scholarly journals An evaluation of the suitability of fluorescent fabrics and retroreflective materials for road traffic warning clothing in compliance with international standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soonja Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Moisture Regain ◽  
Conductive Fabric ◽  
Bead Type ◽  
Public Road

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare and analyze physical properties of different fluorescent fabrics and retroreflective materials to determine their compliance to international standard for high-visibility warning clothing. Four fluorescent fabrics were selected for the study: a PET 71%/Cotton 23%/PU 6% fabric used in public road cleaner uniforms in Korea (S1), an ISO-compliant Japan-made PET 65%/Cotton 35% + conductive fabric (S2), and a randomly selected Korean-made PET 100% fabric for adults (S3) and children (S4). Selected samples were evaluated on their seven criteria in ISO 20471. Subsequently, luminance and retroreflective properties of four retroreflective materials were compared: a 3M (USA) plain sample (R1), a rectangular-patterned sample made by ‘R’ company (Korea) (R2), a plain sample also by ‘R’ (R3), and a random plain sample from a marketplace in Korea (R4). As a result, S1 was the most similar to ISO-compliant S2 and moisture regain could be improved by adjusting the cotton ratio or surface finishing. However, S3 and S4 seemed less suitable. Second, two bead type (R1, R4) and two prism type (R2, R3) retroreflective materials showed luminance in the order of R4 > R2 ≥ R1 > R3. General retroreflective properties and post-5-condition retroreflective properties of all four samples were ISO-compliant, and the retroreflective property at observation angle of 12′ and incidence angle of 5° of R2, R3, and R4 against R1 ranged between 81.4% and 158.4%. Despite the variance, all four samples were ISO-compliant and suggest that R2, R3, and R4 are possible materials for export.

Pigments – general aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Hempelmann
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
General Aspects

Abstract The chapter defines the terms pigments and fillers according to international standards and gives a short overview over the history and economic aspects and uses. The general common chemical and physical properties are outlined and basic methods for characterization of the pigments and their behavior in binders are described.

scholarly journals Strengthening the Capacity of Emergency Medical Services in Low and Middle Income Countries using Dispatcher-Coordinated Taxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Vipul Mishra ◽  
Richa Ahuja ◽  
N. Nezamuddin ◽  
Geetam Tiwari ◽  
Kavi Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Road Traffic Crash ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Low And Middle Income

International standards recommend provision of one ambulance for every 50,000 people to fulfill demand for transporting patients to definitive care facilities in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Governments’ consistent attempt to build capacity of emergency medical services (EMS) in LMICs has been financially demanding. This study is an attempt to assess the feasibility of capacity building of existing EMS in Delhi, India by using taxis as an alternative mode of transport for emergency transportation of road traffic crash victims to enable improvement in response time for road traffic crashes where time criticality is deemed important. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated based on response time, coverage and distance. The system models the performance and quantifies the taxi–ambulance configuration for achieving EMS performance within international standards.

scholarly journals The impact of traffic flow structure on traffic safety: the case of Slovenian motorways

Transport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Zanne ◽  
Aleš Groznik
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Past Data ◽  
The Impact

Road traffic accident is an accident on a public road in which at least one moving vehicle has been involved and material damage or injury or death has occurred. Traffic accidents occur for various reasons, with one of them being the transport infrastructure and next the condition of traffic environment. Motorways are considered to be the safest roads, which have initially been planned as dedicated roads intended to be travelled only by personal cars, but the evolution of modal split of freight transport in Europe is causing the heterogeneity of traffic flows on these roads, which consequently affects the traffic safety. The aim of this paper is to explore the effects of changing volume and structure of traffic flows on road safety on Slovenian motorways. After the exhaustive analysis of past data, the paper provides different models for forecasting traffic safety on Slovenian motorways.

Natural Materials for Thermal Insulation and Passive Cooling Application

2015 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Laura Pisello ◽  
Federica Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In this chapter a critical analysis about natural materials to enhance energy performance and thermal comfort in indoor and outdoor spaces is dealt with. In particular, thermal insulation and passive cooling application in buildings are analyzed. The physical properties permitting to achieve these benefits are presented, as well as the method and the international standards to measure them. Benefits deriving from these materials’ employment as insulation layers or buildings envelope in general of, or in the case of urban paving, are described and then the single materials are illustrated.Experimental and numerical data, as reported in the bibliography, support the dissertation with examples from the most recent research contributions.

scholarly journals Evaluation and validation of technical procedure for foundry coke mechanical strength testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Mertas ◽  
Aleksander Sobolewski ◽  
Grzegorz Rozycki
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Technical Procedure ◽  
Foundry Coke ◽  
Simplified Procedure ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

Abstract Foundry coke is a special type of coke with lumps size usually bigger than 100 mm. Therefore it is difficult to asses its physical properties representatively for whole lot. There exist international standards for coke sampling and testing strength index (usually Micum test). Nevertheless companies dealing with foundry coke notified problems with methodology of sampling and sample preparation for the test. Manual sampling according to ISO 18283 is very labour extensive and with connection with literally proceeding with ISO 566 gives non-representative results for foundry coke +100 mm. For this reason on the basis of these standards there was evaluated procedure for coke sampling and testing strength indexes which is more practical for plant routine use and gives more reliable results in comparison to international standard. This article presents results of work aimed at checking usability of ISO standards provisions for foundry coke testing and evaluation and validation of simplified procedure.

Aspects of Side Impact Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Stefanita Ciunel ◽  
Cristian Klement ◽  
Mihai Constantin Clinciu
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
The Eu

According to official statistics, road transport is one of the most dangerous and costly in terms of life and costs of hospitalization and post-accident medication. Thus, safety is a matter of great interest at national level and, perhaps internationally. Road safety on public roads in Romania is low compared to international standards. The mortality rate is more than twice the EU average. Given that road traffic and victim maintenance costs are a real economic problem, a European harmonization of the recording and assessment of events involving the bodily injuries of those involved in road events is necessary. Road events are one of the main causes of mortality in modern society. For this reason, the safety of motor vehicles has become the most important issue in their development. Road traffic injuries are a problem that can be controlled by proper attention to traffic avoidance strategies. Side impact is the second major cause of mortality and injury after frontal impact in road traffic analysis.

scholarly journals Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelanggaran Penggunaan Telephone Selular saat Berkendara

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
I Putu Raditya ◽  
Ida Ayu Putu Widiati ◽  
I Made Minggu Widyantara
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Cellular Telephone ◽  
Cellular Telephones ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Legal Method

Cellular Telephone is a communication tool that can connect people with others who are obstructed by distance and time. Its use is now a priority for most people. The level of traffic accidents caused by drivers who drive their vehicles while using the telephone is also increasing. In connection with the above it will be discussed regarding the regulation of the use of cellular telephone while driving as well as law enforcement for motorists who violate the use of cellular telephone while driving. In this paper the method used is a normative legal method which uses legal material collection techniques in the form of study documents and uses primary legal material sources such as legislation and secondary legal materials such as legal books which are then poured descriptively to get final conclusions. Then regarding the conclusions of the results of this study namely violations of the use of cellular telephones have explained that in driving there is no concentration to cause an accident and even to cause death then threatened with imprisonment and fines as regulated in Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Past Road Traffic and Transportation. For law enforcement efforts to prevent the use of cellular telephones it is necessary to understand the community from adolescents to adults of the dangers and impacts of using cellular telephones when driving. So that safety can be created in driving with other public road users.

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