scholarly journals Identification of C9-C11 unsaturated aldehydes as prediction markers of growth and feed intake for non-ruminant animals fed oxidized soybean oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyao Yuan ◽  
Brian J. Kerr ◽  
Shelby M. Curry ◽  
Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Unsaturated Aldehydes ◽  
Ruminant Animals

scholarly journals PSVI-2 Identification of correlations between aldehyde profiles of thermally oxidized soybean oils and growth performance of broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
Jieyao Yuan ◽  
Brian Kerr ◽  
Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
Oxidized Oil ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
Pls Analysis ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Feeding oxidized oils can cause adverse effects on the growth performance of broilers, which have largely attributed to the presence of lipid oxidation products (LOP) in oxidized oils. This study was conducted to identify the potential correlations between growth performance and aldehyde profiles of differently-prepared thermally oxidized soybean oils. Seventy-seven broilers were randomly assigned to one of seven diets containing 7.5% fresh soybean oil or thermally oxidized soybean oil (OSO), including 1) 22.5°C, 0h; 2) 45°C, 336h; 3) 67.5°C, 168h; 4) 90°C, 84h; 5) 135°C, 42h; 6) 180°C, 21h; 7) 225°C, 10.5h, respectively. Broilers were provided ad libitum access to experimental diets for 28 days. Broilers body weight (BW) and feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed (GF) ratio. The aldehydes in these oils were determined by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The correlations between individual aldehydes and ADG, ADFI, or GF were examined by partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Feeding 135°C, 42h oxidized oil significantly decreased the ADG, ADFI, and GF value compared with other groups (p < 0.001). Among 17 aldehydes identified in thermally oxidized soybean oils, C9-C11 unsaturated alkenals, including 2-decenal, 2-undecenal, 2,4-nonadienal, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 2,4-decadienal, and 2,4-undecadienal, had better inverse correlations with growth performance than C5-C8 saturated alkanals in broilers, suggesting different toxic effects from these aldehydes.

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation on Milk Production, Digestibility, and Metabolism in Dairy Goats under Thermoneutral and Heat Stress Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Soufiane Hamzaoui ◽  
Gerardo Caja ◽  
Xavier Such ◽  
Elena Albanell ◽  
Ahmed A. K. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Protein Content

In a previous work, we observed that heat-stressed goats suffer reductions in milk yield and its contents of fat and protein. Supplementation with soybean oil (SBO) may be a useful strategy to enhance milk quality. In total, eight multiparous Murciano–Granadina dairy goats (42.8 ± 1.3 kg body weight; 99 ± 1 days of lactation) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods; 21 d each (14 d adaptation, 5 d for measurements and 2 d transition between periods). Goats were allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were no oil (CON) or 4% of soybean oil (SBO), and controlled thermal neutral (TN; 15 to 20 °C) or heat stress (HS; 12 h/d at 37 °C and 12 h/d at 30 °C) conditions. This resulted in four treatment combinations: TN-CON, TN-SBO, HS-CON, and HS-SBO. Compared to TN, HS goats experienced lower (p < 0.05) feed intake, body weight, N retention, milk yield, and milk protein and lactose contents. However, goats in HS conditions had greater (p < 0.05) digestibility coefficients (+5.1, +5.2, +4.6, +7.0, and +8.9 points for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, respectively) than TN goats. The response to SBO had the same magnitude in TN and HS conditions. Supplementation with SBO had no effects on feed intake, milk yield, or milk protein content. However, SBO supplementation increased (p < 0.05) blood non-esterified fatty acids by 50%, milk fat by 29%, and conjugated linoleic acid by 360%. In conclusion, feeding 4% SBO to dairy goats was a useful strategy to increase milk fat and conjugated linoleic acid without any negative effects on intake, milk yield, or milk protein content. These beneficial effects were obtained regardless goats were in TN or HS conditions.

scholarly journals Degree of Saturation and Free Fatty Acid Content of Fats Determine Dietary Preferences in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2437
Author(s):  
María Palomar ◽  
María Dolores Soler ◽  
Eugeni Roura ◽  
Roser Sala ◽  
Olga Piquer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Dietary Preferences

Behavioural and genetic evidence shows that the taste system is intimately related to the sensing of nutrients with consequences for poultry nutrition practices. A better understanding of how chickens may sense fat could provide the background for selecting feedstuffs used in poultry feeds. Acid oils have the potential to be economical and sustainable feedstuffs. These fat by-products from the edible oil refining industry possess a similar fatty acid composition to the crude oils but are richer in free fatty acids (FFA). An experiment was conducted to study the effect of FFA content and the unsaturated:saturated ratio (U:S) on dietary preferences in hens. Four fat sources were added to a basal diet at an inclusion rate of 6%, determining the experimental diets: soybean oil (SO; high U:S, 5% FFA); soybean acid oil (SA; high U:S, 50% FFA); palm oil (PO; low U:S, 5% FFA); and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD; low U:S, 50% FFA). The experimental diets were offered in a series of double-choice tests to forty-eight Lohmann Brown laying hens housed individually in cages. Each hen was offered the ten potential binary combinations of the four diets including each diet compared to itself (referred to as four control double-choices). Feed intake was measured for two hours twice a day after one hour of fasting. Consumption was analysed as a standard preference index (% of test diet intake in comparison with the total intake). Preference values were compared to the random choice value of 50% using the Student’s t-test. None of the four control comparisons differ significantly from 50% (p > 0.05), indicating that the changes in preference values observed in the other binary comparisons were related to the dietary changes associated to fat ingredients. Hens showed a feed preference for palm oil added diets over soybean oil diets (p < 0.05), with PO and PFAD being equally preferred (p < 0.05). However, in this trial the hens demonstrated a preference for SO (low %FFA) when offered in choice with SA (high %FFA) (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the degree of saturation plays an important role in dietary fat preferences: hens prefer predominantly saturated oils even when these are rich in FFA. Furthermore, when presented with a choice between predominantly unsaturated oils, hens prefer feed with a low %FFA. In conclusion, %FFA and the U:S ratio affected feed preferences in hens. The use of oils with greater preference values may give rise to greater feed palatability, enhancing feed intake at critical stages.

scholarly journals Dietary Soybean Oil Supplementation Affects Keel Bone Characters and Daily Feed Intake but Not Egg Production and Quality in Laying Hens Housed in Furnished Cages

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidong Wei ◽  
Lei Pan ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Bone Length

To evaluate dietary soybean oil supplementation on production performance, egg quality, and keel bone health in laying hens. Two hundred and four laying hens at 20 weeks of age (WOA) were distributed into 12 cages containing 17 birds each. Birds were either fed a commercial diet (control group, CON) or a diet supplemented with 3% of soybean oil (SO group). Experiments lasted 17 weeks. Body weight, daily feed intake, production performance and egg quality were measured at 25, 29, 33, and 37 WOA. Birds were subsequently assessed for keel bone status by palpation, and keel was excised to measure bone length, microstructure, bone mineral density (BMD), elements contents, and the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2α1), periostin (POSTN), and sclerostin (SOST). The results showed that dietary SO supplementation did not affect production performance and egg quality (P &gt; 0.05), but improved body weight of hens at 29 and 37 WOA (P &lt; 0.05), and decreased daily feed intake at 33 and 37 WOA (P &lt; 0.05). Incidence of keel bone damage (especially fracture) was higher in hens of SO group. Keel bone length in birds of SO group was significantly decreased compared to CON (P &lt; 0.05). Keel bone of supplemented hens showed increased trabecular separation at 29 WOA and higher levels of V, Mn, Fe, Se, and Ba at 33 WOA (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, decreased BMD, trabecular number and thickness were observed in keel bone of laying hens receiving supplementation at 29 and 37 WOA (P &lt; 0.05); decreased levels of Li, Ca, Hg, and TI at 33 WOA and trabecular thickness at 37 WOA (P &lt; 0.05) were also identified. mRNA levels of SOST and RANKL and the ratio of RANKL/OPG mRNA levels were increased in birds fed a SO-supplemented diet (P &lt; 0.05); COL2α1, OPG, and POSTN were downregulated at all sampling points (P &lt; 0.05). Taken together, results indicate that feeding laying hens a diet supplemented with soybean oil can decrease daily feed intake and impair keel bone health but not influence production performance and egg quality.

scholarly journals Replacement level of rubber seed cake for soybean meal on the growth of Japanese quail

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Nnadi ◽  
V. C. Simeon–Ahaotu ◽  
P. De los Ríos-Escalante ◽  
E. O. Ahaotu
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Inclusion Level

Abstract A four-week feeding trial on the simultaneous replacement of 0 to 50% of soybean meal and 0 to 100% of soybean oil on the growth performance, carcass composition and profitability was conducted using 45 randomly chosen one-week-old growing Japanese quail. The five experimental diets were; D0= Diet containing 20% soybean meal and 4% soybean oil (control diet), D1= Diet, where 12.5% of soybean meal and 25% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T2 = Diet, where 25% of soybean meal and 50% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T3 = Diet, where 37.5% of soybean meal and 75% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC; T4 = Diet, where 50% of soybean meal and 100% of soybean oil has been replaced by RSC. Results demonstrated that in raw rubber seed the proportion of kernel to hull is 64: 36. Proximate components of the boiled and sundried full fat rubber seed kernel (RS) were, moisture = 96.6%, ME = 5305 kcal / kg DM, CP = 17.6%, EE = 51.05%, CF = 8.5%, NFE = 18.25% and Ash = 4.6%. The body weights of the birds at 35 days of age in all dietary treatments were statistically similar. The feed intake of the quail among different dietary groups was varied significantly (p < 0.05) and there was a tendency of decreasing the feed intake at 25% and above inclusion level of RSC. The body weight gain and FCR were also statistically similar in all dietary groups. The feed cost and total production cost /kg BW of quail was also found to become steadily higher (p> 0.05) at higher RSC inclusion level. The muscle development was found to better at lower (%) RSC level, whereas the organs were enlarged at higher RSC inclusion. Results on the majority of the production parameters, and economics and carcass yield parameters suggested that the simultaneous replacement of maximum 50% soybean oil 25% soybean meal by processed RSC might be suggested, particularly, there will be a crisis in the availability of these two ingredients.

Current understanding of the role of the reticulum and reticulo-omasal orifice in the control of digesta passage from the ruminoreticulum of sheep and cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Okine ◽  
G. W. Mathison ◽  
M. Kaske ◽  
J. J. Kennelly ◽  
R. J. Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Pressure Changes

Simultaneous abolition of the motility of the ruminoreticulum (RR) and digesta passage from the RR by bilateral vagotomy indicate that the motility of the RR coordinated with quiescence of the reticulo-omasal orifice (ROO) are prerequisite for caudal movement of digesta from the RR and forestomach. Rate of passage is of importance in ruminant animals since it is related to maximal voluntary feed intake, extent of digestion of the diet, amount of protein which bypasses the rumen, efficiency of microbial growth, extent of methane loss, and susceptibility of animals to bloat. In a series of studies, we clarified the roles of frequency, pressure and duration of reticular contractions and the function of the ROO in controlling digesta flow from the rumen in response to changes in diets, environmental conditions and physiological status. Variability in amount of NDF and OM transferred per contraction suggests that frequency of reticular contraction is not the rate-limiting step in digesta passage from the rumen. This concept is supported by our finding that the relaxation of the ROO is not always coincidental with reticular electromyographic activity in solid meal-fed relative to milk fed sheep. The magnitude of reticular pressure may not precisely control digesta passage through the ROO as the amount of OM and NDF associated with each centimetre of pressure during contraction varies from 1.2 to 1.4 and from 0.9 to 2.5 g. On the other hand, the amount of OM and NDF passed per second of reticulum contraction varies only from 0.3 to 0.6 and from 0.2 to 0.3 g, respectively, in cattle. In addition, a 38% decrease in mean retention time of particulate matter in the rumen was associated with a 14% increase in duration of reticular contraction in cattle. Similarly, quiescence of the ROO increased from 2.9 to 3.3 s in sheep when feed intake increased from maintenance to twice maintenance. We suggest that duration of reticular contractions may be more closely related to digesta flow than is either frequency or pressure changes. We also suggest that the ruminant animal can influence reticular contraction characteristics and duration of the quiescence of the ROO in response to various stimuli and that reticular contractions are coordinated with other diet and physiological demands for optimal transfer efficiency of digesta from the RR. Key words: Digesta passage, reticular contractions, reticulo-omasal orifice, electromyographic activity

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