The stable component of maternal depressive symptoms predicts offspring emotional and behavioral symptoms: a 9-years longitudinal study

Abstract Background Maternal sub-threshold and non-clinical depression and its possible outcomes on offspring internalizing/externalizing symptoms has received growing attention in recent years because of its significant worldwide prevalence. Methods Through a Latent State-Trait Analysis approach (LST), this longitudinal study aimed to identify a stable component of non-clinical maternal depression across a temporal interval of 6 years (measured through the Symptom Check-List-90/R) and to determine the effect of this component on children’s emotional and behavioral functioning (measured through the Child Behaviour Check-List) at age 12 years. Results LST analysis showed that maternal depressive symptoms tended to remain stable within individuals across 6 years of observation strongly contributing to children’s internalizing/externalizing and dysregulation symptoms. Conclusions The current longitudinal analysis of maternal and child data revealed that a stable component of maternal depressive symptoms reliably predicted a wide range of child emotional and behavioral symptoms at 12 years of age.

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Anxiety and Depressive Symptom Trajectories in Adolescence and the Co-Occurring Development of Cognitive Biases: Evidence from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology ◽

10.1007/s10802-020-00694-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (12) ◽

pp. 1617-1633

Author(s):

Annabel Songco ◽

Charlotte Booth ◽

Olivia Spiegler ◽

Sam Parsons ◽

Elaine Fox

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Growth Mixture Modeling ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Memory Biases ◽

Psychological Variables ◽

Wide Range

Abstract The development of negative cognitive biases, together with symptoms of anxiety and depression, has yet to be investigated longitudinally. Using a three-wave design, the present study examined developmental trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the co-occurrence of cognitive biases, in a large normative sample of adolescents (N = 504). Data was drawn from the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study (CogBIAS-L-S), which assessed a wide range of psychological variables, including cognitive biases and self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, when adolescents were approximately 13, 14.5, and 16 years of age. The results showed that overall levels of anxiety were low and stable, while levels of depression were low but increased slightly at each wave. Growth mixture modeling identified four distinct developmental classes with regard to anxiety and depressive symptoms. Multiple group analysis further showed that class membership was related to the development of cognitive biases. The majority of the sample (75%) was characterised by ‘Low symptoms’ of anxiety and depression and showed low interpretation and memory biases for negative stimuli at each wave. A second class (11%) displayed ‘Decreasing anxiety symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation bias, but increasing memory bias. A third class (8%) displayed ‘Comorbid increasing symptoms’ and showed increasing interpretation and memory biases. While the fourth class (6%) displayed ‘Comorbid decreasing symptoms’ and showed decreasing interpretation and memory biases. This longitudinal study sheds light on healthy and psychopathological emotional development in adolescence and highlights cognitive mechanisms that may be useful targets for prevention and early interventions.

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The link between infant regulatory problems, temperament traits, maternal depressive symptoms and children’s psychopathological symptoms at age three: a longitudinal study in a German at-risk sample

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health ◽

10.1186/s13034-017-0148-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anna Sidor ◽

Cristina Fischer ◽

Manfred Cierpka

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Psychopathological Symptoms ◽

Temperament Traits ◽

Regulatory Problems

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A prospective longitudinal study of the impact of early postnatal vs. chronic maternal depressive symptoms on child development

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.05.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 484-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

A.-L. Sutter-Dallay ◽

L. Murray ◽

L. Dequae-Merchadou ◽

E. Glatigny-Dallay ◽

M.-L. Bourgeois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Child Development ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Postnatal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundFew studies of the effects of postnatal depression on child development have considered the chronicity of depressive symptoms. We investigated whether early postnatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) predicted child developmental outcome independently of later maternal depressive symptoms.MethodsIn a prospective, longitudinal study, mothers and children were followed-up from birth to 2 years; repeated measures of PNDS were made using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); child development was assessed using the Bayley Scales II. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to examine the association between 6 week PNDS, and child development, taking subsequent depressive symptoms into account.ResultsChildren of mothers with 6 week PNDS were significantly more likely than children of non-symptomatic mothers to have poor cognitive outcome; however, this association was reduced to trend level when adjusted for later maternal depressive symptoms.ConclusionEffects of early PNDS on infant development may be partly explained by subsequent depressive symptoms.

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Effect of gene, environment and maternal depressive symptoms on pre-adolescence behavior problems – a longitudinal study

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health ◽

10.1186/1753-2000-7-10 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sara Agnafors ◽

Erika Comasco ◽

Marie Bladh ◽

Gunilla Sydsjö ◽

Linda DeKeyser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Behavior Problems ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Gene Environment

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Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to children’s academic performance in adolescence: A 13‐year prospective‐longitudinal study

Child Development ◽

10.1111/cdev.13685 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Bechtiger ◽

Annekatrin Steinhoff ◽

Jessica M. Dollar ◽

Simone E. Halliday ◽

Susan P. Keane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Maternal depressive symptoms and infant temperament in the first year of life predict child behaviour at 3 years of age

10.31234/osf.io/j2de8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Silvia Rigato ◽

Sophia Charalambous ◽

Manuela Stets ◽

Karla Holmboe

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Conduct Problems ◽

Short Form ◽

Child Behaviour ◽

Infant Temperament ◽

First Year ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Child Conduct Problems ◽

Child Conduct ◽

First Year Of Life

Postnatal maternal depression is associated with negative developmental outcomes in infancy and childhood. In a longitudinal study, mothers (N=63) completed questionnaires about their own depressive symptoms and their child’s behaviour at four time-points during the first year postpartum and again at 3 years postpartum. Maternal depressive symptoms and infant temperament measured in the first year of life by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996) and the Infant Behavior Questionnaire – Revised, Very Short Form (Putnam et al., 2014), respectively, were related to child behaviour at 3 years of age as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997). Maternal depressive scores during infancy was associated with later child conduct problems, suggesting a long-term association between maternal mental health and the development of child behaviour. Temperament across the first year of life was also associated with behavioural outcomes at 3 years of age: whereas infant negative affect predicted child conduct problems, infant surgency was associated with hyperactivity, and, along with infant orienting/regulatory capacity, also with child prosocial behaviour. These findings highlight the need for identification of those mothers and infants who struggle in the first postnatal year and for early interventions that can support optimal child development.

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