scholarly journals Dietary diversity and food security status among heart failure patients in the north of Iran

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan ◽  
Azin Vakilpour ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Mousavi ◽  
Asieh Ashouri
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Security Status

Abstract Background Dietary diversity score (DDS) is an indicator for assessing nutritional adequacy. Food security is another important measure in nutrition field which can be associated with several cardiovascular risk factors. Considering the importance of nutrition in heart failure (HF) patients, this study was designed to evaluate the DDS and food security of patients with HF. Methods A total of 200 HF patients were enrolled. DDS was evaluated using valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire and was calculated by scoring food intakes as 5 main groups. Household food insecurity access scale was applied to assess food security status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple logistic regression models. Results The mean age of patients was 65 (standard deviation: 12) years and 59% of patients were male. Median of DDS was 1.96 (range: 0.29 to 6.12). Adjusted odds of greater DDS (> = median of 2) was 2.58 times higher for patients without hypertension than for patients with hypertension (95%CI: 1.31–5.08, P = 0.006). Also, odds of greater DDS were more in ex-smokers’ patients when compared to non-smokers (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.70, 95%CI: 1.27–5.75, P = 0.010), patients with supplement use (AOR: 2.42, 95%CI: 1.16–5.05, P = 0.019), patients with lower total cholesterol level (AOR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02, P = 0.051), and patients with higher ejection fraction (AOR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.00–1.05, with borderline. P = 0.073). About 57% of patients had experienced degrees of food insecurity as mild (26%), moderate (16%) and severe (15%). On the other hand, women (AOR: 1.90, 95%CI: 0.90–3.71, with borderline P = 0.061) and patients with middle (AOR: 3.48, 95%CI: 1.79–6.76, P < 0.001) or high (AOR: 20.32, 95%CI: 2.56–161.19, P = 0.004) socio-economic status were more likely to be food secure or mild insecure. Also, no relation between DDS and food security was found (r = − 0.08, P = 0.262). Conclusion This study found that HF patients had a low DDS and more than half of the patients were food insecure to some extents.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Socioeconomic inequalities trends in child health comparing within and between group inequalities: Food insecurity and malnutrition in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akim Tafadzwa Lukwa ◽  
Aggrey Siya ◽  
Karen Nelwin Zablon ◽  
James Azam ◽  
Olufunke A. Alaba
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Concentration Indices ◽  
Geographical Clusters

Abstract BackgroundGlobally nations are advocating for universal health coverage which argues for health access for all however, inequalities in child health remain a threat to this global initiative. Even though malnutrition and food insecurity are now dominating the global development agenda, there are substantial gaps on literature about patterns and trends of socioeconomic inequalities in food insecurity and malnutrition in many developing countries. Globally an estimated 3.1 million children die annually as a result of undernutrition, shockingly sub-Saharan Africa accounts for majority of the most nutritionally insecure and food insecure children in the world. In previous decades’ prevalence of stunting in Zimbabwe has been erratic. This paper assessed socioeconomic inequalities in child health focusing on malnutrition and food insecurity in Zimbabwe.MethodsThe study used Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data sets of 2010\11 and 2015. Food insecurity in children was determined based on the WHO dietary diversity score. The study adopted the WHO dietary diversity score informed by the Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. Minimum dietary diversity as an indicator for food security is defined by a cut- off point of >4, therefore for this study children with less than 3 of the 13 food groups were defined as food insecure. Malnutrition was assessed using weight-for-age Z-scores, with children whose weight-for-age Z-score below minus two standard deviations (-2 SD) from the median considered malnourished. Concentration indices were computed to understand if malnutrition was dominant among the poor or rich. The paper used the Theil index, which is a generalized entropy measure and decomposed the indices by population subgroups (geographical clusters and socioeconomic status) so as to separate total inequality in the distribution between the selected groups and remaining within-group inequalities.ResultsFor the period under review malnutrition prevalence increased by 1.03 percentage points (p.p) [2010/11(3.73%); 2015(4.76%)], while food insecurity prevalence decreased by 4.35p.p [2010/11(78.29%);2015(73.94)]. Prevalence of malnutrition and food insecurity increased by; 9.6p.p and 2p.p among poor children & 10.23p.p and 0.5p.p among rural children. Concentration indices showed that; children from wealthy households were more likely to be food secure (pro-rich) while, children from poor households were more likely to be nutritious (pro-poor). For nutrition status socioeconomic inequality gaps appear to be widening as the concentration indices between the two time periods increased, while for food security status socioeconomic inequality gaps appear to be contracting as the concentration indices between the two time periods reduced. Decomposed Theil indices by geographical clusters (urban & rural) for; food security status shows contracting socioeconomic inequality gaps in both geographical clusters (urban & rural), while for nutrition status the Theil indices reflect widening socioeconomic inequality gaps among urban children and contracting socioeconomic inequality gaps among rural children.ConclusionThe study concluded within-group inequalities to be driving most of the socioeconomic inequalities in nutritional status and food security status of children in Zimbabwe. Therefore, Zimbabwean government should design policies that focus on addressing within-group inequalities and direct food security interventions for food insecure children through availing food aid.

scholarly journals Comparison between Experience-Based and Household-Undernourishment Food Security Indicators: A Cautionary Tale

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3307
Author(s):  
Luis A. Sandoval ◽  
Carlos E. Carpio ◽  
Manuel Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators

Food security is a multi-dimensional concept that requires multiple indicators to measure it correctly; however, single food security indicators are often used individually or interchangeably. The misinterpretation of individual food security indicators can have important implications for policy design and implementation. The general objective of this paper is to show the discrepancies that may arise when using two different food security indicators that operate in the same dimension of the food security concept and yield the same outcome (food security status of the household) in three of the scenarios that they might be used: (1) for measuring the prevalence of food insecurity, (2) for understanding its drivers, and (3) for estimating the potential impact of a policy. The specific objectives of this paper are (1) to measure and compare the prevalence of food insecurity in a country using the Latin America Food Security Scale (ELCSA, by its acronym in Spanish) and the household undernourishment indicator, (2) to compare the factors associated with households’ food security status using the two indicators, and (3) to assess the potential use of the two indicators for ex ante policy analysis. Data for the study comes from the 2011 Survey of Living Standards from Guatemala, which collected all the data for estimating the ELCSA and the household level data required for calculating the household undernourishment indicator. Our results indicate considerable differences in the estimated prevalence of food insecurity at the national and regional levels using the two alternative indicators, with ELCSA resulting in higher estimates. Logistic regression models estimated to assess and identify household food insecurity drivers also found large differences in both the direction and magnitude of factors affecting food insecurity using the alternative food security indicators. Finally, the magnitude of the simulated impact of a cash transfer policy varied depending on the food indicator used.

scholarly journals Individual and household influences on food security and dietary diversity in seven Dominican batey communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor M McWade ◽  
Sheau-Chiann Chen ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
Douglas C Heimburger ◽  
Troy D Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

Abstract Background To identify individual and household characteristics associated with food security and dietary diversity in seven Haitian–Dominican bateyes. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 667 households were surveyed. Novel household food security scores were calculated from components of the Household Food Insecurity Assessment Scale, while the Food and Agricultural Organization’s Household Dietary Diversity Score was utilized to calculate individual dietary diversity scores. Multivariable analyses were performed using ordinal logistic regression models to estimate the association between these scores and the covariate variables. Secondary dietary diversity analyses were performed after removing non-nutritious food groups. Results Food security was significantly associated with being above the poverty line (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.92 to 5.14), living in a rural batey (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.03), receiving gifts and/or donations (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.00) and having a salaried job (i.e., not being paid hourly; OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.64). Dietary diversity was significantly associated with living in a semi-urban batey (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.30), living with a partner (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.00), growing at least some of one’s own food (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.23), and receiving gifts and/or donations (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.73). Conclusions Food insecurity and low dietary diversity are highly prevalent in Haitian–Dominican bateyes. The inclusion of sweets and non-milk beverages in dietary diversity calculations appear to skew scores towards higher levels of diversity, despite limited nutritional gains.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities trends in child health comparing within and between group inequalities: Food insecurity and malnutrition in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akim Tafadzwa Lukwa ◽  
Aggrey Siya ◽  
Karen Nelwin Zablon ◽  
James Azam ◽  
Olufunke A. Alaba
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Weight For Age

Abstract Background Food insecurity and malnutrition in children are pervasive public health concerns in Zimbabwe. Several studies previously done, only identified determinants of food insecurity and malnutrition with very little efforts have been done in assessing related inequalities and decomposing the inequalities across household characteristics in Zimbabwe. This study explored socioeconomic inequalities trends in child health using the decomposition approach to compare within and between group inequalities. Methods The study used Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data sets of 2010\11 and 2015. Food insecurity in children was determined based on the WHO dietary diversity score. Minimum dietary diversity was defined by a cut- off point of >4 therefore, in this study children with less than 3 of the 13 food groups were defined as food insecure. Malnutrition was assessed using weight for age Z-score, with children whose weight-for-age Z-score below minus two standard deviations (-2 SD) from the median considered malnourished. Concentration indices were computed to understand if malnutrition was dominant among the poor or rich. The study used the Theil index and decomposed the index by population subgroups (geographical clusters and socioeconomic status). Results Over the study period, malnutrition prevalence increased by 1.03 percentage points (p.p), while food insecurity prevalence decreased by 4.35p.p. Prevalence of malnutrition and food insecurity increased among poor rural children. Theil indices for nutrition status show socioeconomic inequality gaps to have widened, while food security status socioeconomic inequality gaps contracted for the period under review. Conclusion: Within-group inequalities are driving most of the socioeconomic inequalities in nutritional status and food security status among children in Zimbabwe. To address the socioeconomic inequalities, there is need to tackle the four pillars (availability, accessibility, utilization and stability of food supply) of food and nutrition security.

Gaps in food security, food consumption and malnutrition in households residing along the baobab belt in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorah Kwamboka Momanyi ◽  
Willis O. Owino ◽  
Anselimo Makokha ◽  
Esther Evang ◽  
Habte Tsige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Security Status

PurposeThis paper aims to describe food insecurity status, food consumption patterns of households and nutritional status of families residing along the baobab belt in Kitui and Kilifi counties of Kenya. It also explores associations between these and household socio-demographic characteristics.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study design was performed with a sample of 216 caregiver/child pairs interviewed. Tablet-based semi-structured questions were used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics of children (6-13 years) and caregivers. Food insecurity status was assessed using the household food insecurity experience scale. Information on food consumption was obtained from qualitative 24-h recall as a basis for calculating a household dietary diversity score. Data were also obtained from a non-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of children and caregivers’ height and weight were taken to assess their nutritional status. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 24 and WHO AnthroPlus 1.0.4.FindingsThe majority (98.2 per cent) of the households were food insecurity despite 81.5 and 57.4 per cent in Kitui and Kilifi counties, respectively, owning baobab trees. About 32.1 per cent of the households had poor dietary diversity scores (< 4). The prevalence of stunting (28.6 per cent), wasting (11.6 per cent) and underweight (25 per cent) rates among children were high. A significant association was observed between the children stunting rates with their age (p= 0.027), and also with household’s food security status (p< 0.001). Of the caregivers, 14.8 per cent were underweight, 18.1 per cent were overweight and 8.8 per cent were obese. There was significant association between the nutrition status of the caregivers and gender of the children (p< 0.001) and also with stunting rates of children (p= 0.047).Originality/valueThe study provides data on the current food security status and food consumption patterns of households and nutritional status of families residing along the baobab belt in Kenya which are mostly areas of marginal agricultural potential. The findings indicate a need for appropriate dietary improvements.

scholarly journals IS THERE AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FOOD INSECURITY AND DIETARY DIVERSITY AMONG SENIORS IN LUBBOCK?

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
W.H. Oldewage-Theron ◽  
B.A.Z. Abu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status

Objectives: To determine household food insecurity and dietary diversity (DD) among seniors in Lubbock, Texas and examine the relationships between food security status and DD. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Setting: Lubbock, Texas. Participants: 200 seniors (≥ 50 years) randomly selected from seven senior centers and Meals on Wheels. Measurements: Socio-demographic and economic questionnaire, the validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for food security and coping strategies, the validated DD scale for measuring the minimum DD for women (MDD-W), and weight and height measurements. P<0.05 considered significant was used for all statistical analyses. Results: The majority of the respondents (59.8%) were categorized as food secure. No significant relationships were observed between DD and HFIAS. The linear regression analysis carried out on the socio-demographic predictors of food security showed that age, household income and money spent on food per month were predictors of food security (R2= 0.233; p<0.000; SEE=4.462). The number of people in the household was the only predictor for DD score (R2= 0.028; p<0.000; SEE=1.929). Conclusions: This study showed a serious problem of household food insecurity among seniors in Lubbock, Texas affecting 40% of seniors. The results provide some of the first insights into seniors’ food security status and DD. No relationship could be established between food security status and DD in this study. Only household size was a predictor for DD in this study and further research is needed to determine quantity of dietary intakes and factors influencing the dietary patterns.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF REFUGEES IN TURKEY USING FAO’S FOOD INSECURITY EXPERIENCE SCALE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-529
Author(s):  
Abdulrazak Ghazal ◽  
Mehmet Bozoglu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Iraqi Refugees ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose of the study: This study aims to assess the food security status among Syrian and Iraqi refugees in Samsun, Turkey. In addition, to examine the association between refugees’ profiles and food security status. Methodology: We surveyed 252 households through face-to-face and semi-structured questionnaires; these tools were used in data collection between 2019-2020. FAO’s scale, descriptive analysis, and Chi-square test were conducted to achieve the objectives of this study. Main Findings: The findings indicated that the majority of refugees households, 60% experienced food insecurity. The results indicated that 30% of Syrian and 47% of Iraqi refugees were food security. Food security was significantly influenced by several socio-demographic (7 variables) and economic variables (9 variables). Applications of this study: This paper provides implications for policymakers and refugees. The current study recommends applying specific programs that could alleviate food insecurity among refugees. The policymakers should improve the economic status of refugees' households, especially the most vulnerable. Likewise, the policies in this field should be built by understanding the factors influencing food security. Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study is considered one of the pioneering and important studies in the food security field for refugees in Turkey. No studies have been conducted to assess food security for refugees. It seems to be important to review and re-evaluate the Turkish policies associated with refugees in Turkey.

scholarly journals Differences in reporting food insecurity and factors associated with differences among Latino fathers and mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Nagao-Sato ◽  
Stephanie Druziako ◽  
Aysegul Baltaci ◽  
Alejandro Omar Peralta Reyes ◽  
Youjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Education Participation

Abstract Background Food security status has been assessed as a representative score for households; however, different members in the same household may perceive and report food insecurity differently. A high prevalence of food insecurity has been reported among Latino households, therefore understanding differences in reporting food insecurity by Latino father-mother dyads may improve accuracy of assessment and plans to address food insecurity. This study aimed to 1) determine demographic characteristics and/or food-related factors associated with perceptions of food security status among Latino father-mother dyads, and 2) identify factors associated with discordance in perceptions of food insecurity between dyads. Methods Baseline data were used from a community-based, youth obesity prevention program among Latino families (n = 106 father-mother dyads). Food security was assessed with a 2-item food insecurity screen. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between reporting food security status and predictor variables for fathers, mothers, and dyad-discordant responses. Results Food insecurity was reported by 39% of fathers and 55% of mothers. Adjusted odds of reporting food insecurity were significantly higher for fathers perceiving their neighborhood was unsafe vs. safe (OR: 3.7, p < 0.05) and reporting lower vs. higher household income (OR: 3.2, p < 0.05). Adjusted odds of reporting food insecurity were significantly higher for mothers perceiving their neighborhood was unsafe vs. safe (OR: 4.1, p < 0.01) and reporting lower vs. higher home availability of fruit and vegetable (OR: 5.5, p < 0.01). Dyad discordance in reporting food security status occurred in 24% of the dyads. Adjusted odds of dyad discordant reports of food insecurity status were significantly higher for dyads reporting discordant responses regarding previous nutrition education (OR: 3.4, p < 0.05) and higher home fruit and vegetable accessibility (OR: 3.1, p < 0.05) compared to dyads reporting concordant responses. Among the 28 dyads who reported discordant nutrition education participation, 21 reported that fathers had never participated but mothers had participated more than once. Conclusions Differential factors were associated with reporting food security among Latino father-mother dyads. Nutrition education for fathers that improves awareness of home food supplies and a better understanding of how food accessibility influences maternal perceptions may improve dyad discordance in reporting household food security.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Socioeconomic inequalities trends in child health comparing within and between group inequalities: Food insecurity and malnutrition in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akim Tafadzwa Lukwa ◽  
Aggrey Siya ◽  
Karen Nelwin Zablon ◽  
James Azam ◽  
Olufunke A. Alaba
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Concentration Indices

Abstract BackgroundInequalities in child health remain a threat to this global efforts to achieve universal health coverage. We assessed socioeconomic inequalities in child health focusing on malnutrition and food insecurity in Zimbabwe.MethodsWe used Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data sets of 2010\11 and 2015. Food insecurity in children was determined based on the WHO dietary diversity score. Minimum dietary diversity was defined by a cut- off point of >4 therefore, in this study children with less than 3 of the 13 food groups were defined as food insecure. Malnutrition was assessed using weight for age Z-score, with children whose weight-for-age Z-score below minus two standard deviations (-2 SD) from the median considered malnourished. Concentration indices were computed to understand if malnutrition was dominant among the poor or rich. The study used the Theil index and decomposed the index by population subgroups (geographical clusters and socioeconomic status).ResultsOver the study period, malnutrition prevalence increased by 1.03 percentage points (p.p) [2010/11(3.73%); 2015(4.76%)], while food insecurity prevalence decreased by 4.35p.p [2010/11(78.29%);2015(73.94)]. Prevalence of malnutrition and food insecurity increased by; 9.6p.p and 2p.p among poor children & 10.23p.p and 0.5p.p among rural children. Children from wealthy households were more likely to be food secure and children from poor households were more likely to be nutritious. For nutrition status, socioeconomic inequality gaps appeared to be widening as the concentration indices between the two time periods increased, while for food security status socioeconomic inequality gaps appeared to be contracting as the concentration indices between the two time periods reduced. Food security status showed contracting socioeconomic inequality gaps in both geographical clusters (urban & rural), while for nutrition status there were widening socioeconomic inequality gaps among urban children and contracting socioeconomic inequality gaps among rural children.ConclusionWithin-group inequalities are driving most of the socioeconomic inequalities in nutritional status and food security status among children in Zimbabwe. There is need for policies that focus on addressing within-group inequalities and direct food security interventions for food insecure children through availing food aid parcels especially for children from poor households irrespective of where they reside.

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