scholarly journals Infections and antimicrobial resistance in intensive care units in lower-middle income countries: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Rosa Saharman ◽  
Anis Karuniawati ◽  
Juliëtte A. Severin ◽  
Henri A. Verbrugh
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Open Science ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Science Framework

Abstract Background Intensive care units (ICUs) in lower-middle income countries (LMICs) are suspected to constitute a special risk for patients of acquiring infection due to multiple antibiotic resistant organisms. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to present the data published on ICU-acquired infections and on antimicrobial resistance observed in ICUs in LMICs over a 13-year period. A systematic scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA extension guideline for scoping reviews and registered in the Open Science Framework. Main body of the abstract Articles were sought that reported on ICU-acquired infection in LMICs between 2005 and 2018. Two reviewers parallelly reviewed 1961 titles and abstracts retrieved from five data banks, found 274 eligible and finally included 51. Most LMICs had not produced reports in Q1 or Q2 journals in this period, constituting a large gap in knowledge. However, from the reported evidence it is clear that the rate of ICU-acquired infections was comparable, albeit approximately 10% higher, in LMICs compared to high income countries. In contrast, ICU mortality was much higher in LMICs (33.6%) than in high income countries (< 20%). Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative species, especially Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae played a much more dominant role in LMIC ICUs than in those in high income countries. However, interventions to improve this situation have been shown to be feasible and effective, even cost-effective. Conclusions Compared to high income countries the burden of ICU-acquired infection is higher in LMICs, as is the level of antimicrobial resistance; the pathogen distribution is also different. However, there is evidence that interventions are feasible and may be quite effective in these settings. Protocol Registration The protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/c8vjk)

scholarly journals Prehabilitation interventions for patient undergoing Primary Replacement Arthroplasty: Protocol for scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithi Jayaraman-Pillay ◽  
Verusia Chetty ◽  
Stacy Maddocks
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Replacement Arthroplasty ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
Science Framework

Abstract BackgroundOsteoarthritis ranks fifth among all forms of disability worldwide 1 and it is estimated that 30.8 million adults have osteoarthritis 2. Primary replacement arthroplasty is the surgical treatment of choice to decrease pain and improve quality of life in late-stage OA 5. The current situation in South Africa, which is a lower- and middle-income countries LMICs, is that the waiting lists for arthroplasty is extensive with steep costs involved in the management of these patients in public sector hospitals which serves most of the population 7. Physiotherapist can have an impact on this situation by implementing measures to reduce length of stay postoperatively in the hospital by prehabilitation (Prehab). Hence a need to conduct a scoping review to identify the trends in literature regarding the content as well as the gaps.MethodsThe methodology will involve a literature search as described by Arksey and O’Malley19. The scoping review methods will adopt the framework proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Literature searches will be conducted in the following electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar and peer-reviewed journal papers will be included based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies will be included to consider different aspects of measuring the effects of physical activity and exercise. Two reviewers will screen all citations and full-text articles and the main reviewer will abstract data, organize them into themes and sub-themes, summarize them, and report the results using a narrative synthesis. The study methodological quality will be appraised using a Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.DiscussionThe proposed scoping review will map the breadth of knowledge available on topic of Prehab interventions in patients scheduled to undergo joint arthroplasty in terms of exercise prescription principles and other ways to implement pre-operative optimisation. The scoping review is the first part of a study that aims to design a prehab program suitable for a resource constrained LMICs health care system wherein the demographic and physical characteristics of its health users are unique and independent to the context. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/9fdsh/

Overview of current legislation, experiences and existing scenarios on allowing the sale of tobacco products only in tobacco stores: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. e402101621884
Author(s):  
Lucas Manoel da Silva Cabral ◽  
Fernando Nagib Jardim ◽  
Maria José Domingues da Silva Giongo ◽  
Andréa Ramalho Reis Cardoso ◽  
Maria Raquel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Science Framework

This article presents the scoping review protocol on allowing the sale of tobacco products only in tobacco stores in Brazil. It is based on the hypothesis that limiting the sale of tobacco products only in tobacco shops would significantly prevent initiation and encourage cessation, thus reducing smoking prevalence and passive smoking in Brazil. The protocol aims to document the processes involved in the planning and methodological approach of an extensive scoping review, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute’s manual. The review protocol was prepared following PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. It was registered in the Open Science Framework.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity of chronic non-communicable diseases and its models of care in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e033320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fantu Abebe Eyowas ◽  
Marguerite Schneider ◽  
Biksegn Asrat Yirdaw ◽  
Fentie Ambaw Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionMultimorbidity is the coexistence of two or more chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a given individual. Multimorbidity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and challenging health systems. Individuals with multimorbidity are facing the risk of premature mortality, lower quality of life and greater use of healthcare services. However, despite the huge challenge multimorbidity brings in LMICs, gaps remain in mapping and synthesising the available knowledge on the issue. The focus of this scoping review will be to synthesise the extent, range and nature of studies on the epidemiology and models of multimorbidity care in LMICs.MethodsPubMed (MEDLINE) will be the main database to be searched. For articles that are not indexed in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases will be searched. Grey literature databases will also be explored. There will be no restrictions on study setting or year of publication. Articles will be searched using key terms, including comorbidity, co-morbidity, multimorbidity, multiple chronic conditions and model of care. Relevant articles will be screened by two independent reviewers and data will be charted accordingly. The result of this scoping review will be presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and reporting guideline.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethical approval. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.

scholarly journals Examining the double burden of malnutrition for preschool children and women of reproductive age in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e054673
Author(s):  
Jason Mulimba Were ◽  
Saverio Stranges ◽  
Ishor Sharma ◽  
Juan Camilo Vargas-Gonzalez ◽  
M. Karen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

IntroductionThe majority of the populations in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are encountering the double burden of malnutrition (DBM): the coexistence of both undernutrition and overnutrition sequalae. With DBM being a new phenomenon in research, little is known about its aetiology, operational definitions and risk factors influencing its manifestation. The proposed scoping review is aimed at mapping literature with regard to the DBM phenomenon among preschool children and women of reproductive age in LMICs who are among the most high-risk groups to encounter DBM.MethodsA comprehensive literature search will be conducted in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS and ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Global. Additionally, searches in other government and institutional sources (WHO website and university repositories) and forward and backward citation tracking of seminal articles will also be done. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract screening and full-text screening. Similarly, data extraction and coding will independently be done by two reviewers. Information extracted from included literature will be analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis approach and reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study because the review is based on literature from publicly available sources. The dissemination of our findings will be done through presentations in relevant conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

scholarly journals Incorporating and evaluating citizen engagement in health research: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmol Shahid ◽  
Brianna K. Rosgen ◽  
Karla D. Krewulak ◽  
Diane L. Lorenzetti ◽  
Nadine Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Citizen Engagement ◽  
Implementation Evaluation ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meaningful Engagement ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
Science Framework

Abstract Background Citizen engagement in research is an emerging practice that involves members of the general public in research processes such as priority setting, planning, decision-making, research conduct, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination. Engaging citizens in research, particularly health research, increases the relevance of study findings, minimizes waste by facilitating stewardship over resources, and builds public trust in the research. While several existing frameworks guide the application of citizen engagement principles to health research, it is unclear how citizen engagement can be utilized to maximize benefits and minimize risks and challenges in health research. To address the gaps in knowledge around citizen engagement in health research, we propose a scoping review to synthesize the state of knowledge on methods to incorporate and evaluate citizen engagement in research. A protocol is presented in this manuscript. Methods The methodology for our scoping review is guided by Arksey and O’ Malley’s framework for scoping reviews, and additional recommendations by Levac and colleagues. We will include peer-reviewed and gray literature that report on citizen engagement in health research (including biomedical, clinical, health systems and services, and social, cultural, environmental and population health) and report method(s) to conduct, measure, or evaluate citizen engagement. We will systematically search electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, JSTOR, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Science Direct) from inception onwards and search relevant organizations’ websites for additional studies, frameworks, and reports on citizen engagement. Title and abstract and full-text citations will be screened independently and in duplicate. Data will be extracted independently and in duplicate, including document characteristics, citizen engagement definitions and goals, and outcomes of citizen engagement (e.g., barriers, facilitators). Discussion This review will synthesize the definitions, goals, methods, outcomes, and significance of citizen engagement in health research, as well as any potential barriers, facilitators, and challenges outlined in existing literature. The findings will provide an evidence-based foundation for developing new or improved guidance for citizen engagement in health research. Overall, we anticipate that our scoping review will be a preliminary step to meaningful engagement of citizens in research and strengthen the relationship between the scientific community and the public through transparency and collaboration. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework https://osf.io/hzcbr.

scholarly journals Interventions to Mitigate COVID-19 Misinformation: Protocol for a Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Nathan Walter ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Kaveh Khoshnood ◽  
Joseph D Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Science Framework

Abstract Background: The duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic depends in a large part on individual and societal actions which is influenced by the quality and salience of the information to which they are exposed. Unfortunately, COVID-19 misinformation has proliferated. To date, no systematic efforts have been made to evaluate interventions that mitigate COVID-19-related misinformation. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill several of the gaps in the current knowledge of interventions that mitigate COVID-19-related misinformation.Methods: A scoping review focusing on interventions that mitigate COVID-19 misinformation will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Africa-Wide Information, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, Open Science Framework, governmental websites and preprint servers (e.g. EuropePMC, PsyArXiv, MedRxiv, JMIR Preprints). Study selection will conform to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2020 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g. frequencies) and qualitative (e.g. content and thematic analysis) methods.Discussion: Original research is urgently needed to design interventions to mitigate COVID-19 misinformation. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap.Systematic Review registrations: Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework (osf/io/etw9d).

scholarly journals Implementation of colorectal cancer screening interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e037520
Author(s):  
Désirée Schliemann ◽  
Nicholas Matovu ◽  
Kogila Ramanathan ◽  
Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre ◽  
Ciaran O'Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews

IntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) imposes a significant global burden of disease. CRC survival rates are much lower in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Screening tends to lead to an improvement in cancer detection and the uptake of available treatments and, in turn, to better chances of cancer survival. Most evidence on CRC screening interventions comes from high-income countries. The objective of this scoping review is to map the available literature on the implementation of CRC screening interventions in LMICs.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review according to the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar using a combination of terms such as “colorectal cancer”, “screening” and “low-middle-income countries”. Studies of CRC screening interventions/programmes conducted in the general adult population in LMICs as well as policy reviews (of interventions in LMICs) and commentaries on challenges and opportunities of delivering CRC screening in LMICs, published in the English language before February 2020 will be included in this review. The title and abstract screen will be conducted by one reviewer and two reviewers will screen full-texts and extract data from included papers, independently, into a data charting template that will include criteria from an adapted template for intervention description and replication checklist and implementation considerations. The presentation of the scoping review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews guidance.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical concerns. The results will be used to inform colorectal screening interventions in LMICs. We will publish the findings in a peer-reviewed journal and present them at relevant conferences.

scholarly journals High Burden of Bloodstream Infections Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance and Mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Pune, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Johnson ◽  
Matthew L Robinson ◽  
Uday C Rajput ◽  
Chhaya Valvi ◽  
Aarti Kinikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to newborns in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Methods We performed a prospective cohort study in 3 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Pune, India, to describe the epidemiology of neonatal bloodstream infections (BSIs). All neonates admitted to the NICU were enrolled. The primary outcome was BSI, defined as positive blood culture. Early-onset BSI was defined as BSI on day of life (DOL) 0–2 and late-onset BSI on DOL 3 or later. Results From 1 May 2017 until 30 April 2018, 4073 neonates were enrolled. Among at-risk neonates, 55 (1.6%) developed early-onset BSI and 176 (5.5%) developed late-onset BSI. The majority of BSIs were caused by gram-negative bacteria (GNB; 58%); among GNB, 61 (45%) were resistant to carbapenems. Klebsiella spp. (n = 53, 23%) were the most common cause of BSI. Compared with neonates without BSI, all-cause mortality was higher among neonates with early-onset BSI (31% vs 10%, P &lt; .001) and late-onset BSI (24% vs 7%, P &lt; .001). Non–low-birth-weight neonates with late-onset BSI had the greatest excess in mortality (22% vs 3%, P &lt; .001). Conclusions In our cohort, neonatal BSIs were most commonly caused by GNB, with a high prevalence of AMR, and were associated with high mortality, even in term neonates. Effective interventions are urgently needed to reduce the burden of BSI and death due to AMR GNB in hospitalized neonates in LMIC.

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