Modeling the effect of delay strategy on transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS disease

AbstractIn this manuscript, we investigate a nonlinear delayed model to study the dynamics of human-immunodeficiency-virus in the population. For analysis, we find the equilibria of a susceptible–infectious–immune system with a delay term. The well-established tools such as the Routh–Hurwitz criterion, Volterra–Lyapunov function, and Lasalle invariance principle are presented to investigate the stability of the model. The reproduction number and sensitivity of parameters are investigated. If the delay tactics are decreased, then the disease is endemic. On the other hand, if the delay tactics are increased then the disease is controlled in the population. The effect of the delay tactics with subpopulations is investigated. More precisely, all parameters are dependent on delay terms. In the end, to give the strength to a theoretical analysis of the model, a computer simulation is presented.

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Extensive Enteric Leiomyolysis Due to Cytomegalovirus Enterocolitis in Vertically Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Infants

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology ◽

10.1007/s100240010109 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 591-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Virpi V. Smith ◽

Amanda J. Williams ◽

Vas Novelli ◽

Marian Malone

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Vascular Endothelium ◽

Muscularis Propria ◽

The Other ◽

Muscularis Mucosae ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Viral Inclusions

We report two infants with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and rectal bleeding due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) ileitis and colitis with minimal focal mucosal ulceration but with extensive leiomyolysis of the muscularis propria. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization for CMV showed numerous viral inclusions in the myocytes of the muscularis propria and vascular endothelium/smooth muscle with only occasional inclusions present in the muscularis mucosae. Colectomy was curative in one patient; in the other the bowel was only examined at postmortem.

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Trypanosoma cruzi meningoencephalitis and myocarditis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651993000200014 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 205-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ademir Rocha ◽

Marcelo S. Ferreira ◽

Sergio A. Nishioka ◽

Marcos Silva ◽

Marcius K. N. Burgarelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

The Other ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Male Heterosexual

We report the case of a 52-year-old male heterosexual patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and reactivation of Chagas' disease manifested by meningoencephalitis and myocarditis, diagnosed post-mortem. Unexplained reactivation of Chagas' disease should be included among the diagnostic criteria of AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients. On the other hand, AIDS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained reactivation of Chagas' disease.

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Recent advances in understanding HIV evolution

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.10876.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 597 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sophie M. Andrews ◽

Sarah Rowland-Jones

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Immune System ◽

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Viral Diversity ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Generation Times ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Shed Light ◽

Hiv Evolution

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) evolves rapidly owing to the combined activity of error-prone reverse transcriptase, recombination, and short generation times, leading to extensive viral diversity both within and between hosts. This diversity is a major contributing factor in the failure of the immune system to eradicate the virus and has important implications for the development of suitable drugs and vaccines to combat infection. This review will discuss the recent technological advances that have shed light on HIV evolution and will summarise emerging concepts in this field.

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Development Model of Family Empowerment and Peer Group Support in Independence of Caring on Indonesian’s Migrant Worker (TKI) Infected by HIV

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v10i22015.265-271 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nursalam Nursalam ◽

Ah. Yusuf ◽

Ika Yuni Widyawati ◽

Candra Panji Asmoro

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Immune System ◽

Peer Support ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Peer Group ◽

Group Support ◽

Family Empowerment ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

The Family ◽

Work Abroad

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the immune system, destroying or damaging the function of cells of the immune system. This makes the immune system becomes weaker, and people become more liable to infection. A lot of new detected HIV transmission source comes from former workers who work abroad. The challenge in dealing the number of transmission performed comprehensive care of patients and their family empowerment and peer support groups. The aimed of this study was to develop the ability of a family of Indonesian Workers who are infected with HIV and Peer Support Group in independence of care. Methods: This study was used an explanatory design and quasy-experimental. Population in this study were the closest family who care for patients infected with HIV during work abroad as migrant workers in East Java. Samples were selected using simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was the peer group and family support, the dependent variable is the level of independence of care on the respondent. Data were collected using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability and results were tested using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with alpha ≤0.05. Results: The results showed that this method can improve the independence of the family of the HIV-infected client care during labor as migrant workers abroad with a significance value of p=0.004. Conclusion: Empowerment of family and peer group support can be used to increase the independence of families and patients in the treatment of HIV-infected patients during work abroad as migrant workers. Future studies are expected to use a larger sample.Keywords: empowerment of the family, peer group support, independence treatment, TKI (Indonesian Labor), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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Role of Vif in Stability of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.74.23.11055-11066.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 74 (23) ◽

pp. 11055-11066 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Åsa Öhagen ◽

Dana Gabuzda

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Virus Entry ◽

Wild Type ◽

The Core ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

The Stability ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The Vif protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is important for virion infectivity. Previous studies have shown thatvif-defective virions exhibit structural abnormalities in the virus core and are defective in the ability to complete proviral DNA synthesis in acutely infected cells. We developed novel assays to assess the relative stability of the core in HIV-1 virions. Using these assays, we examined the role of Vif in the stability of the HIV-1 core. The integrity of the core was examined following virion permeabilization or removal of the lipid envelope and treatment with various triggers, including S100 cytosol, deoxynucleoside triphosphates, detergents, NaCl, and buffers of different pH to mimic aspects of the uncoating and disassembly process which occurs after virus entry but preceding or during reverse transcription.vif mutant cores were more sensitive to disruption by all triggers tested than wild-type cores, as determined by endogenous reverse transcriptase (RT) assays, biochemical analyses, and electron microscopy. RT and the p7 nucleocapsid protein were released more readily from vif mutant virions than from wild-type virions, suggesting that the internal nucleocapsid is less stably packaged in the absence of Vif. Purified cores could be isolated from wild-type but not vif mutant virions by sedimentation through detergent-treated gradients. These results demonstrate that Vif increases the stability of virion cores. This may permit efficient viral DNA synthesis by preventing premature degradation or disassembly of viral nucleoprotein complexes during early events after virus entry.

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Activities of Atazanavir (BMS-232632) against a Large Panel of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clinical Isolates Resistant to One or More Approved Protease Inhibitors

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.47.4.1324-1333.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 1324-1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Richard J. Colonno ◽

Alexandra Thiry ◽

Kay Limoli ◽

Neil Parkin

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

The Other ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT To evaluate the cross-resistance profile of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor (PI) atazanavir (BMS-232632), a panel of 551 clinical isolates exhibiting a wide array of PI resistance profiles and a variety of genotypic patterns were assayed for susceptibility to atazanavir and six other PIs: amprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir. In general, reductions in atazanavir susceptibility in vitro required several amino acid changes and were relatively modest in degree, and susceptibility was retained among isolates resistant to one or two of the currently approved PIs. There was a clear trend toward loss of susceptibility to atazanavir, as isolates exhibited increasing levels of cross-resistance to multiple PIs. Atazanavir appeared to have a distinct resistance profile relative to each of the other six PIs tested based on susceptibility comparisons against this panel of resistant isolates. Analysis of the genotypic profiles of 943 PI-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates identified a strong correlation between the presence of amino acid changes at specific residues (10I/V/F, 20R/M/I, 24I, 33I/F/V, 36I/L/V, 46I/L, 48V, 54V/L, 63P, 71V/T/I, 73C/S/T/A, 82A/F/S/T, 84V, and 90M) and decreased susceptibility to atazanavir. While no single substitution or combination of substitutions was predictive of atazanavir resistance (change, >3.0-fold), the presence of at least five of these substitutions correlated strongly with loss of atazanavir susceptibility. Mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to each of the other six PIs were also determined.

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Mathematical Models for the Transmission Dynamics of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Ireland

European Consortium for Mathematics in Industry - Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Mathematics in Industry August 27–31, 1991 Limerick ◽

10.1007/978-3-663-09834-8_21 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 125-128

Author(s):

C. M. Comiskey

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Transmission Dynamics ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

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Screening for drugs of abuse: effect of heat-treating urine for safe handling of samples

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/36.6.908 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 908-910 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K Wolff ◽

M A Shanab ◽

M J Sanderson ◽

A W Hay

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Aids Virus ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Abused Drugs ◽

The Stability

Abstract Heating urine samples from high-risk patients for 1 h at 56 degrees C is no longer believed to completely inactivate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; AIDS virus). To protect staff who are handling infectious samples such as those from drug-addiction units, heating at a higher temperature may be necessary. We report the stability to heat treatment (at 60, 70, and 100 degrees C) at pH 5.1 and 7.6 of some commonly abused drugs, namely, methadone, pethidine, amphetamine, the cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine, and the dextropropoxyphene metabolite nordextropropoxyphene. Heat-treating urine at 60 degrees C for 1.5 h or 70 degrees C for 1 h did not significantly affect the measured concentrations of these drugs. However, heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 1 h reduced the recovery of all the drugs. Benzoylecgonine and amphetamine were most susceptible to the different forms of heat treatment.

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