the pretraining work load was, as expected, less than the pretraining response (P less than 0.02). Although the difference in maximal-to-minimal airflow at the same VE was similar before and after training, the airflow increase accounted for 50% of the response after training compared with 16% of the pretraining response. Furthermore the strong negative correlation (P less than 0.01) between maximal and minimal airflow both pre- and posttraining indicates that exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) severity is, in part, determined by the degree of exercise-induced bronchodilation. We conclude that aerobic training significantly increases exercise-induced bronchodilation and diminishes EIB.

Effects of oxone inhalation on work performance and VO2 max

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Savin ◽  
W. C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Function Parameter ◽  
Exercise Ventilation ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Volitional Fatigue

Ozone (O3) at near ambient smog alert levels has previously been shown to cause alterations in pulmonary function and exercise response in humans. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of O3 administered during graded bicycle exercise to volitional fatigue on work performance and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Nine subjects performed three tests each while breathing either 0.00, 0.15, or 0.30 ppm O3. Forced vital capacity, residual volume, maximal midexpiratory flow rate, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were assessed before, immediately after, and 4 h after exercise. O3 exposure resulted in no significant effect on maximal work rate, anaerobic threshold, or any pulmonary function parameter. However, maximal expired minute ventilation was decreased (P less than 0.05) in a dose dependent fashion. Thus, exercise ventilation during maximal work was a more sensitive indicator of the effects of O2 exposure than were standard pulmonary function tests. Although subjective symptoms of discomfort were reported more frequently with increased O2 level, it was concluded that exposure of healthy young men to as much as 0.30 ppm O2 for no more than 30 min of progressively incremented exercise to volitional fatigue, is insufficient to cause a significant decrease in work capacity or V02 max.

scholarly journals The influence of early thoracic fusion on the pulmonary function of patients with idiopathic scoliosis in the early period of the second growth peak with different Risser signs

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Xu ◽  
Shengru Wang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
You Du ◽  
Guanfeng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Risser Sign ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Previous reports confirmed early spinal fusion may compromise pulmonary function and thoracic development in skeletal immature patients with scoliosis. However, the different effects in patients with various Risser signs remain unknown. This study aimed to compare the influence of early thoracic fusion on pulmonary function and thoracic growth in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) with closed triangular cartilage (TRC) and different Risser signs. Methods Thirty-six patients with IS and a closed TRC were retrospectively selected and divided into the low Risser (LR, Risser sign ≤2, 22 patients) and high Risser (HR, 2<Risser sign≤4, 14 patients) groups. Patient age, Risser sign, main Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis, and fusion levels were recorded. Perioperative and minimum of 2-year follow-up pulmonary function and thoracic diameters were compared between both groups. Results There were no differences in patients’ general characteristics between two groups. The preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were 2.06±0.43 L and 2.50±0.49 L, respectively, in the LR group, and 2.31±0.49 L (p = 0.067) and 2.74±0.56 L (p = 0.122), respectively, in the HR group. While these values significantly increased postoperatively, to 2.62±0.46 L (p < 0.001) and 3.09±0.69 L (p < 0.001), in the LR group, they remained unchanged in the HR group [2.53±0.56 L (p = 0.093) and 2.70±0.98 L (p = 0.386), respectively]. The FEV1/FVC in both groups was >80% before and after surgery. The T1-T12 and anteroposterior thoracic diameter significantly increased after surgery in both groups, while the maximum inner chest diameter only increased in the LR group at the final follow-up. However, there were no significant differences in respiratory function and thoracic data between both groups. Conclusion For patients with IS, early fusion did not deteriorate pulmonary function or thoracic development in TRC-closed patients whose Risser sign was ≤2 compared with those with a Risser sign >2.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study of Lung Transplantation in Patients With Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Challenges and Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Bingqing Yue ◽  
Le Ban ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare systemic disease that generally leads to a progressive decline in pulmonary function. Experience, especially from the Asian population, including combined drug therapy before and after lung transplantation (LT) in LAM, is still limited. This study aimed to summarize the clinical data from patients with pulmonary LAM who underwent LT at centers in China.Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with LAM undergoing LT at the two largest centers in China between 2010 and 2018 was conducted. Pre- and posttransplant data were assessed and analyzed.Results: Overall, 25 patients with LAM underwent bilateral LT. The mean age was 35.0 ± 8.6 years at diagnosis and 36.8 ± 9.3 years at the time of transplant. Before LT, only six patients could complete pulmonary function test; the reachable mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) before LT was 15.9 ± 6.9%. Twenty-one patients (84%) had a recurrent pneumothorax, four (16.0%) of which required pleurodesis. Eight patients (32%) were treated with sirolimus pretransplant for 3.9 years (1–9 years). The average intra-surgery bleeding volume was 1,280 ± 730 ml in need of a transfusion of 1,316 ± 874 ml due to moderate-to-severe adhesion and pretransplant pleurodesis. The causes of death of four patients (16%) included primary graft dysfunction, bronchial dehiscence with long-term use of sirolimus, and uncontrollable infections. The median follow-up time from LT was 41.1 ± 25.0 months.Conclusions: LT for LAM patients from the Asian population has been reinforced from the data that we presented. Peri-transplantation use of sirolimus and LAM-related complications should be further defined and under constant surveillance.

Changes in Pulmonary Function Response to a 10-Week Controlled Exercise Program in Sedentary Elderly Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyuan Huang ◽  
Wayne H. Osness
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

This randomized clinical trial was aimed to assess whether pulmonary function would change in sedentary elderly people after a controlled exercise program. 45 participants over 75 yr. of age ( M age 83.7 ± 3.0) were assigned randomly to a control and two aerobic exercise groups of moderate and high intensity. In 10 wk. the program sessions were 40 min. in duration 3 days per week. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec. (FEV1.0) were measured pre- and post-intervention. After the training, the Moderate intensity group experienced significant mean change in FVC. In the High intensity group, significant changes were observed in both FVC and FEV1.0, but no change was noted for the Control group. The 10-wk. aerobic training of moderate or high intensity showed positive effects on pulmonary function in these elderly individuals. These exercise-induced changes may be dose-related.

Can We Predict Radiation-Induced Changes in Pulmonary Function Based on the Sum of Predicted Regional Dysfunction?

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Fan ◽  
Lawrence B. Marks ◽  
Donna Hollis ◽  
Gunilla G. Bentel ◽  
Mitchell S. Anscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Regional Perfusion ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Regional Dysfunction ◽  
Induced Changes

PURPOSE: To determine whether changes in whole-lung pulmonary function test (PFT) values are related to the sum of predicted radiation therapy (RT)-induced changes in regional lung perfusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1991 and 1998, 96 patients (61% with lung cancer) who were receiving incidental partial lung irradiation were studied prospectively. The patients were assessed with pre- and post-RT PFTs (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO]) for at least a 6-month follow-up period, and patients were excluded if it was determined that intrathoracic recurrence had an impact on lung function. The maximal declines in PFT values were noted. A dose-response model based on RT-induced reduction in regional perfusion (function) was used to predict regional dysfunction. The predicted decline in pulmonary function was calculated as the weighted sum of the predicted regional injuries: equation [Formula: see text] where Vd is the volume of lung irradiated to dose d, and Rd is the reduction in regional perfusion anticipated at dose d. RESULTS: The relationship between the predicted and measured reduction in PFT values was significant for uncorrected DLCO (P = .005) and borderline significant for DLCO (P = .06) and FEV1 (P = .08). However, the correlation coefficients were small (range, .18 to .30). In patients with lung cancer, the correlation coefficients improved as the number of follow-up evaluations increased (range, .43 to .60), especially when patients with hypoperfusion in the lung adjacent to a central mediastinal/hilar thoracic mass were excluded (range, .59 to .91). CONCLUSION: The sum of predicted RT-induced changes in regional perfusion is related to RT-induced changes in pulmonary function. In many patients, however, the percentage of variation explained is small, which renders accurate predictions difficult.

Asthma

2016 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Volcheck
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airway Hyperreactivity ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Chronic Asthma ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Before And After

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation are common to all forms of asthma. Hyperresponsiveness is measured by assessing pulmonary function before and after exposure to albuterol, methacholine, histamine, cold air, or exercise. A decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 20% or more with challenge or an increase in FEV1 of 12% or more with albuterol is considered a sign of airway hyperreactivity. Patients who have chronic asthma and negative results on allergy skin tests usually have an inflammatory infiltrate in the bronchi and histologic findings dominated by eosinophils when asthma is active.

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