scholarly journals Improving salinity tolerance in Salvia officinalis L. by foliar application of salicylic acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Es-sbihi ◽  
Zakaria Hazzoumi ◽  
Abderrahim Aasfar ◽  
Khalid Amrani Joutei
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Nacl Toxicity

Abstract Background Higher absorption and translocation of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) ions in plant tissue can lead to serious physiological and biochemical changes. However, salicylic acid (SA) is a natural signaling molecule responsible for the induction of environmental stress tolerance in plants. Spraying SA could provide protection against several types of stress such as salinity. This study aimed to show the influence of SA spraying (0.5 and 1 mM) on the damaging effects of NaCl toxicity (150 mM) in Salvia officinalis L. plants. Results The results showed that salinity strongly inhibited the growth of aerial and root parts and this inhibition was accompanied by a significant decrease in the production of chlorophyll pigments (by 63%). There was also a significant accumulation of Na, mainly in the roots. This accumulation of Na+ ions was accompanied by a decrease of calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. However, SA mainly at 0.5 mM, greatly improved plant growth, essential oils and chlorophyll pigments synthesis. Besides, SA led to a decrease in Na content and an improvement in Ca, K and P content in the leaves and roots. Salt stress decreased the essential oil yield from 1.2% (control) to 0.4% (NaCl). Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils exhibited that the 1,8-cineol, α-thujone, and camphor were identified as the main components of essential oils under all treatments. However, we noted in stressed plant treated or not with SA the appearance of the new majority compound thujanone. Salt stress decreased the major compounds content. SA spray under stress condition increased the content of major compounds compared to stressed plants untreated with SA. The histological study in scanning electron microscopy showed the peltate glands density decreased strongly under NaCl toxicity. However, SA application on stressed plants increased peltate glands density. On the other hand, the glands of stressed plants often show certain anomalies in the morphology: the first anomaly observed was the presence of glandular structures characterized by deformations in the form of small protuberances located on the head of the gland. The second, a less common abnormality is the morphological change in certain glands that change from a spherical to an ovoid shape. On another hand, all these anomalies were not detected in stressed plants sprayed with SA. Therefore, the absence of these anomalies under the effect of SA showed the repairing effect of this growth regulator. Conclusion The findings of the present work suggest that spraying of SA may be useful for improving the plant growth in NaCl-contaminated areas.

Foliar application effects of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrab Yadegari
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
And Control

Abstract Aim In this research, the effects of two elicitors [jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA)] on the accumulation of essential oils in the seed cultures of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) were studied. Materials and methods This research was conducted at the research field of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord branch located at 50°56/E longitude, 32°18/N latitude during 2015 and 2016. The study area was classified as semi cold with an average temperature of 11.5°C and semi-arid with 329.9 mm of average rainfall. Seeds of sage were planted under field conditions. The following treatments were applied after the plants had four leaves: water, acetone, JA (0.1051, 0.2102, 0.4204, 0.8408 g/L), SA (0.0138, 0.138, 0.276, 0.552 g/L) and control. Results Twenty-seven essential oils were obtained and the most notable were: α-pinene, limonene, β-pinene, camphor, thymol, camphene, thujone-trans, thujone-cis, 1,8-cineole, borneol, borneol acetate, carvacrol, α-humulene, caryophyllene. JA was more effective in stimulating the accumulation of α-pinene, limonene, β-pinene, camphor, thymol, camphene, thujone-trans, thujone-cis, 1,8-cineole, borneol, borneol acetate, carvacrol, α-humulene and caryophyllene. Conclusion JA and SA had increasing effects on essential oils. The best treatments were found to be JA 0.1051 g/L, JA 0.2102 g/L and SA 0.138 g/L.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Salinized Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) Plants to Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Reda E. Abdelhameed ◽  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽  
Rania S. Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
The Impact

Considering the detrimental effects of salt stress on the physiological mechanisms of plants in terms of growth, development and productivity, intensive efforts are underway to improve plant tolerance to salinity. Hence, an experiment was conducted to assess the impact of the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA; 0.5 mM) on the physiological traits of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) plants grown under three salt concentrations (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl). An increase in salt concentration generated a decrease in the chlorophyll content index (CCI); however, the foliar application of SA boosted the CCI. The malondialdehyde content increased in salt-stressed fenugreek plants, while a reduction in content was observed with SA. Likewise, SA application induced an accumulation of proline, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, further increases in total free amino acids and shikimic acid were observed with the foliar application of SA, in either control or salt-treated plants. Similar results were obtained for ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase with SA application. Hence, we concluded that the foliar application of SA ameliorates salinity, and it is a growth regulator that improves the tolerance of fenugreek plants under salt stress.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez ◽  
María Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

scholarly journals Constituents and Anthelmintic Activity Evaluation of Albizia Adiantifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright Essential Oils FromNigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinsola Akande ◽  
Sherifat Aboaba ◽  
Guido Flamini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Significant Difference

Albizia adiantifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright (Fabaceae) is a plant used traditionally in treating different health ailments which includes worm infections. The essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation in an all glass Clevenger apparatus, and characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). In vitro petri-dish anthelmintic activity was carried out using adult earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. The leaves, stem bark and root bark EOs afforded a total of 40, 26 and 20 constituents representing 90.9%, 94.1% and 90.9% of the total oil fractions respectively. The classes of compounds identified in the leaves, stem bark and root bark are oxygenated monoterpenes (4.1%, 1.7% and 4.0% respectively), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (39.5%, 67.3% and 42.6% respectively), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (18.7%, 22.3% and 30.1% respectively), non-terpene derivatives (12.1%, 2.6% and 14.2% respectively) and apocarotenoids (16.5% and 0.2% in the leaves and stem-bark). β-caryophyllene (23.0%), E-geranylacetone (7.4%), acorenone (6.4%), viridiflorol (6.4%), α-zingiberene (6.3%) and ar-curcumene (4.6%) were the major constituents in the leaves oil, β-caryophyllene (39.3%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (10.4%), α-zingiberene (9.6%), ar-curcumene (7.2%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4%) and α-humulene (5.6%) were the major constituents in the stem bark oil, while β-caryophyllene (32.1%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (13.1%), caryophyllene oxide (8.4%), pentadecanal (6.1%) and α -humulene (4.4%) were the major constituents in the root bark oil. β -caryophyllene dominated the oils. The leaf EO was the most active against E. eugeniae worm. All the oils showed a relatively higher activity compared to Albendazole, in a concentration dependent manner. There was significant difference (p<0.001) in activity.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Are Essential for Systemic Resistance Against Tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhu ◽  
De-Hui Xi ◽  
Shu Yuan ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Da-Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Resistance Response

Systemic resistance is induced by pathogens and confers protection against a broad range of pathogens. Recent studies have indicated that salicylic acid (SA) derivative methyl salicylate (MeSA) serves as a long-distance phloem-mobile systemic resistance signal in tobacco, Arabidopsis, and potato. However, other experiments indicate that jasmonic acid (JA) is a critical mobile signal. Here, we present evidence suggesting both MeSA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are essential for systemic resistance against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), possibly acting as the initiating signals for systemic resistance. Foliar application of JA followed by SA triggered the strongest systemic resistance against TMV. Furthermore, we use a virus-induced gene-silencing–based genetics approach to investigate the function of JA and SA biosynthesis or signaling genes in systemic response against TMV infection. Silencing of SA or JA biosynthetic and signaling genes in Nicotiana benthamiana plants increased susceptibility to TMV. Genetic experiments also proved the irreplaceable roles of MeSA and MeJA in systemic resistance response. Systemic resistance was compromised when SA methyl transferase or JA carboxyl methyltransferase, which are required for MeSA and MeJA formation, respectively, were silenced. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that JA and MeJA accumulated in phloem exudates of leaves at early stages and SA and MeSA accumulated at later stages, after TMV infection. Our data also indicated that JA and MeJA could regulate MeSA and SA production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that (Me)JA and (Me)SA are required for systemic resistance response against TMV.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid pre-treatment induced physiological and biochemical changes in Solanum lycopersicum L. under salinity stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10917
Author(s):  
Venu SREELAKSHMY ◽  
Gunasekar ANBARASI ◽  
Benaltraja VISHNUPRIYA
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Pre Treatment

Agricultural crop production around the world is adversely affected by excess salt accumulation in the soil. Plants initiate broad range of signal transduction pathways to respond any stress. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous plant growth regulator that acts as a signal molecule to modulate plant response by reducing the effects of abiotic stress on plants. The main objective of this study is to examine whether exogenous salicylic acid pre-treatment may reduce the adverse effects of salt stress and enhance salt tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum. For this experiment, two weeks old seedlings were subjected to salt stress by adding salt water (100 mM NaCl) for three days with or without salicylic acid pre-treatment. After salt stress exposure plant leaves were harvested and the various measures were recorded. Results of this study exhibited that salicylic acid pre-treatment mitigates various advers effects of salt stress on plant growth by stimulating plant biomass, water relations, protein content, chlorophyll pigment, and inorganic osmolytes accumulation. Simultaneously, an increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes of SOD, CAT and POX were also triggered.  This current study suggested that pre-treating of Solanum lycopersicum with salicylic acid attenuates the depressive effect of salinity by accelerating the osmolyte accumulation and triggering activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.

scholarly journals Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Essential Oil Salvia Officinalis in Sudan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna yousif Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Ali Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Alpha Pinene

Abstract: In this study the essential oils of Salvia officinalis growing in Sudan, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas chromatography mass spectrometer, forty tow compounds were identified. The essential oil composition of S.officinalis found that it had many important compounds. The detected main compounds were oxygenated monoterpenes followed monohydrocarbone, squiterpenes and other compounds. The main essential oil constituents were &alpha;-terpineol (33.07%), camphor (11.57%), &alpha;-pinene (8.96%) camphene (5.09%) &beta;-cymen (5.40 %) caryphyllene (3.76%) &beta;-myrcene (3.65%) &beta;-menth1-en-b-ol (3.45%) bomeol (3.38%) &beta;-pinene (2.74%) Epiglobulol (2.59%) 1,8 Cineol (2.24%) and trans-&beta;- terpinyl butanone(2.00% ).

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