scholarly journals Assessment of the Growth and Reproductive Performance of Cloned Pietrain Boars

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Junsong Shi ◽  
Baohua Tan ◽  
Lvhua Luo ◽  
Zicong Li ◽  
Linjun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
F1 Progeny

How to maximize the use of the genetic merits of the high-ranking boars (also called superior ones) is a considerable question in the pig breeding industry, considering the money and time spent on selection. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is one of the potential ways to answer the question, which can be applied to produce clones with genetic resources of superior boar for the production of commercial pigs. For practical application, it is essential to investigate whether the clones and their progeny keep behaving better than the “normal boars”, considering that in vitro culture and transfer manipulation would cause a series of harmful effects to the development of clones. In this study, 59,061 cloned embryos were transferred into 250 recipient sows to produce the clones of superior Pietrain boars. The growth performance of 12 clones and 36 non-clones and the semen quality of 19 clones and 28 non-clones were compared. The reproductive performance of 21 clones and 25 non-clones were also tested. Furthermore, we made a comparison in the growth performance between 466 progeny of the clones and 822 progeny of the non-clones. Our results showed that no significant difference in semen quality and reproductive performance was observed between the clones and the non-clones, although the clones grew slower and exhibited smaller body size than the non-clones. The F1 progeny of the clones showed a greater growth rate than the non-clones. Our results demonstrated through the large animal population showed that SCNT manipulation resulted in a low growth rate and small body size, but the clones could normally produce F1 progeny with excellent growth traits to bring more economic benefits. Therefore, SCNT could be effective in enlarging the merit genetics of the superior boars and increasing the economic benefits in pig reproduction and breeding.

Reproductive performance in a phyletic dwarf, the spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Mithracidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Joshua T Fields ◽  
Hayden K Mullen ◽  
Clayr M Kroenke ◽  
Kyla A Salomon ◽  
Abby J Craft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Body Sizes

Abstract The spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836), a phyletic dwarf, was used to test predictions regarding reproductive performance in small marine invertebrates. Considering the disproportional increase in brooding costs and the allometry of egg production with increasing body size, it was expected that this minute-size species would produce large broods compared to closely related species that attain much larger body sizes. Fecundity in P. pygmaeus females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 17 and 172 eggs crab–1 (mean ± SD = 87.97 ± 48.39) and between 13 and 159 eggs crab–1 (55.04 ± 40.29). Females did not experience brood loss during egg development. Egg volume in females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 0.13 and 0.40 mm3 (0.22 ± 0.07) and between 0.15 and 0.42 mm3 (0.26 ± 0.06 mm3). Reproductive output (RO) varied between 0.91 and 8.73% (3.81 ± 2.17%) of female dry body weight. The RO of P. pygmaeus was lower than that reported for closely related species with larger body sizes. The slope (b = 0.95 ± 0.15) of the line describing the relationship between brood and parental female dry weight was not statistically significant from unity. Overall, our results disagree with the notion that the allometry of gamete production and increased physiological costs with increased brood size explain the association between brooding and small body size in marine invertebrates. Comparative studies on the reproductive investment of brooding species belonging to monophyletic clades with extensive differences in body size are warranted to further our understanding about disparity in egg production in brooding marine invertebrates.

scholarly journals Production of common carp donor-derived offspring from goldfish surrogate broodstock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Franěk ◽  
Vojtěch Kašpar ◽  
David Gela ◽  
Martin Pšenička
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Testicular Cells

AbstractBackgroundCommon carp is the fourth most-produced species in worldwide aquaculture. Significant efforts are invested in breeding and preservation of genetic integrity of this important species. However, maintaining carp gene bank in situ can be considered as demanding due to its big body size. Recent progress in reproductive biotechnologies in fish allows improving some unfavourable characteristics of a target species using surrogate reproduction. Germ stem cells (gamete precursors) from one species are transplanted into different surrogate species with small body size. After maturation, surrogates are producing donor-derived progeny. Efficient protocols for cryopreservation of carp male and female germ stem cells have been developed lately. Thus, the next logical goal was to assess the potential of goldfish surrogate to produce donor-derived gametes of common carp after intraperitoneal transplantation of testicular cells.ResultsHigh transplantation success was achieved when 44% of the surviving goldfish produced pure donor-derived gametes of common carp. More importantly, both viable eggs and sperm giving rise to pure common carp progeny were produced, witnessing sustainability of the presented method. Donor-derived identity of the offspring was confirmed by genotyping and typical phenotype corresponding to the donor species. Reproductive performance of chimeras was similar to goldfish controls. Assessment of gamete characteristics showed that the size of donor-derived eggs is between control carp and goldfish eggs. Interestingly, flagellum length in donor-derived spermatozoa was comparable to common carp flagellum and significantly shorter than goldfish flagellum.ConclusionsIn this study, we succeeded in the production of pure common carp progeny from surrogate goldfish recipients transplanted intraperitoneally by testicular germ cells. Here we reported production of viable eggs between most distant species up to date. Good reproductive performance of goldfish germline chimeras gives a promising prospect for further analysis about the long-term reproductive performance of surrogates, recovery of cryopreserved germ cells or production of monosex stocks. Presented technology is ready to ease needs for carp breeds preservation and their recovery using many times smaller goldfish surrogates.

scholarly journals The efficiency of food utilization, digestibility of foodstuffs and energy expenditure of mice selected for large or small body size

1962 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Body Activity

The efficiency of food utilization, the digestibility of foodstuffs, energy metabolism, and body activity have been studied in three lines of mice, one selected for large, another for small body size, and a third, control, line.The gross efficiency of food utilization was highest in the large line, intermediate in the control line and lowest in the small line between 21 and approximately 35 days of age. During this period, gross efficiency declined in the large and control lines with increasing size and decreasing growth-rate, presumably due to an increase in maintenance costs in comparison with the weight gained. In the small line, the efficiency of food utilization increased up to 35 days of age but declined thereafter. The energetic efficiency (measured in Calories) was higher in the large than in the small line up to 4 weeks of age, i.e. when the growth-rate was high, and after 6 weeks of age, when fat was being deposited at an increased rate.The increased efficiency of large mice was not entirely associated with a greater proportion of the ingested food being absorbed from the gut. Large mice absorbed a greater proportion of protein, though the difference was not sufficient to account for the large weight difference between the large and small lines.The energy expenditure of mice of the large line was greater than that of the small line at all ages and similar for the same body weights. The reduced growth-rate of small mice was not due to abnormally high or low energy costs. There was no evidence that body activity determined or restricted the rate of growth in either line.Mice selected for small size were phenotypically unlike pituitary dwarf mice, although the low nitrogen retention during the growing-period indicated a deficiency of some growth stimulus.

scholarly journals Effects on growth performance, faecal microflora and plasma cholesterol after supplementation of spray-dried metabolite to postweaning rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Loh ◽  
S.W. Chong ◽  
H.L. Foo ◽  
F.L. Law
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spray Dried

A study was conducted to study the effects of feeding a spray-dried metabolite (SDM) produced by <i>Lb. Plantarum</i> I-UL4 in the diets of postweaning rats on growth performance, faecal pH, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> bacterial and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in the faeces and on plasma cholesterol concentrations. A total of 15 female 4-weeks-old <i>Sprague dawley</i> rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups of diets: basal diet (control), 0.25% SDM and 0.5% SDM diets. Daily feed intake, daily growth rate, blood plasma for total cholesterol concentration and faecal <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and LAB were measured. The growth rate, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and pH were not significantly different (<i>P</i> > 0.05) among all the treatment groups. The faecal <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> counts in the 0.25% and 0.5% groups were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) lower than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in the LAB counts among all the treatment groups. The plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) following the feeding of the metabolite. The control had the highest concentration of cholesterol. However, the 0.5% SDM group had the lowest plasma cholesterol concentration, followed by the 0.25% SDM group.

scholarly journals Enhancement of growth performance and hematological changes in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) alevins fed with Bifidobacterium bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Sahandi ◽  
Hojatollah Jafaryan ◽  
Mehdi Soltani ◽  
Pouneh Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hematological Changes

The study of probiotic application as an important rearing strategy was started more than 30 years ago and most of these studies were carried out to increase growth and survival of larvae. Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis PTTC-1631 and B. lactis PTTC-1736 as probiotic supplement has been studied on growth performance and hematological changes on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss alevins with initial body weight of 0.583 ± 0.197 g. The commercial diet was supplemented with graded levels of probiotics (1×107, 2×107 and 3×107 CFU g-1 dry feed) to obtain 3 sets of experimental diets (T1, T2, andT3 respectively) and fed four times a day for 60 days. T1 alevin showed the best growth performance in terms of specific growth rate, weight gain, metabolic growth rate, feed conversion ratio and survival rate. The highest red and white blood cell concentrations were noticed in fish fed T2 and T3 diets, respectively, no significant difference was observed in hemoglobin content. T1 showed the significant elevation of serum biochemical parameters and reduction of cortisol level. The results of present study might suggest likely positive effects of probiotic supplements with concentration of 1×107 CFU g-1 dry feed on growth and hematology on rainbow trout alevins.

A skeletochronological estimation of age structure of a population of the paddy frog, Fejervarya multistriata, from the central east of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Lixia Zhang ◽  
Yongsun Sheng ◽  
Xiangyu Yuan ◽  
Xueting Zhong ◽  
Xiaohong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Abstract Age determination is crucial for a full understanding of population dynamics. In this context, we studied the age structure of the paddy frog, Fejervarya multistriata, in a population from the central east of China, using a skeletochronological method. The lines of arrested growth in the phalanges were distinct, and each line was assumed to represent one year of age. Ages ranged between one and four years for adult males and two and four years for adult females. No significant difference was observed in the mean adult age between the sexes. In addition, a significant relationship between age and body size within each sex was detected. Results of ANCOVA analysis suggested a significant difference in body size between sexes when the effect of age was removed. The von-Bertalanffy model showed that females had a larger asymptotic body size than males, and the growth rate of females was higher than that of males. Therefore, the growth rate is a major factor underlying body size patterns in both sexes of F. multistriata in the study population.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF RED TILAPIA IN ZEOLITE SUPPLEMENTED CLOSED SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Ku Boon Hong ◽  
Musfiroh Jani ◽  
Rabiatul Adawiyah Meor Mohamad Zain ◽  
Norashikin Mohd Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
World Population ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Gain

Food demand is expected to surge due to the increase of world population. Malaysia is one of the top fish consumption countries in Asia, but the reduction of capture fishery has led to the increase for aquaculture for tilapia to overcome the demand. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the growth performance of red tilapia at different stocking densities of zeolite supplemented closed system. Red tilapia fry was stocked into aquarium. Five treatments (containing zeolite and without zeolite) with two replicates were used. Food was given twice a day with 2% of total biomass of the fish. Weight and length of red tilapia were measured every two weeks. The zeolite treatments which recorded the highest final mean weight was T1 with the lowest stocking density (5 fish) while in T5 (highest stocking density), lowest mean weight was recorded. Specific growth rate and length gain in T1 was significantly higher than other treatments. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in growth parameters between the treatments with and without zeolite. The results revealed that red tilapia stocked in the T1 of the lowest stocking density (5 fish) had the highest growth performance than the fish in other treatments. Compared to other treatments, T1 recorded the highest final length and weight, weight and length gain, Specific Growth Rate % (SGR) among the treatments. The findings will be useful for the practitioners to understand the best practice for stocking density in zeolite supplemented closed system.

scholarly journals Biological and Health impact of Astaxanthin powders in common carp Cyprinus

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Avan Aladin Sadraddin ◽  
Bakhan Rafiq Hassan ◽  
Shaima Saleh Mahmood ◽  
Nasreen MohiAlddin ◽  
Raber Mahmud Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

The effect of astaxanthin powders on biological, health and growth parameter of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. Fish weight varied between (59.2 –66.4gm)were studied for 10 weeks. four treatments(three replicates/treatment) were employed as follows: T1: Diet without any addition, T2: adding 2.5 gm astaxanthin powders / kg diet, T3: adding 5 gm astaxanthin powders / kg diet, T4: adding 7.5gm astaxanthin powders / kg diet. Twice daily feeding at 9:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. should be considered that the feeding rate of biomass weight after each took biometrics. Finally, blood samples were taken from the caudal vein of fish. The results showed no significant difference between treatments in terms of biological parameter (p>0.05). The results showed significant difference between treatments in terms of body indices, including Gonadosomatic, but no significant difference (p>0.05) Hepatosomatic, Spleenosomaticindex and Gill index. The results showed a significant difference between treatments in terms of growth performance (p<0.05), including weight gain, Relative growth rate and Specific growth rate. Group results of blood factors showed that between Granulocytes, Lymphocytes and Monocytes there was no significant difference between treatments (p>0.05). Lastly, we found that diets containing higher levels of Astaxanthin powders improve the growth performance, biological and GSI in common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

Effect of premating shearing on reproductive performance in ewe lambs after oestrus synchronization

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
J. V. O'Doherty ◽  
T. F. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lamb Growth

SUMMARYOne hundred and fifty-four, March-born, lowland ewe lambs, on the Lyons Estate farm, were allocated to a 2×2 factorial experiment. In September 1987, half were shorn and 1 month later the lambs were treated with intravaginal sponges, containing either 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate or 40 mg fluorogestone acetate, for 12 days. Following sponge removal, ewes were mated to fertile rams at a ram: ewe ratio of 1:6. There was no significant difference in reproductive performance between the two progestagen treatments (P > 0·05). Premating shearing increased (P < 0·01) conception rate and reduced the percentage of barren ewes (P < 0·01) but there was no effect on litter size. Time of gestation following shearing was increased (P < 0·01) by 1·24 days. Lamb growth rate up to weaning was not affected by the shearing treatment. The results of this trial indicate positive advantages of premating shearing of ewe lambs.

THYROID ACTIVITY IN LINES OF MICE SELECTED FOR LARGE AND SMALL BODY WEIGHT

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Synenki ◽  
E. J. Eisen ◽  
G. Matrone ◽  
O. W. Robison
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Maturation Rate

Thyroid activity was measured at 21, 31 and 42 days of age in lines of mice selected for large (H6) and small (L6) 6-week body weight and an unselected control (C2). Mean %181I uptake/(body weight).75was greatest at 21 days (weaning) and decreased exponentially thereafter with females generally having higher values than males. The L6line had a significantly (P < 0.01) higher %131I uptake/(body weight).75than H6at 31 and 42 days. For %131I uptake, disregarding body size, the H6line was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than C2, but the L6and C2, lines did not differ. Mean %131I turnover/day/(body weight).75showed results similar to %131I uptake per unit metabolic body size. However, when body size was not considered, %131I turnover in the L6line was slightly higher than H6at 31 and 42 days of age. Rate of maturation, as measured by age at opening of eyes and vagina and appearance of external ears, coat hair and nipples, was significantly (P < 0.01) more rapid in the H6line compared to L6. Within lines the correlation between growth rate and maturation rate was positive. These data suggest that there is a small positive genetic correlation between body weight at six weeks of age and thyroid activity in mice.

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