scholarly journals Is guanxi unfair? Market reform and the public attitude toward guanxi in urban China

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia F. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Public Attitudes ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
State Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

AbstractGuanxi is a fundamental, but controversial, feature of Chinese society. This article examines public attitudes about the fairness of guanxi and how Chinese market reform is affecting these attitudes. The reciprocity-laden and tie-sensitive nature of guanxi conflicts with the efficiency-oriented goal of a market economy. Disapproval of guanxi is thus increasing as marketization progresses. Results from the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey show that guanxi is more likely to be viewed as unfair in places with higher levels of marketization. The educational gradient decreases with marketization, and change is more pronounced among people working in the market sector than it is among people working in the state sector. My findings suggest that Chinese market reform increases public disapproval of guanxi.

The shifting burden of obesity: Changes in the distribution of obesity in China, 2010–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Rural Residency ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

This study examines the changes in the effects of income, education, and urban/rural residency on the risk of obesity within the Chinese society in recent years. Using pooled data from five waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) between 2010 and 2015, it reveals significant shifts in the distribution of the obese population within the Chinese society. China is now at a critical point in the transition with respect to obesity. The positive income–obesity relationship is about to turn negative; the obesity-depressing effect of education continues to increase; and the urban–rural gap in obesity is soon to disappear and reverse. Consequently, individuals with lower income or less education and rural residents face increasingly higher risks of obesity over time. The distribution of obesity in today’s Chinese society increasingly mirrors and may aggravate existing social inequalities.

The influence of hukou and college education in China’s labour market

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1504-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Yanjie Bian
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
College Education ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Equal Chance ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
College Educated

This paper examines the impact of hukou and college education on job placement and wage attainment for Chinese rural migrant workers in the cities. The analysis of the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey shows that when rural-born individuals gain both urban hukou and college education, they enjoy equal job-sector placement and they earn significantly higher wages than the college-educated locals. But in the absence of a rural-to-urban hukou transfer, migrants have fewer opportunities to go to college than local peers, and even college education does not gain a migrant an equal chance of working in the state sector or receiving equal earnings. A major contribution of this study is to suggest a nine-category analytic scheme, which takes into account how education, hukou and type of workplace affect one another in jointly influencing labour market inequality between rural migrants and urbanite workers.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Public Acceptance of Extramarital Sex in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5767
Author(s):  
Nian Liu ◽  
Zekai Lu ◽  
Ying Xie
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Extramarital Sex ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Family And Marriage ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

There is a lack of quantitative studies on the acceptance of extramarital sex in China. Based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey 2013 (CGSS2013), this paper used a zero-inflated Poisson regression model to analyze the factors influencing the public’s attitudes toward extramarital sex. When other variables were controlled, groups of younger ages, higher educational levels, and stronger tendencies toward “liberalization” and non-Islamic beliefs were more tolerant toward extramarital sex, whereas gender and Christian beliefs had no significant influence. In this regard, family and marriage counseling, and society’s moral tolerance and social control of religion are discussed, and further research on cross-cultural verification is needed.

scholarly journals Social life and political trust in China: Searching for machers and schmoozers

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinxuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
Contemporary Chinese ◽  
Insight Into

Previous literature has provided little evidence regarding the ways in which China’s burgeoning social life and rapid urbanization shape Chinese people’s level of trust in their government leaders. This article builds on Robert Putnam’s conceptualization of maching and schmoozing as formal and informal forms of social involvement, respectively. Using the 2012 Chinese General Social Survey, we identify four types of participants in social involvement, namely the inactives, machers, schmoozers and all-rounders, to untangle various aspects of social life in China. Our empirical analysis shows that the sociodemographic positions of the four types of social involvement are largely distinct. Our findings also contribute to the study of political trust by offering insight into the complicated associations between social involvement, hukou status and political trust in contemporary Chinese society.

Left behind in perception of air pollution? A hidden form of spatial injustice in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110361
Author(s):  
Wei Hong ◽  
Yimeng Wei ◽  
Shuyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Media ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

In recent years, the smog problem has aroused wide concern in China. However, people have different perceptions of the severity of air pollution, even in similarly polluted environments. Based on a quantitative analysis of Chinese General Social Survey data, air quality index data, news reports in 2013, and multi-site anthropological observations, this paper demonstrates that the public perception of air pollution is not determined by physiological feelings and the external environment, but rather by the media, social networks, and other sociocultural factors, which are highly localized. This creates a hidden form of spatial injustice—people living in regions that lack a social milieu of smog awareness are less likely to sense smog and to take precautions; they are therefore left behind in the perception of air pollution and in their chances of preventing illnesses associated with air pollution.

scholarly journals Social change and generalized anomie: Why economic development has reduced social trust in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Su ◽  
Yanyu Ye ◽  
Pu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

Chinese society is facing a decline in social trust, a serious crisis which is escalating as modernization continues. In this article the authors apply Durkheim’s social transitional theory to explain this disconcerting phenomenon, using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2013. The study finds that economic development as measured by per capita GDP of counties in China has given rise to social anomie, which has led to a reduction in social trust. With the rapid onset of modernization, social norms have gradually fallen by the wayside and new social integration mechanisms have not yet been fully established, resulting in a state of generalized social anomie in China.

scholarly journals Intergenerational housing asset transfer and the reproduction of housing inequality in urban China

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Housing Status ◽  
Housing Inequality ◽  
Asset Transfer ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

After the massive commodification of urban housing in the 1990s, housing inequality is now a major source of wealth inequality in urban China. Previous studies of housing inequality have rarely explored the extent and mechanisms of intergenerational housing inequality reproduction. This study fills this gap and examines how intergenerational housing asset transfer affects housing status in contemporary urban China. An analysis of data from the 2006 Chinese General Social Survey yields two important findings. First, ascribed factors such as parental social status have a greater influence than individuals’ own social status on their housing status. Second, intergenerational housing asset transfer has become an important mechanism of housing inequality reproduction. Elite parents are more likely to provide transferred assets, which prevents their downward-mobilised children from changing their relative housing status. Against the backdrop of rising wealth inequality in China, this study illustrates how the intergenerational transmission of economic resources is becoming an increasingly important mechanism of inequality reproduction.

scholarly journals Influence of Commercial Insurance Purchase on the Health Status of Chinese Residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Chang Xu ◽  
Xiu-Juan Li ◽  
Meng-Yao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Research Result ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Commercial Insurance ◽  
Medical Reform ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey ◽  
Better Than

Under the context of rapid economic and social development, and growing demands for a better life, Chinese residents have been increasingly concerned with their health status and issues. In this study, the internal relations between the purchase of commercial insurance by residents and their health status are analyzed and studied with a polytomous logit model based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2015. According to the research result, purchase of commercial insurance significantly improved the health status of residents, with an improving effect for rural residents apparently better than that among urban residents. In addition, purchase of commercial insurance can promote the health status of residents by increasing their household income. This research will provide an effective reference for the innovative development and medical reform of the commercial insurance of China in the future, which is theoretically and practically significant to the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy.

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