scholarly journals Very low sensitivity of wet mount microscopy compared to PCR against culture in the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis in Uganda: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Nabweyambo ◽  
Othman Kakaire ◽  
Stefanie Sowinski ◽  
Alfred Okeng ◽  
Henry Ojiambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Low Sensitivity

scholarly journals Associations between taste sensitivity, preference for sweet and salty flavours, and nutritional status of adolescents from public schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marize Melo dos SANTOS ◽  
Camila Santos MARREIROS ◽  
Herika Brenda Santana da SILVA ◽  
Ana Raquel Soares de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Kyria Jayanne Clímaco CRUZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sweet Foods ◽  
Low Sensitivity

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity, preference for sweet and salty flavours, and nutritional status of adolescents in public schools. Methods We used a cross-sectional study involving 1,036 adolescents of both sexes, aged 10-19 years. Preference for sweet or salty flavours and preference for foods high in sugar or sodium were evaluated. Measurements of body mass index and taste flavour intensity recognition were conducted. Results Most participants were unable to identify the flavours and/or intensities, and only 18.0% of participants were able to correctly identify both the flavour and intensity of the samples. Most participants (82.1%) preferring sweet foods had low sensitivity to this taste, just as a large proportion of individuals preferring saltiness (82.3%) were less sensitive to salt (p<0.001). Preference for saltiness was associated with pre-obesity. Conclusion We found an association between a preference for sweet or salty flavours and nutritional status, highlighting the importance of poor food choices in the development of obesity and other chronic diseases.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of in-hospital cases of Pediatric Tuberculosis detected by CBNAAT at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Central India.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Dr. Munindra Pratap Singh ◽  
◽  
Dr. Pawan Kumar Sharma ◽  
Dr. Pradeep Upadhyay ◽  
Dr. Puneet Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Pediatric Tuberculosis ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Background: Childhood tuberculosis is difficult in the identification of the organism due to impropersampling as well as low sensitivity of the smear. Newer diagnostic methods like Cartridge basednucleic acid amplification tests (CBNAAT) can rapidly identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis withimproved sensitivity over the smear testing. Material & Method:This observational record basedcross-sectional study was undertaken to identify the epidemiology of tubercular infection in childrendiagnosed with CBNAAT. The study was carried out by analyzing the data of children from six monthsto 18 years who were diagnosed with Tuberculosis and treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT)from April 2018 to March 2020. Results: Data of a total of 166 patients was analyzed. 42% ofoverall collected samples were reactive to CBNAAT testing for tuberculosis. 40 gastric aspiratesamples were collected and only four (10%) turned reactive for tuberculosis by CBNAAT. None of thepediatric samples was positive for MDR TB. 66% of children completed treatment and 33% weredeclared cured. Conclusion: 42% positivity after CBNAAT testing for tuberculosis infection incollected samples of sputum and gastric aspirate where only 10% yield in GA samples.

Comparison of direct wet mount, Kato–Katz and formol ether sedimentation technique for the diagnosis of hookworm infection in Debre Elias Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 004947552097593
Author(s):  
Yibeltal Aschale ◽  
Ligabaw Worku ◽  
Ayenew Addisu ◽  
Mekuannint Alemu ◽  
Abebe Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Study Participants

Hookworm infection is a neglected parasitic disease. Direct wet mount is the usual method for the diagnosis of hookworm in Ethiopia, but its sensitivity is unsatisfactory. A cross-sectional study was therefore conducted from January to February 2018 among 192 study participants in Debre Elias district. Stool samples were processed by three methods: the prevalence of hookworm was 77.6%, 68.2% and 49.0% by Kato–Katz, formol ether sedimentation technique and direct wet mount, respectively. Direct wet mount had relatively low sensitivity (61.4%) compared to formol ether sedimentation technique (85.6%) and Kato–Katz (97.4%). The latter two compared well with the gold standard method with kappa values of κ = 0.94, κ = 0.71 and κ = 0.39, respectively, and are therefore recommended over against the direct wet mount technique in detecting hookworm.

scholarly journals Clinical prediction rules for childhood UTIs: a cross-sectional study in ambulatory care

BJGP Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. BJGPO.2021.0171
Author(s):  
Hanne Ann Boon ◽  
Jan Y Verbakel ◽  
Tine De Burghgraeve ◽  
Ann Van den Bruel
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Prediction Rules ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prediction Rules ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

BackgroundDiagnosing childhood urinary tract infections (UTI) is challenging.AimValidate clinical prediction rules (UTIcalc, DUTY, Gorelick) for paediatric UTIs in primary care.Design & settingPost-hoc analysis of a cross-sectional study in 39 general practices and 2 emergency departments (Belgium, March 2019 to March 2020).MethodPhysicians recruited acutely ill children ≤18 years and sampled urine systematically for culture. Per rule, we performed an apparent validation; calculated sensitivities and specificities with 95%CI per threshold in the target group. For the DUTY coefficient-based algorithm, we performed a logistic calibration and calculated the Area Under the Curve with 95%CI.ResultsOf 834 children ≤18 years recruited, there were 297 children <5 years. The UTIcalc and Gorelick score had high to moderate sensitivity and low specificity (UTIcalc ≥2%) 75%; and 16% respectively; Gorelick (≥2 variables) 91%; and 8%. In contrast, the DUTY score ≥5 points had low sensitivity (8%), but high specificity (99%). Urine samples would be obtained in 72% vs 38% (UTIcalc), 92% vs 38% (Gorelick) or 1% vs 32% (DUTY) of children, compared to routine care. The number of missed infections per score was 1/4 (UTIcalc), 2/23 (Gorelick) and 24/26 (DUTY). The UTIcalc+ dipstick model had high sensitivity and specificity (100%; and 91%); resulting in no missed cases and 59% (95%CI 49%–68%) of antibiotics prescribed inappropriately.ConclusionIn this study, the UTIcalc and Gorelick score were useful for ruling out UTI but resulted in high urine sampling rates. The DUTY score had low sensitivity, meaning that 92% of UTIs would be missed.

scholarly journals KESAHIHAN PEMERIKSAAN COMPLEX SPECIFIC COCKTAIL ANTIGEN TB (ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPT-64) METODE CEPAT IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY PADA CAIRAN SEREBROSPINAL PASIEN MENINGITIS TUBERKULOSIS {Validity of Rapid Immunochromatography Complex Specific Cocktail Antigen TB (Esat-6, Cfp-10, Mpt-64) Using Cerebrospinal Fluid of Tuberculous Meningitis Patient}

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Livia Noviani ◽  
Ida Parwati ◽  
Ganiem AR ◽  
Turbawati DK
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Definite Diagnosis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Low Sensitivity

The early diagnosis of definite tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is very important in reducing its mortality. The current gold standard ofTBM relies on the isolation of M. tuberculosis from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) either with direct staining or M. tuberculosis culture, but theseexamination have a low sensitivity due to the pausibasilary condition. Recently there is an assay using rapid Immunochromatography(ICT) cocktail antigen TB in CSF to diagnose TBM. This method can detect ESAT-6, CFP-10 and MPT-64 antigen as an important virulencefactor for the spreading of bacteria to extra pulmonary which is secreted by M. tuberculosis in CSF from TBM patient. The aim of thisstudy was to know the validity of rapid ICT cocktail antigen TB using CSF against MODS culture and acid-fast bacili as a gold standardto diagnose TBM by analyzing. This study iscarried out by a descriptive observational study using cross sectional study design. Thesubjects are patients who were diagnosed as suspected TBM based on Marais criteria and were obtained from the Department of NeurologyHospital Dr. Hasan Sadikin. The examination was done at the Clinical Microbiology Department of Clinical Pathology Dr. Hasan Sadikinhospital since January 2014 until May 2014. A total of 41 subjects which consisted of six (6) subjects with a definite diagnosis of TBM,26 with probable TBM and nine (9) with possible TBM were enrolled in this study. The result of this assay againts acid-fast bacili has the100% sensitivity, 64.1% specificity, 12.5% PPV, 100% NPV, LR(+) 2.78, LR(–)0 and 65.8% accuracy. The result of this assay againtsM. tuberculosis culture has the 83.3% sensitivity, 68.5% specificity, PPV 31.2%, NPV 96%, LR(+) 2.65, LR(–)0.24, accuracy 70.7% andprevalence ratio 7.8. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the validity of this assay againts acid-fast bacili has a high sensitivity,moderate specificity, low PPV, high NPV and moderate accuracy. The result of this assay againts M. tuberculosis culture has a moderatesensitivity and specificity, low PPV, high NPV and moderate accuracy.

scholarly journals Hypoxaemia in Nigerian Children Presenting to the Children Emergency Ward (CHEW) of a Tertiary Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Okoh Boma ◽  
Jaja Tamunopriye
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Emergency Ward ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Aim: To determine the prevalence of hypoxaemia and predictors of signs of hypoxaemia in children with various disease conditions admitted into the CHEW of a tertiary health facility. Place and Duration: Department of Paediatrics (Children Emergency Ward). Study was done from 1st February to 30th April 2015. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study of 129 children admitted into the CHEW with various disease conditions. Biodata and clinical examination was done in all patients.  Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was determined at admission using pulse oximeter for every sick child admitted. Hypoxaemia was defined as SpO2 less than 90%. Results: One hundred and twenty nine children were studied.  Ages of subjects ranged between 0.08years and 17 years with a mean age of 3.06 ± 3.65 years. The mean age of 3.34 ± 3.97 years for males was higher than 2.70 ± 3.22 years for females. Thirty one (24%) children had hypoxaemia on admission with 20(64.5%) with respiratory diseases. Infants (P=.004) and children with respiratory disease (P=.047) had a significantly higher prevalence of hypoxaemia among the study group. Chest in drawing was a common feature but grunting had the best positive predictive value of more than 80%    but with low sensitivity of 3. Conclusion: Hypoxaemia is prevalent in children who are ill and need emergency care. Respiratory diseases and infants account for a major proportion of hypoxaemic children seen in emergency wards. Chest in drawing is a common feature from different studies; presence of grunting was highly predictive in this study although had low sensitivity.

scholarly journals Multiattribute Analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnostics and Its Correlation with Clinical Complaints and Contraceptive Methods in a Symptomatic Egyptian Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Marwa M. I. Ghallab ◽  
Doaa Alaa ◽  
Salwa M. Morsy
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Background. Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infection has been long considered among the sexually transmitted diseases that possesses a clear effect on women’s health especially in the childbearing period. Methods. A 234 females of age range 18-45 years old attending the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic of Kasr El Aini Hospitals were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The taken vaginal swabs were subjected to wet mount microscopy, Giemsa stain, modified Diamond’s culture, and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) amplification. Multiattribute and analytical hierarchy processes were conducted to detect laboratory utility. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to detect the multiple risk factors that may be associated with Trichomonas infection. Results. Based on nPCR, the prevalence of trichomoniasis was 26.9%. Wet mount, Giemsa stain, and culture showed 100% specificity but of low sensitivity (28.57%, 28.57%, and 57.14%, respectively). On the multivariate analysis, nPCR showed the highest rank for diagnostic performance and culture had the lowest rank. For univariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between T. vaginalis infection and vaginal discharge, burning sensation, dyspareunia, and the use of intrauterine device (IUD) ( P value < 0.05). Conclusion. The routine screening of trichomoniasis using nPCR was reliable, sensitive, and specific. Also, it could financially be considered a more suitable option in batch screening. Significant higher rates of infection were reported among IUD users compared to condom or hormonal-based methods.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

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