Risk factors of preterm birth among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals of central zone, Tigray, Ethiopia: unmatched case–control study 2017/2018

Background: Around 15 million babies are born prematurely in the world every year. The most common cause of neonatal death in Ethiopia is premature birth. To reduce the rate of preterm delivery by correcting modifiable or preventable causes, the availability of local data is important. Hence, this study aimed to identify the determinants of preterm birth among women who gave birth in public hospitals in central Ethiopia. Methods: An Institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in central Ethiopia to select 170 cases and 340 controls. The collected data were entered into EPI INFO and transferred to SPSS for analysis. Tables, graphs, and proportions were used to present the results. Binary and multiple logistic regressions analysis were computed to identify determinants of preterm birth. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and a p-value < 0.05 were computed to determine the presence of an association between preterm birth and independent variables. Results: A total of 166 cases and 332 controls participated in the study, giving a response rate of 97.6%. Cigarette smoking (AOR=3.77, 95% CI=1.35,10.56), alcohol consumption (AOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.11,3.10), wanted but unplanned pregnancy (AOR=3,95% CI=1.68,5.34), neither wanted nor planned pregnancy(AOR=3.61% CI=1.62,8.06), lack of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR=4.13, 95% CI=1.95, 8.74), adverse birth outcomes (AOR=5.66, 95% CI=2.88,11.12), presence of a diagnosed illness (AOR=2.81, 95% CI=1.37, 5.76), presence of one or more of obstetrics complications(AOR=6.44, 95% CI=5.49, 3.35, 9), and hemoglobin level < 11g/dl (AOR=2.78, 95% CI=1.48, 5.22) were determinants of preterm birth. Conclusion:-In this study, cigarette smoking status, alcohol drinking status, pregnancy status, adverse birth outcomes, ANC visits, obstetric complications, presence of medical illness, and anemia were identified as determinants of preterm birth. It is important to encourage such women to attend ANC visits, stop smoking, and abstain from alcohol.

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Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy in Brazilian Children: A Case-Control Study

10.1101/2020.12.01.20242248 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marcus Valerius da Silva Peixoto ◽

Andrezza Marques Duque ◽

Allan Dantas dos Santos ◽

Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima ◽

Caíque Jordan Nunes Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Perinatal Factors ◽

Apgar Scores ◽

Control Study ◽

Brazilian Children

ABSTRACTBackgroundCerebral palsy is the main cause of physical disability in childhood.ObjectivesThis study analyzed prenatal and perinatal risk factors that contribute to cerebral palsy in Brazilian children.MethodsA case-control study was conducted with 2- to 10-year-old children in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. The cases were population-based, selected from the Primary Health Care services. The controls were selected from the database of the Brazilian Live Births Information System. Controls were paired with cases by gender, year, and hospital of birth.ResultsA total of 570 participants (114 cases and 456 controls) were studied. Most of the participants were male, with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Among the prenatal factors examined, the presence of congenital anomalies was significantly different between cases and controls (OR = 54.28, [95% CI 12.55, 234.86]). The analysis of perinatal factors revealed significant differences between cases and controls in low birth weight (OR = 3.8, [95% CI 2.34, 6.16]), preterm birth (OR = 2.31, [95% CI 1.41, 3.80]), and low Apgar scores (OR = 14.73, [95% CI 5.27, 41.15]).ConclusionsThe main prenatal and perinatal factors associated with cerebral palsy in our population were congenital anomalies, low Apgar scores, low birth weight, and preterm birth. The perinatal period had more risk factors, demanding a deeper study of their causes and of possible preventive measures.

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Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcome of Preterm Births at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Maiduguri, Nigeria: A 2-year Case-Control Study

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

Obetta Hillary Ikechukwu ◽

Babagana Bako ◽

Nweze Sylvester Onuegunam

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Birth Outcome ◽

Preterm Births ◽

Case Control ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

The Mean ◽

Control Study

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in developing societies like Nigeria. It poses huge long-term medical and financial burdens for the affected children, their families, the health care system and society at large. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and birth outcome of PTB at UMTH, Nigeria. Methodology: A two-year case-control study of cases of preterm births at the UMTH, from 1st January, 2016 to 31st December, 2017 was undertaken. For each PTB, the next term delivery was taken as control. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors, gestational ages at presentation and delivery, and birth outcome were obtained from the women’s case files with proforma and compared with that of the control. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 23. The statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: During the period under review, there were 6,171 deliveries and preterm births constituted 291 births giving a prevalence rate of 4.7% or 47 per 1000 deliveries. The mean ages for the cases and controls were similar 26.4± 6.1 vs 26.5± 5.3 with (F=0.15, P=0.7) while the mean parity were 3.0±2.6 and 3.2±2.5 with (F=4.6, P=0.03). Nulliparity was commoner among the cases 61(24.6%) compared to the controls 34(13..7%) with X2 = 9.69, P=0.001. Similarly, 96(38.7%) of the cases were unbooked compared to 44(17.7%) among the conrols X2 = 26.9, P=0.000. About 20% of the cases had no formal education compared to 13% of the control. Preterm birth was associated with unbooking status (OR=1.82, CI: 1.40-2.36), nulliparity (OR = 2.05, CI: 1.29-3.26), previous preterm delivery (OR = 95.2, CI: 13.10-691.99) and pregnancy induced hypertension (OR = 25.45, CI: 9.13-70.92). Antepartum haemorrhage (OR = 13.89, CI: 4.92-39.25), twin gestation (OR = 18.18, CI: 2.40-137.68), Polyhydramnios (OR = 2.02, CI: 1.85-2.22) and PROM (OR = 5.39, CI: 2.87-10.15) were other risk factors independently associated with PTB. The perinatal mortality in PTB was 43(16.2%). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of PTB at the UMTH is 4.7% and is associated with previous PTB, unbooked status, twin gestation, polyhydramnious, APH and PIH. Efforts should be intensified on educating women of reproductive age group on the benefits of antenatal booking in pregnancy and quality antenatal care as this would provide ample opportunity for early detection and proper management of women at risk. Keywords: Preterm birth, Risk factors, Neonatal outcome, Maiduguri.

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Assessing the risk factors of preterm births in Kurdistan, Iran: a case-control study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32989/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Siros Hemmatpour ◽

Majid Mansori ◽

Ghobad Moradi ◽

Shobo Sheikhahmadi ◽

Batool Bagheri

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Blood Type ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Term Infants ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Preterm birth is one of the most common causes of mortality in infants. Despite advances in health care and better access to health services in many countries, preterm birth has increased over the past two decades. Methods This case control study was conducted on two groups with 100 participants including 100 preterm infants (case) and 100 term infants (control) with gender match in Kurdistan Province-Iran in 2018. The required information was collected from medical files and interviewing the mothers as to demographical information, midwifery specifications, background diseases, disease over pregnancy term, and infants’ information. Conditional logistic regression test was used to estimate the final model and compute the risk ratio. Results Multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk of preterm birth in individual with AB blood type was higher (OR=5.04; 95% CI 1.40-18.08). In addition, the risk of preterm birth was higher in the mothers with a history of stillbirth (OR=13.63; 95% CI 1.39-133.5). Preterm birth was significantly related to the history of birth diseases, history of pregnancy diseases, and using medicine for specific diseases during pregnancy. Conclusions Blood type of mother, history of still birth, history of birth disease, history of pregnancy diseases, using medicines for specific diseases, and history of preterm birth were the risk factors of preterm birth. These factors need to be taken into account before and during pregnancy. Paying more attention to these factors attenuates the rate of preterm birth and premature infants and in turn the mortality rate of infants and mothers.

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Neonatal sepsis risk factors in public hospitals in Wollega zones, Ethiopia: case control study

PAMJ - One Health ◽

10.11604/pamj-oh.2022.7.2.27310 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Werku Etafa ◽

Getahun Fetensa ◽

Reta Tsegaye ◽

Bizuneh Wakuma ◽

Sundararajan Vasantha Kumari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Sepsis Risk ◽

Control Study

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Risk Factors for Difficult Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation. The PIVV2 Multicentre Case-Control Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9030799 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 799 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miguel Angel Rodriguez-Calero ◽

Joan Ernest de Pedro-Gomez ◽

Luis Javier Molero-Ballester ◽

Ismael Fernandez-Fernandez ◽

Catalina Matamalas-Massanet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Previous History ◽

Case Control ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Study Population ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

Background. Difficult peripheral intravenous cannulation (DPIVC) is associated with serious complications related to vascular access. These complications might be avoided if the risk factors were identified previously, enabling the detection of potentially difficult situations at an early stage. The aim of this study is to consider these risk factors, to determine the influence of the hospital setting, to examine the association between DPIVC and the different techniques of catheter insertion and to analyse the importance of the clinician’s experience in this context. Methods. Case-control study following a previously published protocol, conducted in 48 units of eight public hospitals in Spain. Adult patients requiring a peripheral intravenous cannula were prospectively included in the study population during their hospital stay. Over a period of 11 months, for consecutive eligible patients, nurses in each participating unit recorded data on their assessment of the vascular access performed and the technique used. Variables related to these medical personnel were also recorded. One of the researchers reviewed the patients’ clinical history to compile the relevant health variables and to characterise the healthcare process. The statistical analysis included association tests among the main study variables. The risk factors were analysed using bivariate logistic regression. The variables found to be statistically significant were included in a multivariate logistic regression model incorporating each of the healthcare environments identified. Results. The study population was composed of 2662 patients, of whom 221 (8.3%) presented with DPIVC. A previous history of difficulty, the presence of non-palpable veins, acute upper limb alterations and punctures in the ante-cubital fossa were found to be independent risk factors for DPIVC. Differences were found in the frequency of occurrence of DPIVC and in some risk factors, according to the healthcare context. The variables related to the characteristics of the hospital personnel did not influence the study event. Conclusion: The present study identifies four independent risk factors for DPIVC that can be incorporated into algorithms aimed at preventing its occurrence and facilitating the referral of patients to vascular access specialist teams.

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A case control study of risk factors and neonatal outcomes of preterm birth

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.tjog.2018.10.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 814-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Min Jiang ◽

Miskatul Mustafa Mishu ◽

Dan Lu ◽

Xianghua Yin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Control Study

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Determinants of Uterine Rupture and Its Management Outcomes among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Public Hospitals of Tigrai, North Ethiopia: An Unmatched Case Control Study

Journal of Pregnancy ◽

10.1155/2020/8878037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Meresa Berwo Mengesha ◽

Desta Abraha Weldegeorges ◽

Yared Hailesilassie ◽

Weldu Mammo Werid ◽

Mulu Gebretsadik Weldemariam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Uterine Rupture ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Obstructed Labor ◽

Health Institutions ◽

Control Study ◽

Remote Health

Introduction. Uterine rupture is a leading cause of maternal death in Ethiopia. Despite strengthening the health care system and providing basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care closer to the communities, uterine rupture continues to produce devastating maternal and fetal outcomes. Although risk factors of uterine rupture are context specific, there is lack of clarity in our context towards the contributing factors and untoward outcomes of uterine rupture. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors of uterine rupture and its impacts in public hospitals of Tigrai. Objective. This study would identify determinant factors of uterine rupture and its management outcomes among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals in Tigrai region, North Ethiopia. Method. A retrospective hospital-based unmatched case control study design was implemented with 135 cases of women with uterine rupture and 270 controls of women without uterine rupture. Cases were enrolled consecutively from case notes of women who gave birth from 1/9/2015 to 30/6/2019, while charts (case note) of women without uterine rupture found following the cases were selected randomly and enrolled. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression with 95% confidence interval was used to identify the determinants of uterine rupture. Result. Mothers referred from remote health institutions (AOR 7.29 (95% CI: 2.7, 19.68)), mothers who visited once for antenatal care (AOR 2.85 (95% CI: 1.02, 7.94)), those experiencing obstructed labor (AOR 13.33 (95% CI: 4.23, 42.05)), and birth weight of a newborn greater than four kilograms (AOR 5.68 (95% CI: 1.39, 23.2)) were significantly associated with uterine rupture. From 135 mothers who develop uterine rupture, 13 (9.6%) mothers died and 101 (74.8%) fetuses were stillborn. Obstetrical complications like abdominal hysterectomy in 75 (55.6%) of mothers and excessive blood loss in 84 (57.8%) were additional untoward outcomes of uterine rupture. Conclusion. Referrals from remote health institutions, once-visited antenatal care, obstructed labor, and birth weight of newborns greater than four kilograms were significant determinants of uterine rupture. Maternal death, stillbirth, hysterectomy, and hemorrhage were adverse outcomes. The findings of this study suggest early identification of factors that expose to uterine rupture during antenatal care, labor, and delivery must be attended to and further prospective studies are needed to explore predictors of untoward outcomes. Knowing the determinants of uterine rupture helps prevent the occurrence of a problem in pregnant women, which reduces maternal morbidity and mortality, and would have a tremendous help in identifying the best optional strategies in our current practices. This assertion was added to the abstract concluding session.

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