scholarly journals Motor vehicle crashes on tribal reservations: mapping and statistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan M. Vandjelovic ◽  
Darcy Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Alaska Native ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crash Types

Abstract Background Motor vehicle crashes (MVC’s) in the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities account for 43% of unintentional injury deaths. This article introduces MVC data and geographic information system (GIS) mapping for tribal reservations. Methods Utilizing a sample of Montana Department of Transportation (DOT) data for the Flathead reservations to calculate frequencies and proportions of crash types (i.e., property damage or no-injury, injury, fatality or unknown), while also mapping these data to provide a cross-sectional snapshot of MVC’s. Results Overall, 515 MVC’s occurred for years 2016 through 2018, with no-injury, injury, and fatality accounting for 72.2%, 24.9% and 1.8% of all crashes, respectively, with the number of MVC’s ranging up to 30 per square mile. Conclusion Examining DOT data and utilizing it for visual representation of MVC’s can be used as an additional source in uncovering patterns and trends on Tribal reservations and supporting MVC prevention efforts.

634 Impact of Changing School Start Times on Drowsy Driving and Teen Motor Vehicle Crashes: A Longitudinal Examination

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A248-A249
Author(s):  
Lisa Meltzer ◽  
Sarah Rizvi ◽  
Julie Chapman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Drowsy Driving ◽  
Crash Rates ◽  
Adolescent Sleep ◽  
School Start Times

Abstract Introduction Early high school start times are associated with insufficient adolescent sleep, which in turn is associated with motor vehicle crashes [MVC]. This analysis examined the impact of a 70-minute delay in high school start times on student-reported drowsy driving and department of transportation MVC rates before and for 2 years after start time changes. Methods Self-reported sleep duration and drowsy driving data were drawn from a longitudinal study of changing high school start times (n=2099–4092/year) in the Cherry Creek School District (Arapahoe County [AC]). The Colorado Department of Transportation provided frequency/timing of weekday MVC data for teen (16–18 years) and adult drivers in AC and four neighboring counties in metro Denver (Other Counties [OC]). MVC rates per 1000 licensed drivers were calculated. Outcomes are reported for three school years: 2016–17 (pre-change), 2017–18 (post change), and 2018–19 (follow-up). Chi-square analyses examined drowsy driving frequency (at least once/week vs. less than once/week) by sufficient weeknight sleep duration (<8 hours vs. 8+ hours). Two-proportion z-tests compared MVC rates by county, as well as teens vs. adults. Results Compared to pre-change (29.3%), fewer students reported drowsy driving at post-change (20.3%) and follow-up (23.7%). Students who reported insufficient sleep also reported more frequent drowsy driving across all years (p’s<0.001 to 0.037). AC’s teen crash rate decreased from 78.9/1000 to 76.6/1000 post-change, with a further reduction to 68.7/1000 at follow-up. Pre-change crash rates did not differ between counties (p=0.444); however, they were significantly lower in AC vs. OC at both post-change (p=0.048) and follow-up (p=0.046). Adult crash rates remained consistent over three years in both counties. Morning crash rates per hour did not differ pre-change; at both post-change and follow-up OC’s morning crash rates peaked one hour earlier than AC’s (7:00-7:59am vs. 8:00-8:59am). Conclusion This study extends previous reports by finding that later school start times are associated with decreased drowsy driving and fewer teen motor vehicle crash rates for up to 2 years post-change. Early school start times is an important public policy that benefits adolescent sleep, health, and well-being through decreased drowsy driving and motor vehicle crashes. Support (if any) Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Evidence for Action Program

scholarly journals Outcomes of Trauma during Pregnancy in Hail City - Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahani M. Al-Shammari, Rawaby K. Alshammari, Nouf M. Al-Sham
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Loads

Aim: To identify causes of trauma in pregnancy and it's outcomes over mother and fetus. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was  conducted Hail City that involved  830 pregnant  women from 2010 to 2015. By using a convenience sampling method a 830 pregnant women in Hail city in the KSA who are 18 to 45 years of age were involved in this study. Data were collected by a paper-based questionnaire and internet-based survey. Results: Traumatized women during pregnancy were 336 (40.5%) of 830 pregnant women involved (SD = 1.8, SE = 0.10038, Mean = 2.6071), and there were 218 (64.9%) got living births, while 118 (35.1%) their babies died. Many causes of trauma like falling and sliding 41.4%,  carrying heavy load 21,9%, motor vehicle crashes 11.1%, diseases 10.4%, domestic violence 4.5% and other 9.8%. Conclusion: Falling and sliding women during pregnancy are the most common cause of trauma followed by carrying heavy loads, motor vehicle crashes, diseases, and domestic violence, that associated with fetal birth defect or death.    

scholarly journals Relationship Between Physical Activity and Motor Vehicle Crashes Among Older Adult Drivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 215013271985999
Author(s):  
Amish Talwar ◽  
Thelma J. Mielenz ◽  
Linda L. Hill ◽  
Howard F. Andrews ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related

Background: There are approximately 42 million licensed drivers aged 65 years or older in the United States, who face unique age-related risks while driving. While physical activity affects several chronic conditions thought to be associated with motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), it is unclear if increased physical activity leads to fewer MVCs. This study explores whether self-reported vigorous and moderate physical activity is associated with MVCs in the previous year. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the LongROAD study, a large multisite prospective cohort study of 2990 older adult drivers, we examined variables related to physical activity and performed a multivariate regression analysis to examine the association of physical activity health behaviors with self-reported MVCs. Results: Overall, 41.2% of participants reported vigorous and 69.6% of participants reported moderate exercise at least once per week. Eleven percent of participants reported at least 1 MVC in the previous year. Neither vigorous nor moderate physical activity was significantly associated with self-reported MVCs in the previous year. Select variables that were significantly associated with self-reported MVC included self-reported unsafe driving practices (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.29), and fall in the past 12 months (OR 1.46, CI 1.14-1.85). Conclusions: We were unable to detect a significant association between self-reported physical activity and MVCs in the past year among this group of older drivers. Use of objective measures of activity may better clarify this relationship.

scholarly journals Unintentional injury mortality and external causes in Canada from 2001 to 2007

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Chen ◽  
F Mo ◽  
QL Yi ◽  
Y Jiang ◽  
Y Mao
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
External Causes

Introduction To understand the distribution pattern and time trend of unintentional injury mortalities is crucial in order to develop prevention strategies. Methods We analyzed vital statistics data from Canada (excluding Quebec) for 2001 to 2007. Mortality rates were age- and sex-standardized to the 2001 Canadian population. An autoregressive model was used for time-series analysis. Results Overall mortality rate steadily decreased but unintentional injury mortality rate was stable over the study period. The three territories had the highest mortality rates. Unintentional injury deaths were less common in children than in youths/adults. After 60, the mortality rate increased steadily with age. Males were more likely to die of unintentional injury, and the male/female ratio peaked in the 25- to 29-year age group. Motor vehicle crashes, falls and poisoning were the three major causes. There was a substantial year after year increase in mortality due to falls. Deaths due to motor vehicle crashes and drowning were more common in summer months, and deaths caused by falls and burns were more common in winter months. Conclusion The share of unintentional injury among all-cause mortality and the mortality from falls increased in Canada during the period 2001 to 2007.

scholarly journals The Pattern of Road Traffic Crashes in South East Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Rad ◽  
Alexandra LC Martiniuk ◽  
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam ◽  
Mahdi Mohammadi ◽  
Fariborz Rashedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
East Of Iran

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> In the present study, the epidemiologic aspects of road traffic crashes in South East of Iran are described.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This cross-sectional study included the profile of 2398 motor vehicle crashes recorded in the police office in one Year in South East of Iran. Data collected included: demographics, the type of crash, type of involved vehicle, location of crash and factors contributing to the crash. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Collisions with other vehicles or objects contributed the highest proportion (62.4%) of motor vehicle crashes. Human factors including careless driving, violating traffic laws, speeding, and sleep deprivation/fatigue were the most important causal factors accounting for 90% of road crashes. Data shows that 41% of drivers were not using a seat belt at the time of crash. One- third of the crashes resulted in injury (25%) or death (5%).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Reckless driving such as speeding and violation of traffic laws are major risk factors for crashes in the South East of Iran. This highlights the need for education along with traffic law enforcement to reduce motor vehicle crashes in future.<strong></strong></p>

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