scholarly journals Low-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer: a comprehensive review and update for radiologists

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Amante ◽  
Filipa Santos ◽  
Teresa Margarida Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics ◽  
Borderline Tumour ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
The Difference

AbstractLow-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) is an infrequent subtype of ovarian cancer, corresponding to 5% of epithelial neoplasms. This subtype of ovarian carcinoma characteristically has molecular features, pathogenesis, clinical behaviour, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and prognosis distinct to high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Knowing the difference between LGSC and other ovarian serous tumours is vital to guide clinical management, which currently is only possible histologically. However, imaging can provide several clues that allow differentiating LGSC from other tumours and enable precise staging and follow-up of ovarian cancer treatment. Characteristically, LGSC appears as mixed lesions with variable papillary projections and solid components, usually in different proportions from those detected in serous borderline tumour and HGSC. Calcified extracellular bodies, known as psammoma bodies, are also a common feature of LGSC, frequently detectable within lymphadenopathies and metastases associated with this type of tumour. In addition, the characterisation of magnetic resonance imaging enhancement also plays an essential role in calculating the probability of malignancy of these lesions. As such, in this review, we discuss and update the distinct radiological modalities features and the clinicopathologic characteristics of LGSC to allow radiologists to be familiarised with them and to narrow the differential diagnosis when facing this type of tumour.

scholarly journals Modelling Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Mice: Classical and Emerging Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4806
Author(s):  
Razia Zakarya ◽  
Viive M. Howell ◽  
Emily K. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Genetically Engineered Mouse Models ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Somatic Gene ◽  
Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Aggressive Subtype

High-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most aggressive subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. The identification of germline and somatic mutations along with genomic information unveiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other studies has laid the foundation for establishing preclinical models with high fidelity to the molecular features of HGSC. Notwithstanding such progress, the field of HGSC research still lacks a model that is both robust and widely accessible. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements and utility of HGSC genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) to date. Further analysis and critique on alternative approaches to modelling HGSC considers technological advancements in somatic gene editing and modelling prototypic organs, capable of tumorigenesis, on a chip.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Characterization of Stage I Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Multicentric Study

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1554
Author(s):  
Enrica Calura ◽  
Matteo Ciciani ◽  
Andrea Sambugaro ◽  
Lara Paracchini ◽  
Giuseppe Benvenuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Tumor Biopsies

Stage I epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) represents about 10% of all EOCs. It is characterized by a complex histopathological and molecular heterogeneity, and it is composed of five main histological subtypes (mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell and high, and low grade serous), which have peculiar genetic, molecular, and clinical characteristics. As it occurs less frequently than advanced-stage EOC, its molecular features have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, using in silico approaches and gene expression data, on a multicentric cohort composed of 208 snap-frozen tumor biopsies, we explored the subtype-specific molecular alterations that regulate tumor aggressiveness in stage I EOC. We found that single genes rather than pathways are responsible for histotype specificities and that a cAMP-PKA-CREB1 signaling axis seems to play a central role in histotype differentiation. Moreover, our results indicate that immune response seems to be, at least in part, involved in histotype differences, as a higher immune-reactive behavior of serous and mucinous samples was observed with respect to other histotypes.

High-grade serous carcinoma arising in a low-grade serous carcinoma and micropapillary serous borderline tumour of the ovary in a 23-year-old woman

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ruhul Quddus ◽  
Lanita B Rashid ◽  
Katrine Hansen ◽  
C James Sung ◽  
W Dwayne Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Borderline Tumour

Total Infragastric Omentectomy Including the Vascular Perigastric Arcade in Patients With Advanced Serous Ovarian Tumors

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Gloria Cordeiro Vidal ◽  
Sabrina Croce ◽  
Frédéric Guyon ◽  
Guillaume Babin ◽  
Denis Querleu
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Debulking Surgery ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Primary Debulking Surgery ◽  
Interval Debulking Surgery

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to document the need of including the perigastric area when performing omentectomy in patients with stage III to IV serous epithelial ovarian tumors.Patients and MethodsPatients undergoing omentectomy in the setting of surgery for advanced epithelial serous ovarian cancer between February and September 2015 were included. Patients with macroscopic involvement of the perigastric area, nonepithelial serous tumors, and recurrences of ovarian cancer were excluded. The perigastric area was isolated and comprehensively processed for pathological examination.ResultsTwenty-four patients were included. Six patients underwent primary debulking surgery, and 18 patients underwent an interval debulking surgery. The mean number of pathologic blocks in the perigastric area was 24 (range, 8–41). Microscopic involvement of the perigastric omentum area was found in 62.5% of the cases. One patient had a low-grade serous carcinoma, with microscopic involvement of the perigastric area. Among the 23 patients with a high-grade serous carcinoma, 10 (83%) of 12 patients with a gross involvement of the rest of the omentum had a microscopic involvement of the perigastric area. The presence of microscopic disease in the perigastric arcade was found in 4 (36.3%) of 11 patients with a macroscopically normal omentum.ConclusionsIn this study, evidence is given that total omentectomy including the perigastric area is a necessary component of complete cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer, whatever the macroscopic appearance of the omentum.

Prognostic significance of obesity in high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16528-e16528 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schlumbrecht ◽  
D. Urbauer ◽  
D. Gershenson ◽  
R. Broaddus
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade

e16528 Background: Obesity is an epidemic public health problem in the United States. In gynecologic oncology, obesity is an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. However, its role in the pathogenesis and survival in ovarian cancer is debated. Recent studies have attempted to elucidate a possible relationship, but variations in design and heterogeneity in patient characteristics make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. The purpose of our study was to determine if body mass index at the time of treatment initiation for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma has an effect on patient outcome. Methods: Nine-hundred four patients treated for ovarian cancer at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center were identified between 2002 and 2007. Patients were excluded for low grade or non-serous histology, neoadjuvant treatment, or if presenting with recurrent disease. Clinicopathologic data were extracted by retrospective chart review. Patients were stratified by body mass index (BMI) as normal (BMI<25), overweight (BMI 25-<30), or obese (BMI>30). All were treated with primary cytoreduction and standard platinum/taxane chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was dosed using adjusted body weights. Outcomes included time to recurrence, overall survival, success of surgical debulking, and chemotherapeutic toxicities. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon test, and Kaplan-Meier estimates. Results: A total of 127 patients were included for analysis. Patients were followed for a mean of 37 months (range 3–86 months). Twenty-one patients were obese (16.5%), and 35 were overweight (27.5%). Diabetes was more prevalent in the obese cohort (p = 0.0038). There was a trend towards greater likelihood of suboptimal debulking in obese patients, but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). BMI had no effect on recurrence-free survival (HR 0.69 [CI 0.39–1.23], p = 0.21) or overall survival (HR 0.95 [CI 0.68–2.43], p = 0.91). There was no difference in chemotherapy side effects or chemoresistance across BMI strata. Conclusions: Body mass index has no effect on survival in women with high grade serous ovarian cancer. Effectively managing comorbidities and ensuring adequate chemotherapy dosing in the obese patient is crucial for optimizing outcome. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Characterization of molecular features of pediatric urothelial bladder carcinomas.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
Ana Collazo Lorduy ◽  
Mireia Castillo-Martin ◽  
Grace Hyun ◽  
Nataliya Gladoun ◽  
Carlos Cordon-Cardo
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pediatric Tumors ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Molecular Features

345 Background: Bladder cancer is a rare entity in the pediatric population making it difficult to define surveillance protocols and long term outcomes. Notably, most pediatric tumors are low grade and non-muscle invasive and do not recur. In order to determine the source of the different natural history between pediatric population and adults, we hypothesized that pediatric bladder cancer may potentially stem from different molecular pathways than its adult form. Our main objective was to study the molecular pathogenesis in this rare disease using immunohistochemical (IHC) and mutational analysis of the main known genes involved in bladder cancer. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue slides of bladder tumors from three pediatric patients were retrospectively identified from our institution's pathology archives (1990-present) and re-evaluated. Clinical data was reviewed. FGFR3, H-RAS, and PI3K mutational analysis of the most well-known mutated spots was conducted by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. IHC analysis was conducted using antibodies against p53, Pten, Rb, EGFR, Her2Neu and ki-67. Results: Two patients had low-grade Ta disease, whereas the other tumor was classified as a Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential (PUNLMP). None of the lesions recurred. Two patients were female and one was male. The ages at diagnosis were 13, 11, and 17, with a mean follow-up of 5.2 years (Range: 1.5-8.0 years). All specimens showed H-RAS G12V mutation, whereas they were characterized by wild-type FGFR3 and PI3K. Nuclear p53 was not detected, whereas PTEN and Rb expression were maintained. EGFR was homogenously expressed in the three cases, and Her2Neu was negative. The proliferation rate analyzed by Ki-67 expression was very low in all cases (<5%). Conclusions: Pediatric tumors may arise from a pathway that is not initiated by FGFR3 or p53 mutations, but by H-RAS mutations. This distinction may explain the relatively few recurrences seen in the pediatric population. Molecular investigation of larger series of pediatric tumors is warranted, and will aid in determining the surveillance and the clinical follow up, if any, needed in this rare entity.

Preservation of pregnancy in a patient with advanced ovarian cancer at 20 weeks of gestation: case report and literature review

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1140-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Modares Gilani ◽  
M Karimi Zarchi ◽  
N. Behtash ◽  
F. Ghaemmaghami ◽  
A. S. Mousavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Figo Stage ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Healthy Baby ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Papillary Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Initial Combination

To report a case of FIGO stage III papillary serous carcinoma of ovary, diagnosed during pregnancy at 20 weeks of gestation and treated with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and surgical staging, then initial combination chemotherapy while preserving the pregnancy. The patient underwent cesarean section at 35 weeks after four courses of taxol plus carboplatin. She delivered a healthy baby. After that total hysterectomy, omentectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomies were carried out. The surgical resection was complete and no macroscopic residual diseases were seen. During histologic examination, traces of resistant disease were found. The patient underwent three postoperative courses of chemotherapy (carboplatin plus paclitaxel regimen). After 6 months follow-up, the patient remained in complete remission and the child's development was normal. Combination chemotherapy during pregnancy with preservation of the fetus could be considered, and should be discussed with caution in case of epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed during the second trimester of the pregnancy.

scholarly journals Quantitative Volumetric Analysis Post Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Mansouri ◽  
Sean Symons ◽  
Michael Schwartz ◽  
Joseph Chen ◽  
Farhad Pirouzmand
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Residual Mass ◽  
Postoperative Assessment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background:Computed tomogram (CT) imaging is often used for immediate postoperative assessment of transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for follow-up. The residual mass is known to decrease in size over time but the difference between the two imaging modalities has not been quantified. Our objective was to quantify the size difference of the residual mass on immediate postoperative CT compared with delayed MRI.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 69 patients who had undergone pituitary adenoma resection at our institution between 2004-2010. Sellar and suprasellar diameter, along with the overall volume of the residual mass were measured on both the immediate postoperative CT and delayed MRI.Results:Average preoperative sellar and suprasellar diameter was 22.2 ± 4.6mm and 20.9 ± 5.9mm, respectively. Average sellar residual diameter on immediate postoperative CT (16.5 ± 5.4 mm, 25% reduction) was significantly larger than delayed MRI (10.6 ± 6.2mm, 52% reduction). The average suprasellar component on CT (15.5±6.5mm, 26% reduction) was also significantly larger than that on MRI (3.3 ± 5.4 mm, 84% reduction). The postoperative CT showed a 46% reduction in volume while a 71% reduction was noted on the delayed MRI.Conclusion:A significant reduction in residual mass is noted on delayed MR imaging compared with immediate postoperative CT. Therefore, from a resource management and prognostication point of view, CT should be used for immediate postoperative assessment while delayed MRI should be used to assess operative success and for communication with patients.

scholarly journals Clinical Management of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3008
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lombardi ◽  
Valeria Barresi ◽  
Antonella Castellano ◽  
Emeline Tabouret ◽  
Francesco Pasqualetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Prognostic Stratification

Diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG) represent a heterogeneous group of primary brain tumors arising from supporting glial cells and usually affecting young adults. Advances in the knowledge of molecular profile of these tumors, including mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes, or 1p/19q codeletion, and in neuroradiological techniques have contributed to the diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and follow-up of these tumors. Optimal post-operative management of LGG is still controversial, though radiation therapy and chemotherapy remain the optimal treatments after surgical resection in selected patients. In this review, we report the most important and recent research on clinical and molecular features, new neuroradiological techniques, the different therapeutic modalities, and new opportunities for personalized targeted therapy and supportive care.

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