scholarly journals Deficiency in civil registration and vital statistics reporting in remote areas: the case of Sabah, Malaysia

Genus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siow Li Lai ◽  
Nai Peng Tey
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Birth Registration ◽  
Registration System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Effective Development

AbstractMalaysia has a well-established civil registration system dating back to the 1960s. Birth registration is virtually complete at the national level. However, the quality of civil registration in some remote areas is doubtful, as evidenced by the abnormally low birth and death rates in several districts. This study focuses on identifying districts in Sabah, where the reporting of births seems problematic. Sabah is the least developed state in Malaysia, and it is sparsely populated, despite being the second most populous state in the country. Sabah’s civil registration lags behind the other states, to the extent that birth and death statistics were not reported for the state in the vital statistics report for the period 2000 to 2009. A 2016 study found that death registration is almost 100%, except for Sabah (88%). The plausible reasons behind the ultra-low birth rate reported in several remote districts in Sabah include misreporting of the place of occurrence as the usual residence, delayed reporting, non-coverage, ignorance of the law, inaccessibility, presence of a large number of migrants, miscommunication, and errors in data entry. The under-reporting of births may have serious consequences, such as misallocation of resources and deprivation of services to those affected. In line with the transformative promise of “leaving no one behind,” the Sustainable Development Goals urge all countries to strive to improve data quality for planning; this includes complete birth registration for creating effective development programs to reach target groups more effectively.

scholarly journals The impact of the corruption on the sustainable development of the businesses in South-West Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 06015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Krastev ◽  
Blagovesta Koyundzhiyska-Davidkova ◽  
Irina Atanasova
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Group Method ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
South West ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Contemporary Reality ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Corruption as a phenomenon can be found in every country and society. It accompanies human development from antiquity to the present day. The main perceptions of corruption is that it is an undesirable phenomenon which negatively affects society, contributes to the imbalance in the distribution of public goods and adversely affects the economy and society`s confidence in state governance and state`s institutions efficiency. Modern economy is permanently evolving and becoming more interdependent, especially in the age of globalization nevertheless corruption phenomenon still has influence despite the continual strategies for its limitation. Anti-corruption legislation at global, regional and national level is constantly developing and irrespective of the different legal systems and different anti-corruption strategies, it remains a constant in society`s life and influences their growth. At least that is what the first studies results on corruption impact on countries` economies development in the 1960s 1970s of the 20th century have demonstrated. The aim of this research is to assess the corruption impact on the Bulgarian economy, reflecting the contemporary reality in which the Bulgarian business develops its activities. The main research method is the method of the response and for the procession of the information are used statistical methods method of observation, method of the group, method of the analysis and graphic method. The analysis and conclusions on the problem are based on a data survey, where representatives of the business enterprises from South-West region had an opportunity to answer questions, aimed at revealing the most common corruption practices and how they affect their normal business activity.

scholarly journals Assessing mortality registration in Kerala: the MARANAM study

Genus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashish Gupta ◽  
Sneha Sarah Mani
Keyword(s):  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Sample Registration System ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractComplete or improving civil registration systems in sub-national areas in low- and middle-income countries provide several opportunities to better understand population health and its determinants. In this article, we provide an assessment of vital statistics in Kerala, India. Kerala is home to more than 33 million people and is a comparatively low-mortality context. We use individual-level vital registration data on more than 2.8 million deaths between 2006 and 2017 from the Kerala MARANAM (Mortality and Registration Assessment and Monitoring) Study. Comparing age-specific mortality rates from the Civil Registration System (CRS) to those from the Sample Registration System (SRS), we do not find evidence that the CRS underestimates mortality. Instead, CRS rates are smoother across ages and less variable across periods. In particular, the CRS records higher death rates than the SRS for ages, where mortality is usually low and for women. Using these data, we provide the first set of annual sex-specific life tables for any state in India. We find that life expectancy at birth was 77.9 years for women in 2017 and 71.4 years for men. Although Kerala is unique in many ways, our findings strengthen the case for more careful attention to mortality records within low- and middle-income countries, and for their better dissemination by government agencies.

scholarly journals Gender Inequalities and Sex-Differential Mortality in Pre-War Greece: A Regional Perspective

Genealogy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Vasilis S. Gavalas ◽  
Pavlos Baltas
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Demographic Indices ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Sex Differential Mortality

Previous studies have indicated gender-based discriminatory practices as a result of son preference up to the first half of the 20th century in Greece. Demographic indices calculated from published vital statistics, such as sex ratios at birth and at childhood, were distorted to such an extent that certain scholars suggest that this distortion was due to sex-selective infanticide and neglect of the girls. Although we cannot exclude this possibility, the aim of this paper is to assess to what extent under-registration of female births (in the civil registration system) and under-enumeration of females (in censuses) accounted for the skewed sex ratios and to pinpoint that gender-based discrimination was not the same all over Greece. There were areas in insular Greece, notably the Ionian islands and the Aegean Archipelago, and one area in mainland Greece (Epirus) where demographic indices imply that gender inequalities were less acute. On the other hand, there were areas in mainland Greece, notably in Thessaly, where sex-differential mortality denotes extremely unequal treatment of girls.

scholarly journals Benefits of linking civil registration and vital statistics with identity management systems for measuring and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mills ◽  
Jane Kim Lee ◽  
Bahie Mary Rassekh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
National Identification ◽  
The Government

Abstract A complete civil registration and vital statistics system is the best source of data for measuring most of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 indicators. However, civil registration does not include migration data, which are necessary for calculating the actual number of people living in a given area and their characteristics such as age and sex. This information is needed to facilitate planning, for example, for school places, health care, infrastructure, etc. It is also needed as the denominator for the calculation of a range of health and socioeconomic indicators. Obtaining and using these data can be particularly beneficial for measuring and achieving universal health coverage (Target 3.8), because civil registration can help to identify persons in need of health care and enable decision-makers to plan for the delivery of essential services to all persons in the country, including the most disadvantaged populations. By assigning unique identification numbers to individuals, for example, at birth registration, then using these numbers to link the individuals’ data from civil registration, national identification, and other functional registers, including registers for migration and health care, more accurate and disaggregated population values can be obtained. This is also a key to improving the effectiveness of and access to social services such as education, health, social welfare, and financial services. When civil registration system in a country is linked with its national identification system, it benefits both the government and its citizens. For the government, having reliable and up-to-date vital events information on its citizens supports making informed program and policy decisions, ensuring the accurate use of funds and monitoring of development programs at all levels. For individuals, it makes it easier to prove one’s identity and the occurrence of vital events to claim public services such as survivor benefits or child grants.

scholarly journals Subnational mortality estimates for India in 2019: a baseline for evaluating excess deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e007399
Author(s):  
Chalapati Rao ◽  
Amrit Jose John ◽  
Ajit Kumar Yadav ◽  
Mansha Siraj
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mortality Estimates

BackgroundEstimates of excess mortality are required to assess and compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across populations. For India, reliable baseline prepandemic mortality patterns at national and subnational level are necessary for such assessments. However, available data from the Civil Registration System (CRS) is affected by incompleteness of death recording that varies by sex, age and location.MethodsUnder-reporting of CRS 2019 deaths was assessed for three age groups (< 5 years, 15–59 years and ≥60 years) at subnational level, through comparison with age-specific death rates from alternate sources. Age-specific corrections for under-reporting were applied to derive adjusted death counts by sex for each location. These were used to compute life expectancy (LE) at birth by sex in 2019, which were compared with subnational LEs from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study.ResultsA total of 9.92 million deaths (95% UI 9.70 to 10.02) were estimated across India in 2019, about 2.28 million more than CRS reports. Adjustments to under-five and elderly mortality accounted for 30% and 56% of additional deaths, respectively. Adjustments in Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh accounted for 75% of all additional deaths. Adjusted LEs were below corresponding GBD estimates by ≥2 years for males at national level and in 20 states, and by ≥1 year for females in 12 states.ConclusionsThese results represent the first-ever subnational mortality estimates for India derived from CRS reported deaths, and serve as a baseline for assessing excess mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic. Adjusted life expectancies indicate higher mortality patterns in India than previously perceived. Under-reporting of infant deaths and those among women and the elderly is evident in many locations. Further CRS strengthening is required to improve the empirical basis for local mortality measurement across the country.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Civil Registration of Births and Deaths and on Availability and Utility of Vital Events Data

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e9
Author(s):  
Carla AbouZahr ◽  
Martin W. Bratschi ◽  
Emily Cercone ◽  
Anushka Mangharam ◽  
Don de Savigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Events Data

The complex and evolving picture of COVID-19–related mortality highlights the need for data to guide the response. Yet many countries are struggling to maintain their data systems, including the civil registration system, which is the foundation for detailed and continuously available mortality statistics. We conducted a search of country and development agency Web sites and partner and media reports describing disruptions to the civil registration of births and deaths associated with COVID-19 related restrictions. We found considerable intercountry variation and grouped countries according to the level of disruption to birth and particularly death registration. Only a minority of the 66 countries were able to maintain service continuity during the COVID-19 restrictions. In the majority, a combination of legal and operational challenges resulted in declines in birth and death registration. Few countries established business continuity plans or developed strategies to deal with the backlog when restrictions are lifted. Civil registration systems and the vital statistics they generate must be strengthened as essential services during health emergencies and as core components of the response to COVID-19. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 15, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306203 )

scholarly journals An Assessment of Birth Registration System and Factors Affecting in India and its States.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutal Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Birth Certificates ◽  
Birth Registration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Civil Registration

ObjectiveTo see the level and trend of the vital registration system in India and its states form 2005-2015.To identify factors influencing civil registration in IndiaIntroductionCivil Registration system (CRS) in India has been in vogue for more than 100 years now. The registration of Birth and Deaths Act, 1969 came into force in 1970. Even after 4 decades of the enactment of the act, there are wide inter-state and intra-state variations. India is the second largest populated country in the world after China. Whereas as the level of registration of birth and deaths varies from (84.4 and 69.3) registrations. In India, more than 250 thousand of registration centers are involved in central registration system and estimated births per years are 26 million, and the corresponding figure for death is 8 million (Sethi 2016).MethodsThe present study uses National family health Survey (NFHS) 3 and 4 used for the analysis to see an assessment of birth registration system and the factors affecting in India and its states. Multivariate analysis used to see the effect of a socio-demography factor that affects the registration of birth.ResultsFigure 1 presents information on prevalence birth registration under age five years with civil authority in India from NFHS- 3 and NFHS-4; this includes 27 percent (NFHS -3) 62 percent of children with birth certificates and 14 percent (NFHS- 3 ) 18 percent are children which has registered the birth but don’t have certificate.Table 1 demonstrates Prevalence of children under age five whose birth is registered with the civil authorities in India and its states from NFHS-3 and NFHS-4. Birth registration among children under age five years double between NFHS-3 and NFHS -4 (from 41% to 81 %).However, there is also an increase in all the states of India from 2005 to 2016. The percentage of births that were registered increase by more than 50 percentage points between 2005-06 and 2015-16 in Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and RajasthanTable 2 present the percentage of children under age five years whose birth was registered with civil authorities accounting to background characteristics. The registration of birth was high in age group less than 2 in NFHS -3 (79 %) but in NFHS -4 high in 2-4 age group (53 %). The registration of male is high in NFHS- and NFHS-4 (52%) as compared to a female child (48%). In the religion, the registration is high in Hindu in both the survey. However, in caste, the low registration are found in Scheduled caste (NFHS- 3 (19.2%) & NFHS- 4 (21.4%)) and scheduled tribal. With the increase in wealth index, there is an increase in the birth registration system.ConclusionsBirth registration and subsequent issuance of a certificate do not only promote human rights to citizenship but it also facilitates human rights to good health, education, social security, and overall human development. Therefore, timely registration of children should be pursued as a right issue. This study found that high levels of birth registration were related to a high level of awareness among the urban population regarding birth registration. However, findings of this study seem to suggest that it is more of a privilege for children whose parents are educated, wealthy and live in urban areas.ReferencesSethi R C, Civil Registration System, Sample Registration System & Annual Health Survey: Issues and Policy Uses. The Global Summit on CRVS. http://www.slideshare.net/kdcgroups/ session-5a-rcsethi accessed on 10/10/2016. 

scholarly journals How reliable are self-reported estimates of birth registration completeness? Comparison with vital statistics systems

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252140
Author(s):  
Tim Adair ◽  
Alan D. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
World Population ◽  
Birth Registration ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Measures Of Concordance ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Wide Usage

Background The widely-used estimates of completeness of birth registration collected by Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and published by UNICEF primarily rely on registration status of children as reported by respondents. However, these self-reported estimates may be inaccurate when compared with completeness as assessed from nationally-reported official birth registration statistics, for several reasons, including over-reporting of registration due to concern about penalties for non-registration. This study assesses the concordance of self-reported birth registration and certification completeness with completeness calculated from civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems data for 57 countries. Methods Self-reported estimates of birth registration and certification completeness, at ages less than five years and 12–23 months, were compiled and calculated from the UNICEF birth registration database, DHS and MICS. CRVS birth registration completeness was calculated as birth registrations reported by a national authority divided by estimates of live births published in the United Nations (UN) World Population Prospects or the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. Summary measures of concordance were used to compare completeness estimates. Findings Birth registration completeness (based on ages less than five years) calculated from self-reported data is higher than that estimated from CRVS data in most of the 57 countries (31 countries according to UN estimated births, average six percentage points (p.p.) higher; 43 countries according to GBD, average eight p.p. higher). For countries with CRVS completeness less than 95%, self-reported completeness was higher in 26 of 28 countries, an average 13 p.p. and median 9–10 p.p. higher. Self-reported completeness is at least 30 p.p. higher than CRVS completeness in three countries. Self-reported birth certification completeness exhibits closer concordance with CRVS completeness. Similar results are found for self-reported completeness at 12–23 months. Conclusions These findings suggest that self-reported completeness figures over-estimate completeness when compared with CRVS data, especially at lower levels of completeness, partly due to over-reporting of registration by respondents. Estimates published by UNICEF should be viewed cautiously, especially given their wide usage.

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