scholarly journals Opioid use, motivation to quit, and treatment status related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Parker ◽  
Jon Agley ◽  
Zachary W. Adams ◽  
Andrea C. Villanti
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Opioid Users

Abstract Objective Persons who use opioids may be at elevated risk of harm from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet few data currently exist that can be used to examine this risk. As part of a rapid response survey, this study measured opioid users’ perceptions of risk or harm from COVID-19, as well as potential changes in motivation to quit, frequency of use, and engagement with treatment. Data collected from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (n = 562) were analyzed. Results Participants perceived modest risk elevation from COVID-19 due to their opioid use, and perceived moderate risk to themselves or their community from COVID-19. Since learning about COVID-19, 31.2% reported decreasing their opioid use, and 26.0% reported increased motivation to quit. Thirty-seven percent of participants reported both their use and motivation to quit stayed the same; 16.6% reported decreased use and increased motivation to quit. Participants who reported that their opioid use increased after learning about COVID-19, or whose motivation to quit opioids decreased, were more likely to also be engaged in treatment than those whose use or motivation stayed the same. These preliminary findings suggest that there likely is an association between COVID-19, opioid use, and treatment engagement that merits further in-depth investigation.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Opioid Use in a Cohort of Patients Presenting for Surgery

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Hah ◽  
Yasamin Sharifzadeh ◽  
Bing M. Wang ◽  
Matthew J. Gillespie ◽  
Stuart B. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Opioid Users

Objectives. Patients taking opioids prior to surgery experience prolonged postoperative opioid use, worse clinical outcomes, increased pain, and more postoperative complications. We aimed to compare preoperative opioid users to their opioid naïve counterparts to identify differences in baseline characteristics. Methods. 107 patients presenting for thoracotomy, total knee replacement, total hip replacement, radical mastectomy, and lumpectomy were investigated in a cross-sectional study to characterize the associations between measures of pain, substance use, abuse, addiction, sleep, and psychological measures (depressive symptoms, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, somatic fear and anxiety, and fear of pain) with opioid use. Results. Every 9-point increase in the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R) score was associated with 2.37 (95% CI 1.29–4.32) increased odds of preoperative opioid use (p=0.0005). The SOAPP-R score was also associated with 3.02 (95% CI 1.36–6.70) increased odds of illicit preoperative opioid use (p=0.007). Also, every 4-point increase in baseline pain at the future surgical site was associated with 2.85 (95% CI 1.12–7.27) increased odds of legitimate preoperative opioid use (p=0.03). Discussion. Patients presenting with preoperative opioid use have higher SOAPP-R scores potentially indicating an increased risk for opioid misuse after surgery. In addition, legitimate preoperative opioid use is associated with preexisting pain.

scholarly journals Opioids and Migraine: Opioid Awareness and Frequency of Use among Turkish Migraineurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
D. H. Ertem ◽  
C. I. Basarir ◽  
G. Baran ◽  
N. Gonderten ◽  
F. Ilik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Frequency Of Use

Despite the inadequate evidence of effi cacy and safety of opioid use for the treatment of migraine, it has been reported that patients with moderate to severe migraine headaches are prescribed opioids. Migraineurs may experience serious health impacts from opioids such as headache-related disability, psychiatric and cardiovascular comorbidities. The reduction of the risk of opioid abuse and prevention of an opioid epidemic are important public health challenges. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of opioid therapy for migraine and the frequency of use among Turkish patients with episodic and chronic migraine. Materials and methods: consecutive migraine patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and used by the researchers to assess the patients’ awareness of an opiod treatment option and the frequency of use of opioids for migraine treatment. Results. One hundred two patients were enrolled, of which 72 had episodic migraine and 30 had chronic migraine. All subjects reported that they had not been offered or prescribed any kind of opioids by general practitioners and neurologists for their headache. Besides, only 7 % of patients declared that they had heard of opioid treatment for migraine but they had never consulted their doctors about its effects. Conclusions. Our fi ndings demonstrated that opioids were not preferred as an option for acute or preventive migraine treatment by Turkish migraineurs and their physicians. The reduction of opioid prescription will help to prevent the development of medication overuse and opiate-induced headaches and drug addiction.

scholarly journals Low Back Pain and Substance Use: Diagnostic and Administrative Coding for Opioid Use and Dependence Increased in U.S. Older Adults with Low Back Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth B Hogans ◽  
Bernadette C Siaton ◽  
Michelle N Taylor ◽  
Leslie I Katzel ◽  
John D Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of pain and disability. Substance use complicates the management of LBP, and potential risks increase with aging. Despite implications for an aging, diverse U.S. population, substance use and LBP comorbidity remain poorly defined. The objective of this study was to characterize LBP and substance use diagnoses in older U.S. adults by age, gender, and race. Design Cross-sectional study of a random national sample. Subjects Older adults including 1,477,594 U.S. Medicare Part B beneficiaries. Methods Bayesian analysis of 37,634,210 claims, with 10,775,869 administrative and 92,903,649 diagnostic code assignments. Results LBP was diagnosed in 14.8±0.06% of those more than 65 years of age, more in females than in males (15.8±0.08% vs. 13.4±0.09%), and slightly less in those more than 85 years of age (13.3±0.2%). Substance use diagnosis varied by substance: nicotine, 9.6±0.02%; opioid, 2.8±0.01%; and alcohol, 1.3±0.01%. Substance use diagnosis declined with advancing age cohort. Opioid use diagnosis was markedly higher for those in whom LBP was diagnosed (10.5%) than for those not diagnosed with LBP (1.5%). Most older adults (54.9%) with an opioid diagnosis were diagnosed with LBP. Gender differences were modest. Relative rates of substance use diagnoses in LBP were modest for nicotine and alcohol. Conclusions Older adults with LBP have high relative rates of opioid diagnoses, irrespective of gender or age. Most older adults with opioid-related diagnoses have LBP, compared with a minority of those not opioid diagnosed. In caring for older adults with LBP or opioid-related diagnoses, health systems must anticipate complexity and support clinicians, patients, and caregivers in managing pain comorbidities. Older adults may benefit from proactive incorporation of non-opioid pain treatments. Further study is needed.

scholarly journals Exploration of COVID-19-Based Changes to Caregiver Burden and Caregiving Intensity among Informal Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 945-945
Author(s):  
Steven Cohen ◽  
Zachary Kunicki ◽  
Megan Drohan ◽  
Mary Greaney
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Abstract Individuals providing unpaid care of assistance to family members and friends (e.g. informal caregivers), may have been uniquely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Research is needed to examine the pandemic’s effect on informal caregivers’ caregiving intensity and burden. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to explore self-reported changes in caregiver intensity (CI) and caregiver burden (CB) due to the pandemic to identify factors associated with changes in responsibilities and burdens. In June 2020, informal caregivers providing care to someone aged 50+ (n=835) reported their current and pre-pandemic caregiving intensity and burden. Data were collected via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Chi-square tests were used to examine bivariate associations between pandemic time (pre vs. post) differences in CI and CB. Multinomial regression was used to assess multivariate predictors of changes to CI and CB due to COVID-19. Results showed a significant U-shaped association between initial CB and CB change due to COVID-19. Higher levels of initial CB were associated with both a significant decrease in CB during COVID-19 (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.06-1.67), and a significant increase in CB during COVID-19 (OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.05-1.43). There were no significant associations between initial CB and changes in CI due to COVID-19, although older caregivers were more likely to experience a decrease in CB due to caregiving (OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00-1.05). These mixed results suggest that caregivers with high initial CB experienced the most extreme changes to CB due to COVID-19. Future planned analyses will focus on understanding the potential drivers behind these unexpected results.

‘Ice’ flavoured e-cigarette use among young adults

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056416
Author(s):  
Adam Leventhal ◽  
Hongying Dai ◽  
Jessica Barrington-Trimis ◽  
Steve Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Exposure Variable

Background‘Ice’ e-cigarette flavours—marketed as a combination of fruity/sweet and cooling flavours (eg, ‘blueberry ice’ or ‘melon ice’)—recently entered the US market. The prevalence and correlates of ice flavoured e-cigarette use in young adults are unknown.MethodsThis cross-sectional study of a Los Angeles, California, USA, cohort analysed data from the past 30-day e-cigarette (current) users (n=344; M (SD)=21.2 (0.4) years old) who completed web-based surveys from May–August 2020. The exposure variable was self-reported e-cigarette flavour used most often in the past month (menthol/mint, fruit/sweet or ice). Outcomes included self-reported combustible tobacco use, vaping dependence symptoms, frequency of use and device type used.ResultsAmong current e-cigarette users, 48.8% reported using ice flavours most often, 33.7% predominately used fruit/sweet and 17.4% used menthol/mint. Using primarily ice-flavour was associated with reporting more past-30-day vaping days (vs menthol/mint: b=4.4, 95% CI (1 to 7.7); vs fruit/sweet: b=3.6, 95% CI (0.8 to 6.4)) and more episodes per vaping day versus fruit/sweet users (b=2.4, 95% CI (0.5 to 4.3)). Ice-flavour users were less likely than menthol/mint users to use JUUL/cartridge-based rechargeable (OR=0.1, 95% CI (0.03 to 0.45)) and more likely than sweet/fruit users to use disposable non-cartridge (OR=3.9, 95% CI (2.1 to 7.4)) devices than refillable/rechargeable tank/pen or other devices. Ice users had greater odds of past 30-day combustible tobacco use versus menthol/mint users (OR=2.7, 95% CI (1.3 to 5.7)) and vaping dependence symptoms than versus sweet/fruit users (OR=2.6, 95% CI (1.5 to 4.4)).ConclusionYoung adult use of ice flavoured e-cigarettes may be common and positively associated with combustible tobacco use, nicotine vaping frequency and dependence and use of disposable e-cigarette devices. Further study of the prevalence, determinants and health effects of ice flavoured e-cigarette use is warranted.

scholarly journals Clinical Assessment and Management of Spondyloarthritides in the Middle East: A Multinational Investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hammoudeh ◽  
Hanan Al Rayes ◽  
Adel Alawadhi ◽  
Kamel Gado ◽  
Khalid Shirazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
East Region ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Middle East Region

Data on spondyloarthritis (SpA) from the Middle East are sparse and the management of these diseases in this area of the world faces a number of challenges, including the relevant resources to enable early diagnosis and referral and sufficient funds to aid the most appropriate treatment strategy. The objective was to report on the characteristics, disease burden, and treatment of SpA in the Middle East region and to highlight where management strategies could be improved, with the overall aim of achieving better patient outcomes. This multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on 169 consecutive SpA patients at four centers (Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia). The data collected presents the average time from symptom onset to diagnosis along with the presence of comorbidities in the region and comparisons between treatment with NSAIDs and biologics. In the absence of regional registries of SpA patients, the data presented here provide a rare snapshot of the characteristics, disease burden, and treatment of these patients, highlighting the management challenges in the region.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices Assessment of Decontamination during Root Canal Treatment in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Necdet Adanir ◽  
Hassan Alkhalaf ◽  
Maram H. Alanazi ◽  
Asma S. Alghamdi ◽  
Abdullah A. Aljami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rubber Dam ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Partial Isolation

Introduction: Bacteria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular pathoses. For example: Apical periodontitis is an inflammation of dental periapical tissues developed as a response to colonization of microorganisms in root canal system. The elimination of microbial species from the infected root canal system necessitates a strict aseptic condition for Instrumentation, disinfection and inter appointment medication. Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans had been commonly associated organisms in treatment-resistant infections. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study based on web-survey questionnaires developed by the authors with high confidence. The sample size was 304 estimated using the Qualtrics calculator with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. The questionnaire is divided into sections, regarding endodontic practice include endodontic education , years of experience , used of rubber dam or no and how to used irrigant solution whoever Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Chlorhexidine, chelating agents (EDTA) or (MTAD) and reasons of every irrigant that prevents during root canal treatment. Data were collected using Google forms and prepared for analysis using Microsoft Excel. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Results: A total of 304 participants responded, 44.1% dental interns, 39.5% General Dentist, 9.9% Endodontist, 6.3% other dental specialty. the Probable reasons that prevent them using rubber dam during root canal treatment are: 5.9% due to difficulty to apply, 9.2% due to lack of materials, 5.3% because it is a time-consuming, 1.6% said that other isolation methods are enough (partial isolation), 3.9% because of multiple reason combined together. 48.7% they always use rubber dam, so they did not choose any of the previous reasons. Conclusion: In conclusion, we identify and understand, most of the participants “always using rubber dam” during root canal treatment and the most common reasons was time consumption that prevented dentist from using rubber. In this study majority of participants preferred NaOCl 81.9% and 7.1% don’t use it.

Hydration and obesity among outpatient-based population: H2Ob study

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-783
Author(s):  
Juana Carretero-Gómez ◽  
Jose Carlos Arévalo Lorido ◽  
Ricardo Gómez Huelgas ◽  
Begoña De Escalante Yangüela ◽  
Borja Gracia Tello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Urine Osmolarity ◽  
Plasma Osmolarity ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Relationship

Recent evidence suggests that obese people are hypohydrated and that water consumption may be a useful indicator for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Nevertheless, there is no agreement regarding the best hydration status indicators and there are few data about the relationship between hydration and body weight. In the present study, we aim to analyze the correlation among hydration status with obesity measured by three different methods (plasma osmolarity, urinary specific gravity (USG) and urinary osmolarity) in a hospital-based outpatient population. We have carried out a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between obesity and hydration status in 260 patients, average 56.5±15.7 years. Hydration status was estimated by means of plasma osmolarity, urine osmolarity and USG. We did show significant trend of higher urine osmolarity (P=0.03), USG (P=0.000) and plasma osmolarity (P=0.000) with an increase of weight status categories, more accurate in the case of plasma osmolarity. In a multivariate analysis, after controlled by confounders, we found that obesity was associated with plasma osmolarity (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17, P=0.009), urine osmolarity (OR 1.00; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01, P=0.05) and USG (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.04, P=0.05). Our results have shown a more accurate relationship between plasma osmolarity with all body mass index categories. This finding may have clinical implications that must be confirmed in further studies.

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