scholarly journals Surgical resection of extremely rare primary giant splenic angiomyolipoma: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Sato ◽  
Fumito Saijo ◽  
Yu Katayose ◽  
Mitsuhisa Mutoh ◽  
Noriyuki Iwama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Smooth Muscle Antibody ◽  
Tonsillar Hyperplasia ◽  
Giant Tumor

Abstract Background Angiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor that develops commonly in the kidney and rarely in other organs. The involvement of the spleen in angiomyolipoma is extremely rare, and only one such case has been reported in the English literature. Case presentation A 27-year-old man presented with adenoid hyperplasia and bilateral palatal tonsillar hyperplasia. During the treatment for adenoid hyperplasia, a 15-cm tumor was detected in the spleen using abdominal ultrasonography and enhanced computed tomography. Partial resection of the spleen was successfully performed. A giant tumor of approximately 13 cm with a smooth surface was observed in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. The tumor was confirmed to be continuous with the upper spleen, and there was no invasion of the other organs. The postoperative course was good, and the patient was discharged on the 7th postoperative day. The excised specimen was a smooth, extremely soft tumor measuring 123 × 120 × 82 mm. The cleaved surface of the tumor was reddish brown, and a distressing yellow color was observed. Pathological examination revealed a proliferation of mature adipocytes and an increase in the number of blood vessels of various sizes. Furthermore, spindle-shaped cell proliferation foci were visible between the adipocytes and the surrounding blood vessels. Profuse leakage of erythrocytes from the blood vessels, hemosiderin deposition, and small round cell infiltration were also noted. Immunostaining disclosed that the spindle-shaped cells were weakly positive for smooth muscle antibody and were identified as smooth muscle cells. The adipocytes and spindle cells were negative for HMB 45, Melan A, MDM, and CDK4. However, some parts of the cells were positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Besides, vascular endothelial cells were positive for CD31 and CD34 and negative for CD8. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed to have primary angiomyolipoma of the spleen. Conclusions We have reported the surgical treatment for an extremely rare case of giant splenic angiomyolipoma in a young man. Globally, this is the second report on this condition. We believe that partial splenic resection is a feasible option for the management of giant tumors.

Effect of all-trans retinoic acid and pentagalloyl glucose on smooth muscle cell elastogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kaveh Sanaei ◽  
Sydney Plotner ◽  
Anson Oommen Jacob ◽  
Jaime Ramirez-Vick ◽  
Narendra Vyavahare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Tissue Engineered Blood Vessels ◽  
Pentagalloyl Glucose ◽  
Vitamin A Derivative

BACKGROUND: The main objective of tissue engineering is to fabricate a tissue construct that mimics native tissue both biologically and mechanically. A recurring problem for tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBV) is deficient elastogenesis from seeded smooth muscle cells. Elastin is an integral mechanical component in blood vessels, allowing elastic deformation and retraction in response to the shear and pulsatile forces of the cardiac system. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research is to assess the effect of the vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and polyphenol pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) on the expression of elastin in human aortic smooth muscle cells (hASMC). METHODS: A polycaprolactone (PCL) and the gelatin polymer composite was electrospun and doped with RA and PGG. The scaffolds were subsequently seeded with hASMCs and incubated for five weeks. The resulting tissue-engineered constructs were evaluated using qPCR and Fastin assay for their elastin expression and deposition. RESULTS: All treatments showed an increased elastin expression compared to the control, with PGG treatments showing a significant increase in gene expression and elastin deposition.

Differential Expression of Melanocytic Markers in Myoid, Lipomatous, and Vascular Components of Renal Angiomyolipomas

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres A. Roma ◽  
Cristina Magi-Galluzzi ◽  
Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tissue Microarray ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Renal Angiomyolipoma ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Hmb 45

Abstract Context.—Renal angiomyolipoma is a tumor composed of varying amounts of fat, smooth muscle, and blood vessels. Characteristically, tumor cells express melanocytic markers such as HMB-45 and Melan-A. Recently, several other markers have been described as having excellent diagnostic sensitivity in cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Objectives.—To compare the sensitivities of 5 melanocytic markers in renal angiomyolipoma and to study the expression patterns of these markers in the 3 different components of angiomyolipoma. Design.—A tissue microarray of 20 renal angiomyolipomas was constructed. For each case, 3 cores containing fat, blood vessels, and smooth muscle were taken. The tissue microarray was then stained for HMB-45, Melan-A, tyrosinase, NK1-C3, and CD117. Results.—HMB-45 was positive in 95%, Melan-A in 85%, NK1-C3 in 70%, tyrosinase in 50%, and CD117 in 40% of the cases. All (20/20) were positive for HMB-45 and Melan-A combined. These 5 markers had different sensitivities in the 3 components. HMB-45 was positive in 90%, 85%, and 80% of fat, smooth muscle, and blood vessel components, respectively; Melan-A in 70%, 60%, and 40%; NK1-C3 in 55%, 55%, and 45%; tyrosinase in 30%, 40%, and 10%; and CD117 in 20%, 40%, and 10%, respectively, of these 3 components. Conclusions.—HMB-45 and Melan-A combined were positive in 100% of the renal angiomyolipomas. We recommend the use of these 2 markers in the workup of this entity, including those with predominantly 1 component. Other melanocytic markers are of limited use. A tissue block comprising predominantly fat or smooth muscle components should be used when performing melanocytic marker immunostain.

scholarly journals A rare benign genitourinary tumor in a Japanese male: urinary retention owing to aggressive angiomyxoma of the prostate

Rare Tumors ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugo Sawada ◽  
Fumio Ito ◽  
Hayakazu Nakazawa ◽  
Nobuhiko Tsushima ◽  
Hikaru Tomoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Aggressive Angiomyxoma ◽  
Urethral Meatus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Japanese Male ◽  
Old Japanese

Close examination of a 67-year-old Japanese man, who complained of persistent nocturia, revealed that a semitransparent polypoid tumor had developed from the bladder neck to the prostatic urethra obstructing the internal urethral meatus, which resulted in excessive urinary retention and post-renal dysfunction. The tumor was resected by a transurethral procedure and a pathological examination of specimens revealed aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) of the prostate. AAM usually develops in the intrapelvic and perineal organs of females. So far as we know, this is the second case of primary prostatic AAM reported in the English literature, and is the first case where the patient encountered urethral obstruction.

scholarly journals In mice and humans, the brain's blood vessels mature postnatally to acquire barrier and contractile properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Slaoui ◽  
Alice Gilbert ◽  
Laetitia Federici ◽  
Armelle Rancillac ◽  
Antoinette Gelot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Glycoprotein P ◽  
Mural Cells ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Cell Type Specific

The brain dense vascular network is essential for distributing oxygen and nutrients to neural cells. The network develops during embryogenesis and leads to the formation of the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier is surrounded by mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)) and fibroblasts. Here, we compared the molecular and functional properties of brain vascular cells on postnatal day (P)5 vs. P15, via a transcriptomic analysis of purified mouse cortical microvessels (MVs) and the identification of vascular-cell-type-specific or -preferentially expressed transcripts. We found that endothelial cells (ECs), VSMCs and fibroblasts follow specific molecular maturation programs over this time period. In particular, ECs acquire P-glycoprotein (P-gP)-mediated efflux capacities. The arterial VSMC network expands, acquires contractile proteins (such as smooth muscle actin (SMA) and myosin heavy chain 11 (Myh11)) and becomes contractile. We also analyzed samples of human brain cortex from the early prenatal stage through to adulthood: the expression of endothelial P-gP increased at birth and Myh11 in VSMCs acts as a developmental switch (as in the mouse) at birth and up to the age of 2 of 5 years. Thus, in both mice and humans, the early postnatal phase is a critical period during which the essential properties of cerebral blood vessels (i.e. the endothelial efflux of xenobiotics and other molecules, and the VSMC contractility required for vessel tone and brain perfusion) are acquired and mature.

scholarly journals Extrarenal angiomyolipoma in uterine cervix: rare presentation in unusual site

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Rashmi Monteiro ◽  
Shikha Sharma ◽  
Sonal Gupta ◽  
Indu Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Renal Angiomyolipoma ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Unusual Site ◽  
Hmb 45

Angiomyolipoma is a benign neoplasm composed of variable admixture of blood vessels, smooth muscle cells and adipose tissue. Cervical angiomyolipoma are extremely rare and to the best of our knowledge only five cases of angiomyolipoma in cervix have been reported in the literature till date. Authors are presenting a case of angiomyolipoma arising from the uterine cervix. 43 years old female presented with mass descending per vagina for 6 months. This case had no association with tuberous sclerosis. Microscopic examination showed an ill-defined polypoidal, non-encapsulated lesion covered by keratinized stratified epithelium. The lesion is made up of three components, predominantly by fascicles of spindle shaped cells, varying sized blood vessels and multiple foci of mature adipocytes with no evidence of atypia or increased mitotic activity. Smooth muscle component showed strong immunoreactivity to SMA and absence of elastic fibres in the blood vessels were confirmed by histochemistry. Non-vascular smooth muscle cells were negative for HMB-45 in contrast to renal and other extra-renal angiomyolipoma in which HMB-45 immunoreactivity in seen in these cells. To conclude, the differential diagnosis of lower abdominal mass and dysfunctional uterine bleeding should include the angiomyolipoma, even though the uterine cervix is an extremely rare location where they occur.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of caveolin-1 in vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (44) ◽  
pp. 76165-76173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongping Xu ◽  
Liwei Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Jiazhou Xu ◽  
Ruting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Caveolin 1

Vasodilator drugs and peripheral vascular disorders

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Future Issue ◽  
Vascular Disorders ◽  
Improve Blood Flow

Many drugs are claimed to be effective vasodilators which can improve blood flow in peripheral vascular disorders. Among them are noradrenaline antagonists such as tolazoline (Priscol - Ciba), azapetine (Ilidar - Roche) and phenoxybenzamine (Dibenyline - SKF), and drugs which act directly on the smooth muscle of blood vessels, such as isoxsuprine (Duvadilan - Crookes; Dilavase - Organon), nicotinyl alcohol (Ronicol - Roche), and cyclandelate (Cyclospasmol - Camden). Nicotinic acid, papaverine and ethyl alcohol are also used as vasodilators. Claims that cyclandelate and certain other drugs are indicated in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease will be discussed in a future issue.

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