scholarly journals 24-Hour Physical Behavior Balance for Better Health for All: “The Sweet-Spot Hypothesis”

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Holtermann ◽  
Charlotte Lund Rasmussen ◽  
David M. Hallman ◽  
Ding Ding ◽  
Dorothea Dumuid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Sweet Spot ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Underpinning ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Social Health Inequalities ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract“Sit less–move more” has been the univocal advice to adults for better health. Predominantly, this advice is based on research of physical behaviors during leisure-time. A recent study among > 100,000 adults indicates a u-shaped association between leisure-time physical activity and risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality among adults in physically active occupations. This may be explained by the considerable difference in 24-h physical behaviors between adults in sedentary and physically active occupations. Thus, the advice “sit less–move more” might not be the best for health among adults in physically active occupations. To provide a scientific approach and encourage research on 24-h physical behaviors and health for those in physically active occupations, we propose the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis.” The hypothesis postulates that the “Sweet-Spot” of 24-h physical behaviors for better health differs between adults, depending on their occupation. Specifically, the hypothesis claims that the advice “sit less–move more” does not bring adults in physically active occupations toward their “Sweet-Spot” of 24-h physical behaviors for better health. The purpose of our paper is to encourage researchers to test this proposed hypothesis by describing its origin, its theoretical underpinning, approaches to test it, and practical implications. To promote health for all, and decrease social health inequalities, we see a great need for empirically testing the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis.” We propose the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis” to encourage discussion, debates, and empirical research to expand our collective knowledge about the healthy “24-h physical behavior balance” for all.

scholarly journals Does leisure-time physical activity in early adulthood predict later physical activity? Pro-Saude Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Nogueira ◽  
Eduardo Faerstein ◽  
Inês Rugani ◽  
Dora Chor ◽  
Claudia S. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Reference Category ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Active Adults

INTRODUCTION: Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) is a health behavior that is considered relatively stable over the course of life; this life-long habit seems to be shaped during youth and early adulthood. LTPA is one of the few healthy behaviors more prevalent among men than among women. METHODS:Data from 3,199 participants of the Pro-Saude Study were analyzed - a cohort of employees of a university in Rio de Janeiro, collected with a self-reported multidimensional questionnaire. The association between LTPA in early adulthood and later was investigated using multinomial logistic regression, with estimated odds ratios (OR), considering three outcome categories: inactive, insufficiently active, and active. Past LTPA was grouped into three categories: never/rarely (reference category), sometimes and frequently/always. Estimates were adjusted for: age; participants' schooling, their father's and mother's schooling, and color/race. RESULTS:Analysis shows men who engaged in LTPA sometimes and almost always/always in early adulthood had an OR= 1.42 (95% CI: 0.70-2.89) and OR= 3.33 (95% CI: 1.82-6.10), respectively, of being physically active in later adulthood than those who did not engage in LTPA. Among women, the corresponding odds ratios were lower: OR = 1.19 (95% CI: 0.79-1.79) and OR =1.42 (95% CI: 1.00-2.04). CONCLUSION:LTPA during early adulthood is associated with physical activity later in adulthood, and this association is stronger in men than in women. Public policies that encourage LTPA among youth, with specific efforts directed at women, could increase the proportion of physically active adults.

Associations between participation in, intensity of, and time spent on leisure time physical activity and risk of inflammatory bowel disease among older adults (PA-IBD): A prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Fogh Rasmussen ◽  
Bodil Hammer Bech ◽  
Katrine Hass Rubin ◽  
Vibeke Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Third ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are diseases of the immune system that share some genetic and lifestyle-related predisposing factors. Increasing incidences have been reported in all age groups. Based on experimental studies suggesting a role of physical activity on intestinal inflammation, this study aimed to investigate the association between leisure time physical activity and the risk of IBD in older adults. Methods The study is a prospective cohort study using Danish registry data and questionnaire data from the Danish “Diet, Cancer and Health” cohort. The outcome IBD was defined as having at least two diagnoses of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis registered in the National Patient Registry during follow-up between December 1993 and May 1997 until December 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios for IBD onset associated with being physically active and with levels of the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours/week of physical activity and hours/week spent on six types of physical activity. Results In total, 54 645 men and women aged 50-64 years were included, and thereof 529 cases. When comparing physically active with inactive participants measured by MET hours/week there was no statistically significant difference in risk of IBD (0.89 [0.13; 6.27]), neither when measured as participation in six types of activities. Results did not indicate any dose-response effect when comparing quartile groups of MET hours/week or of five of the six types of activities. For do-it-yourself-work, the third quartile of hours/week was associated with a higher risk of IBD compared to the second quartile (HR=1.44 [1.10 ; 1.90]. No effect modification was found. Conclusions There was no association between physical activity and risk of IBD when comparing physically active with inactive participants. Neither did the results indicate any dose-response effect when comparing quartile groups of MET hours/week. Do-it-yourself work, however, seemed to be associated with a higher risk of IBD when comparing the third quartile with the second quartile. The study has clinical relevance by its contribution to the explanatory field of the causes of IBD. However, further research is needed to clarify associations between physical activity and risk of IBD.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Health-Care Utilization in Older Adults

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Y. Martin ◽  
M. Paige Powell ◽  
Claire Peel ◽  
Sha Zhu ◽  
Richard Allman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Physician Visits

This study examined whether leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was associated with health-care utilization in a racially diverse sample of rural and urban older adults. Community-dwelling adults (N= 1,000, 75.32 ± 6.72 years old) self-reported participating in LTPA and their use of the health-care system (physician visits, number and length of hospitalizations, and emergency-room visits). After controlling for variables associated with health and health-care utilization, older adults who reported lower levels of LTPA also reported a greater number of nights in the hospital in the preceding year. There was no support, however, for a relationship between LTPA and the other indicators of health-care utilization. Our findings suggest that being physically active might translate to a quicker recovery for older adults who are hospitalized. Being physically active might not only have health benefits for older persons but also lead to lower health-care costs.

Reasons and Barriers for University Students’ Leisure-Time Physical Activity: Moderating Effect of Health Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius Sukys ◽  
Vida J. Cesnaitiene ◽  
Arunas Emeljanovas ◽  
Brigita Mieziene ◽  
Irena Valantine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Fitness And Health ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health education and motives and barriers for university students’ engagement in leisure-time physical activity (PA). The research sample included 709 students (312 females and 397 males) in different years of study, ranging in age between 18-25 years. A questionnaire survey method revealed a significant positive relationship between fitness and health motives and students’ leisure-time PA. External barriers were negative predictors of students’ leisure-time PA, while more health education-related courses per week were positively associated with students’ leisure-time PA. Finally, we found that the number of health education-related courses per week moderated the relationship between fitness and health motives and students’ leisure-time PA. These findings suggest that university students’ fitness and health motives and external barriers to be physically active outweigh other motives and barriers in determining their leisure-time PA. In addition, health education in university studies can effectively increase students’ health-related motivation for PA.

Effects of 32-Year Leisure Time Physical Activity Discordance in Twin Pairs on Health (TWINACTIVE Study): Aims, Design and Results for Physical Fitness

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuija Leskinen ◽  
Katja Waller ◽  
Sara Mutikainen ◽  
Sari Aaltonen ◽  
Paula H. A. Ronkainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe physically active lifestyle is associated with low future morbidity and mortality, but the causality between physical activity and health is not always clear. As some inherited biological characteristics and childhood experiences may cause selection bias in observational studies, we sought to take them into account by identifying 16 twin pairs (7 MZ, 9 DZ, mean age 60 years) discordant for leisure time physical activity habits for thirty years. We conducted detailed health-related examinations among these twin pairs. Our main aims were to study the effects of physical activity and genes on fitness and body composition, with special reference to body fat compartments, metabolic syndrome components and related diseases and risk factor levels, status of arteries, structure and function of the heart, bone properties, and muscle and fat tissue-related mechanisms linked to physical activity and chronic disease development. Our physical activity assessments showed that inactive co-twins were on average 8.8 MET hours/day less active than their active co-twins through out their midlife (2.2 ± 2.3 vs. 11.0 ± 4.1 MET h/day, p < .001). Follow-up fitness tests showed that physically inactive co-twins were less fit than their active co-twins (estimated VO2peak 26.4 ± 4.9 vs. 32.5 ± 5.5 ml/kg/min, p < .001). Similar differences were found in both MZ and DZ pairs. On the basis of earlier epidemiological observations on nonrelated individuals, these physical activity and fitness differences are large enough to cause differences in many mechanisms and risk factors related to the development of chronic diseases and to permit future analyses.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Katasanovas ◽  
Vytautas Katasanovas ◽  
Žilvinas Stankevičius
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity ◽  
Support Family

Grounding of research.Scientific problem discussed in the article-what factors influence children’sleisure time physical activity. Inorder to choose the right means to encourage children to be more physicalactive, it is important to analyse what factors can influence this. Leisure time is an important routine ofchildren’s everyday life, and engaging into physical activities during leisure time brings a lot of benefits.Theproblem isrelevantasit is important to discuss all the aspects related to the ways that could encourage childrenfor physical activity, including the analysis of factors, influencing their leisure time physical activity.Thegoalof research–to analysefactors influencingleisure time physical activity physical activity of children. Objectsof research: To discuss importance of leisure time physical activity for children.To identify groups of factorsimportantfor children leisure time physical activity physical activity. Research object subject–factorsinfluencingleisure time physical activity physical activity of children. Qualitative methods were used in thisarticle, performing comparative analysis of scientific literature. Scientific articles discussing results ofempirical research were chosen for the analysis. Most articles that are analysed were published in 2007–2015.Results of research.Results of research reveal that leisure time physical activity is especially importantfor children for overall benefit of physical activity for their physical and mental health (in childhood and infuture). According to the theories explaining factors influencing leisure time physical activity such groups offactors may be determined: psychosocial factors (internal factors), environmental factors including factors ofsocial support (family, school), physical environment and political factors. Results reveal that psychologicalfactors, such as extraversion, conscientiousness, enjoyment, self-efficacy are related to higher levels ofphysical activity. Gender also matters–boys are usually more physically active that girls (especially there aregreat differences in adolescence). Influence of socioeconomic factors is not obvious (smaller children’sphysical activity does not correlate to financial state of family, but it does in later age). Parents may have greatinfluence on children’s physical activity modelling, encouraging, providing and involving their children withphysical activities. But children’s physical activity is negatively influenced if home surroundings encouragesedentary leisure time activities. Efforts of school to create availability of organized physical activities withsupervision, also rational daytime table, giving children time for being physically active, may have benefit.However neighbourhood environmental and facility factorsare notrelevant to explain children’s andadolescents’ physical activity.Main conclusions of research.1. Physical activity should be a part of leisure time routine, assuringthat children would be physically active daily.2. Two main groups of factors can be treated as significant inaffecting physical activityof children: psychosocial factors, and factors of social support (family, home,school). Neighbourhood environmental and facility factorsare notrelevant to explain children’s andadolescents’ physical activity. In the context of what was discussed above.Keywords:leisure time,physical activity,children,adolescents.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with leisure-time physical activity in older adults from seven Brazilian cities: data from the FIBRA study

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiguara Costa ◽  
Luciana Ribeiro ◽  
Anita Neri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated

<p>Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is an important factor in promoting and maintaining adequate health status and quality of life in old age. Here we aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with different modalities of LTPA among 3,478 older adults (mean age: 72.96 ± 6.01 years; 67.7% female) from seven cities of different regions of Germany. We compared categorical variables (gender, age and family income) between groups using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Walking was the most commonly reported activity undertaken by participants (43.4%). Men reported performing a larger number of LTPA modalities than women. Outdoor gymnastics and water gymnastics were the most commonly cited LTPA by women. Younger age and higher income correlated with higher levels of physical activity. Our findings indicate that a physically active behavior is closely related to the living conditions, social roles and physical health of this population. Thus, public policies encouraging LTPA among older adults should take their gender, age and social status, as well as the type of activities to be offered, into consideration.</p>

Longterm Effect on Leisure Time Physical Activity Level in Individuals with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Halvorsen Sveaas ◽  
Hanne Dagfinrud ◽  
Melissa Woll Johansen ◽  
Elisabeth Pedersen ◽  
Ole-Martin Wold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Longterm Effect

Objective.To explore the longterm effect of a 3-month exercise program on leisure time physical activity level in individuals with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).Methods.A secondary analysis was performed on data from 100 individuals with axSpA who were included in a randomized controlled trial. The exercise group (EG) participated in a 3-month exercise program while the control group (CG) received no intervention. Physical activity during leisure time was measured with a questionnaire (physically active: ≥ 1 h/week with moderate/vigorous intensity physical activity). Disease activity was measured with the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale (ASDAS; higher score = worst). Statistical analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis using chi-square tests, logistic regression, and mixed models.Results.At the 12-month followup, significantly more individuals in the EG than in the CG were physically active [29 (67%) vs 13 (30%), p < 0.001] and exercised 2–3 times/week [25 (58%) vs 15 (34%), p = 0.02], and fewer exercised at light intensity [3 (8%) vs 14 (44%), p = 0.002]. “Participation in the EG” (OR 6.7, 95% CI 2.4–18.6, p < 0.001) and “being physically active at baseline” (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.4–15.8, p = 0.01) were the factors most associated with being physically active. There were no differences between the groups in ASDAS (p = 0.79).Conclusion.A 3-month exercise program had a beneficial longterm effect on leisure time physical activity in individuals with axSpA, thus indicating a more beneficial health profile. Still, few individuals continued the intensive program, and there was no difference between the groups in disease activity after 12 months. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02356874)

scholarly journals Self-Affirmation Promotes Physical Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cooke ◽  
Helena Trebaczyk ◽  
Peter Harris ◽  
Alison J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Baseline Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

The present study tests whether a self-affirmation intervention (i.e., requiring an individual to focus on a valued aspect of their self-concept, such as honesty) can increase physical activity and change theory of planned behavior (TPB) variables linked to physical activity. Eighty young people completed a longitudinal intervention study. Baseline physical activity was assessed using the Godin Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (LTPAQ). Next, participants were randomly allocated to either a self-affirmation or a nonaffirmation condition. Participants then read information about physical activity and health, and completed measures of TPB variables. One week later, participants again completed LTPAQ and TPB items. At follow up, self-affirmed participants reported significantly more physical activity, more positive attitudes toward physical activity, and higher intentions to be physically active compared with nonaffirmed participants. Neither attitudes nor intentions mediated the effects of self-affirmation on physical activity. Self-affirmation can increase levels of physical activity and TPB variables. Self-affirmation interventions have the potential to become relatively simple methods for increasing physical activity levels.

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