scholarly journals Quantifying the effects of post-surgery recovery time on the migration dynamics and survival rates in the wild of acoustically tagged Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar smolts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daniels ◽  
E. B. Brunsdon ◽  
G. Chaput ◽  
H. J. Dixon ◽  
H. Labadie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Post Surgery

Abstract Background The experimental effects of surgically implanting fish with acoustic transmitters are likely to have negative effects on survival and behaviour. Measuring the extent of these negative effects is important if we wish to extrapolate inferences from tagged animals to un-manipulated animals. In this study, we examine the effect of surgery and post-tagging recovery time on the survival and migration rate of acoustically tagged wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) smolts through freshwater, estuarine and ocean phases of migration. Four treatment groups were used: pre-smolt captured in the fall that overwintered in a hatchery and were tagged either 75 days prior to release (winter hatchery) or within 24 h prior to release (spring hatchery) and smolt captured during the spring smolt run, tagged 24 h prior to release and released during the day (day-released) or night (night-released). Results The spring hatchery treatment group served as a reference treatment group such that recovery time (comparison to winter hatchery treatment) and hatchery effects (comparison to day-released and night-released treatments) could both be discerned. The hatchery effect increased migration rate, whereas short recovery times and captivity in a hatchery negatively affected survival. These effects were most pronounced within the first 5 days and/or 48 km downstream post-release, however, the residual recovery time effects appeared to persist during the transition from the estuary into salt water. Conclusions Even with smolts originating from the wild and spending relatively little time within the hatchery environment, post-release survival was still negatively affected. Migration speed was faster for hatchery smolts, but is likely only due to their larger size. Recovery time effects were most prominent during the initial migration period in freshwater and again in the transition from the estuary to saltwater which may be due to added stress during these transitional zones. As surgery-related bias will likely never be completely removed from telemetry studies, it is important to quantify and account for these effects in situ when making inferences on the un-manipulated component of the population.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Post-surgery Recovery Time on the Migration Dynamics and Survival Rates in the Wild of Acoustically Tagged Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Smolts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Daniels ◽  
Eric B. Brunsdon ◽  
Gerald Chaput ◽  
Heather Dixon ◽  
Holly Labadie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Migration Dynamics

Abstract Background: The experimental effects of surgically implanting fish with acoustic transmitters is likely to have negative effects on survival and behavior. Measuring the extent of these negative effects is important if we wish to extrapolate inferences from tagged animals to unmanipulated animals. In this study, we examine the effect of surgery and post-tagging recovery time on the survival and migration rate of acoustically tagged wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) smolts through freshwater, estuarine and ocean phases of migration. Four treatment groups were used: pre-smolt captured in the fall that overwintered in a hatchery and were tagged either 75 days prior to release (winter hatchery) or within 24 hours prior to release (spring hatchery) and smolt captured during the spring smolt run, tagged 24 hours prior to release and released during the day (day-released) or night (night-released).Results: The spring hatchery treatment group served as a reference treatment group such that surgical (comparison to winter hatchery treatment) and hatchery effects (comparison to day-released and night-released treatments) could both be discerned. The hatchery effect increased migration rate whereas short recovery times and captivity in a hatchery negatively affected survival. These effects were most pronounced within the first 5 days and/or 48 km downstream post-release, however, the residual surgical effects appeared to persist during the transition from the estuary into salt water.Conclusions: Even with smolts originating from the wild and spending relatively little time within the hatchery environment, post-release survival was still negatively affected. Migration speed was faster for hatchery smolts but is likely only due to their larger size. Surgical effects were most prominent during the initial migration period in freshwater and again in the transition from the estuary to saltwater which may be due to added stress during these transitional zones. As surgery related bias will likely never be completely removed from telemetry studies it is important to quantify and account for these effects in situ when making inferences on the unmanipulated component of the population.

Estimated Escapement of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) for Maximum Smolt Production in Rivers of Different Productivity

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. K. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Game Fish ◽  
Space Requirements

Smolt production at different egg deposition densities is estimated from data on survival rates and space requirements of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reported in the literature. Average maximum production of smolts is estimated to be approximately 5/100 m2 for 2+ smolts, 2/100 m2 for 3+ smolts, and 1/100 m2 for 4+ smolts. Minimum egg depositions recommended for production of these numbers of smolts are 220/100 m2, 165–220/100 m2, and 80/100 m2 for each age of smolts, respectively. The escapement of adults required to produce these depositions must be estimated from observed average weights of returning females and a reported fecundity of Atlantic salmon between 1650 and 1760 eggs/kg of female. With the exception of Ungava rivers, average smolt age in any particular river can be estimated from the number of days per year on which water temperature reaches or exceeds 7 °C. Key words: fishery resources, fishery management, production (biological), escapement, survival, game fish, freshwater fish, rivers

scholarly journals Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt and early post-smolt migration and survival inferred from multi-year and multi-stock acoustic telemetry studies in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, northwest Atlantic

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Chaput ◽  
Jonathan Carr ◽  
Jason Daniels ◽  
Steve Tinker ◽  
Ian Jonsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Migration Dynamics

Abstract The migration dynamics and inter-annual variation in early at-sea survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts over 14 years of study are reported for four river populations located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada). Acoustically tagged smolts were monitored at three points along their migration from freshwater to the Labrador Sea, a migration extending more than 800 km at sea and a period of 2 months. A hierarchical state-space version of the Cormack–Jolly–Seber model was used to estimate apparent survival rates from incomplete acoustic detections at key points. There was a positive size-dependent probability of survival through the freshwater and estuary areas; the odds of survival of a 16 cm smolt were 1.5–1.7 times higher than for a 13.5 cm smolt, length at tagging. Length adjusted (centred to the mean fork length of smolts during the study of 14.6 cm) survivals through the estuary and nearshore waters were estimated to range between 67 and 90% for the two river populations migrating through Chaleur Bay in contrast to lower survival estimates of 28–82% for the two populations from the neighbouring Miramichi Bay. Across the 14 years of study, survival estimates varied without trend for the populations of Chaleur Bay, but declined for the populations migrating through Miramichi Bay. Survival through the Gulf of St. Lawrence was variable but generally high among years and rivers, ranging from 96% day−1 to 99% day−1. Long term, replicated studies at multiple sites using acoustically tagged smolts can provide empirical data to examine hypotheses of the location and timing of factors contributing to smolt and post-smolt mortality of salmon at sea.

Parr–Smolt Transformation of Yearling Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) at Several Rearing Temperatures

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1189-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Johnston ◽  
R. L. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Thermal Effluent ◽  
Thermal Regimes

Six different rearing conditions were used to study the effect of temperature on seasonal changes in growth, condition factor, body silvering, body moisture and lipid content, salinity tolerance, and gill Na–K-ATPase activities of laboratory and pond-reared yearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Growth during the winter was greatest at the highest rearing temperature (16 °C) whereas those under simulated natural conditions grew slowest. Increasing temperatures in the spring stimulated growth more than constant temperature. Based on increased salinity tolerance, elevated ATPase activity, and growth in salt water, smolt development proceeded at all temperatures up to 16 °C. More smolts were produced in the high thermal regimes resulting in the best growth and the largest proportion of fish reaching smolt size. Unlike some Pacific salmonids, Atlantic salmon develop smolt status at temperatures as high as 16 °C. Yearling smolts can be produced at elevated temperatures and the use of thermal effluents for this purpose is promising.Key words: smoltification, smolt criteria, salinity tolerance, ATPase activity, rearing temperatures, elevated thermal regimes, thermal effluent, Salmo salar

The Effect of Impoundment on the Population and Movement of Atlantic Salmon in Ellerslie Brook, Prince Edward Island

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Mature Male Parr

During autumn spates Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) commonly enter the small spring-fed streams of Prince Edward Island and spawn. Annual variations in freshwater discharge from Ellerslie Brook were found to determine the number of salmon and time of ascent. A pond formed on the brook created a habitat that exercised a strong retaining influence on the movements of spawners, kelts, parr, and migrating smolts. Smolts which stayed in the pond suffered heavy mortalities.Movements by sexually mature male parr, within and between fresh and salt water, occurred in the fall. Some parr remained in the estuary (0–27‰ salinity) throughout the year. The pond provided a habitat for parr.Smolt transformation at ages II and III occurred in the stream, pond, and estuary in the spring. Pond and stream smolts of the same age group were similar in size when they migrated.

scholarly journals Protective Immunization of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) against Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Infestation

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Haitham Tartor ◽  
Marius Karlsen ◽  
Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen ◽  
Adérito Luis Monjane ◽  
Charles McLean Press ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Vaccine Formulation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Salmon Lice ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses

Vaccination against salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is a means of control that averts the negative effects of chemical approaches. Here, we studied the immunogenicity and protective effect of a vaccine formulation (based on a salmon lice-gut recombinant protein [P33]) against Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation in Atlantic salmon in a laboratory-based trial. Our findings revealed that P33 vaccine can provide a measure of protection against immature and adult salmon lice infestation. This protection seemed to be vaccine dose-dependent, where higher doses resulted in lower parasitic infestation rates. We also provide immunological evidence confirming that P33-specific immune response can be triggered in Atlantic salmon after P33 vaccination, and that production of P33-specific antibodies in blood can be detected in vaccinated fish. The negative correlation between P33-specific IgM in salmon plasma and salmon lice numbers on vaccinated fish suggests that protection against lice can be mediated by the specific antibody in salmon plasma. The success of P33 vaccination in protecting salmon against lice confirms the possibility of employing the hematophagous nature of the parasite to deliver salmon-specific antibodies against lice-gut proteins.

scholarly journals Interannual changes in recruitment of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in the River Oir (Lower Normandy, France): relationships with spawners and in-stream habitat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Baglinière ◽  
Frédéric Marchand ◽  
Vincent Vauclin
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Population ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Since 1985, the dynamics of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in the River Oir, a spawning tributary of the River Sélune (Lower Normandy, France), have been studied from a data set of parr density and the number and the age structure of migrating fish (smolts and adults). Parr densities (1.5–17.4 per 100 m2) and smolt production (0.25–9.2 per 100 m2) varied considerably from year to year. Migrating juveniles were mainly 1 year old. Abundance of parr and smolts was strongly correlated with 0+ densities. Egg-to-smolt survival rates were highly variable year on year (0.044–1.07%). During the juvenile freshwater phase, mortality was highest between the egg and the 0+ stage (97.5–99.9%). The fluctuations in abundance of juvenile salmon appear to be linked to the number and distribution of spawners within the stream during spawning, and also to the amount of silt deposition on the spawning beds. As a result, mortality was highest during the under-gravel phase, and the mean survival rate from egg to smolt was much lower than in rivers less impacted by human activities. Therefore, during the study period, the low production of smolts during some years might lead to a low renewal rate of the salmon population.

Immersion during egg swelling results in rapid uptake of stable isotope markers in salmonid otoliths

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fletcher Warren-Myers ◽  
Tim Dempster ◽  
Per Gunnar Fjelldal ◽  
Tom Hansen ◽  
Stephen E. Swearer
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Identification Techniques

Determining the value of restocking wild fisheries with hatchery-reared fish requires the ability to identify and quantify the survival of hatchery fish after release. However, to obtain accurate estimates of survival rates, multiple fish identification techniques are often used, making the monitoring of restocking inefficient and costly. Here we test a new immersion marking method to determine its efficiency and cost effectiveness for marking millions of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Salmon eggs were marked during the egg swelling stage by immersing eggs in a solution containing seven enriched stable isotopes (134Ba, 135Ba, 136Ba, 137Ba, 86Sr, 87Sr, and 26Mg) for 2 h immediately after fertilisation. One hundred percent successful marks were detected in the otoliths of resulting larvae at a concentration of 1000 μg·L−1 for 136Ba and 100 μg·L−1 for 135Ba and 137Ba, with no detrimental effects on survival or health of egg and yolk sac larvae. We estimate that seven unique mark combinations can be made at a cost of $0.0001 to $0.0017 (US) per egg and conclude that marking via egg immersion is suitable for low cost, accurate marking of hatchery-reared salmonids destined for restocking purposes.

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