scholarly journals Antioxidant and antimalarial properties of Sophora exigua Craib. root extract in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantarakorn Kaewdana ◽  
Prapaporn Chaniad ◽  
Pitchanee Jariyapong ◽  
Arisara Phuwajaroanpong ◽  
Chuchard Punsawad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Breast Milk Production

Abstract Background Sophora exigua Craib. is commonly used in Thailand to reduce fever and increase postpartum breast milk production in women who have hypogalactia. However, there has been no report on the antioxidant and antimalarial properties of this plant. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimalarial activities of S. exigua root extract and to evaluate its acute toxicity in mice to confirm its safety. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. The in vivo antioxidant activities were determined by detecting the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the livers of malaria-infected mice. The in vivo antimalarial activity was determined by Peters’ 4-day suppressive test in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA and orally administered S. exigua root aqueous and ethanolic extracts at different doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight). In addition, the acute oral toxicity of the plant extracts was assessed in mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Results The ethanolic extract of S. exigua root exhibited inhibition of DPPH radicals, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 24.63 ± 1.78, 129.78 ± 0.65, and 30.58 ± 1.19 μg/ml, respectively. Similarly, research on the in vivo antioxidant activity indicated that the ethanolic extract of S. exigua root exerted a stronger effect than the aqueous extract. The aqueous extract at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg had stronger antimalarial activity than the ethanolic extract. The aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg exhibited 60.46% suppression of parasitemia. Increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected in the mice treated with 2000 mg/kg ethanolic extract, which was related to the results of histopathological analysis of liver tissue, showing ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, diffuse hepatic hemorrhage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the ethanolic S. exigua root extract possessed antioxidant properties, and the aqueous extract also had antimalarial activity. Therefore, this plant is an alternative source of new antioxidant and antimalarial agents.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Root Extract of Acanthus polystachyus Delile (Acanthaceae) Against Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1988532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagninet Derebe ◽  
Muluken Wubetu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antimalarial Agents ◽  
Mean Survival Time

Failure of the efficacy of antimalarial drugs is recognized in different classes of medicines for treating malaria, which urges the need for new drugs. This study tried to check the in vivo antimalarial activity of the root extracts of Acanthus polystachyus Delile against Plasmodium berghei–infected mice. The study revealed that the methanolic crude extract of the root of Acanthus polystachyus Delile showed significant ( P < .01) parasitemia suppressive activities in both models compared with the negative control. Parasitemia suppressive activities were 25.26%, 33.46%, and 51.48% in a 4-day suppressive test and 23.31%, 31.20%, and 43.54% in prophylaxis test at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, as compared to the negative control. Besides, the extract increases mean survival time significantly in all tested doses in a 4-day suppressive test, but in the prophylaxis model, only mice treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly lived longer. Based on this finding, the root of Acanthus polystachyus Delile has strong antimalarial activity, which may be a good candidate for new antimalarial agents.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antimalarial Activities and Toxicological Assessment of Pogostemon Cablin (Blanco) Benth

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2097838
Author(s):  
Arisara Phuwajaroanpong ◽  
Prapaporn Chaniad ◽  
Natharinee Horata ◽  
Saowanee Muangchanburee ◽  
Kantarakorn Kaewdana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Preliminary Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimalarial activities and toxicity of Pogostemon cablin extracts. In vitro activities against the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain were assessed by using the Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (pLDH) assay, while in vivo activity against the Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain in mice was investigated using a 4-day suppressive test. The in vitro and in vivo toxicity were determined in Vero cells and mice, respectively. The ethanolic extract possessed antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 24.49 ± 0.01 µg/ml, whereas the aqueous extract showed an IC50 of 549.30 ± 0.07 µg/ml. Cytotoxic analyses of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts revealed a nontoxic effect on Vero cells at a concentration of 80 µg/ml. Based on a preliminary study of in vitro antimalarial activity, the ethanolic extract was chosen as a potential agent for further in vivo antimalarial activity analysis in mice. The ethanolic extract, which showed no toxic effect on mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight, significantly suppressed parasitemia in mice by 38.41%, 45.12% and 89.00% at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively. In conclusion, this study shows that the ethanolic P. cablin extract possesses in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity without toxic effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of Methanolic Root Extract of Myrica salicifolia A Rich (Myricaceae) Against Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2092053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽  
Getnet Mequanint Adinew ◽  
Mestayet Geta Mengistie ◽  
Abyot Endale Gurmu ◽  
Engidaw Fentahun Enyew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background. The management and control of malaria has become gradually challenging due to the spread of drug-resistant parasites, lack of effective vaccine, and the resistance of vector to insecticides. Consequently, novel agents are urgently needed from different sources including from medicinal plants. In Ethiopia and Uganda, Myrica salicifolia root is traditionally claimed for the treatment of malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity of root crude extract of M salicifolia. Methods. The parasite, Plasmodium berghei was used in this study since it is an appropriate parasite that is most commonly used because of its higher accessibility. A 4-day suppressive test was employed to evaluate the antimalarial effect of crude extract against early infection. The curative and prophylactic effect of the crude extract was further tested by Rane’s test and residual infection procedure. Parasitemia, survival time, packed cell volume, body weight, and rectal temperature of mice were used as evaluation parameters. Windows SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data and analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference to compare results between groups. Results. The root crude extract of M salicifolia significantly ( P < .05-.0001) suppressed parasitemia. The crude extract exhibited a chemosuppression of 40.90. Conclusion. The development of new antimalarial agents and the finding supports the traditional claims and previous in vitro studies.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia mantaly Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Mice Infected by Plasmodium berghei

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mariscal Brice Tchatat Tali ◽  
Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna ◽  
Lauve Rachel Yamthe Tchokouaha ◽  
Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou ◽  
Jaures Marius Tsakem Nangap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract

Background. Terminalia mantaly is used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat malaria and related symptoms. However, its antiplasmodial efficacy is still to be established. Objectives. The present study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Terminalia mantaly extracts. Materials and Methods. Extracts were prepared from leaves and stem bark of T. mantaly, by maceration in distilled water, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane. All extracts were initially screened in vitro against the chloroquine-resistant strain W2 of P. falciparum to confirm its in vitro activity, and the most potent one was assessed in malaria mouse model at three concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bw). Biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also determined. Results. Overall, 7 extracts showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 ranging from 0.809 μg/mL to 5.886 μg/mL. The aqueous extract from the stem bark of T. mantaly (Tmsbw) was the most potent (IC50=0.809 μg/mL) and was further assessed for acute toxicity and efficacy in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Tmsbw was safe in mice with a median lethal dose (LD50) higher than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. It also exerted a good antimalarial efficacy in vivo with ED50 of 69.50 mg/kg and had no significant effect on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. Conclusion. The results suggest that the stem bark extract of T. mantaly possesses antimalarial activity.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Noni Leaves (Morinda citrifolia) towards Parasitemia, Splenomegaly, and Hepatomegaly in Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Putri Rahayu ◽  
Yetti Hernaningsih ◽  
Heny Arwati
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Introduction: Malaria is one of the infectious diseases found in tropical countries and sub-tropical countries. In 2016 there were an estimated 445,000 people died to malaria. Alternative medicine is needed, such as natural based ingredient. Morinda citrifolia or noni plant is a medicinal plant found in all parts of Indonesia which has many benefits, such as antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The aims of this study were to determine the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract of noni leaves and its effect on splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.Methods: Extract of noni leaves was prepared by maceration using ethanol solvent. In vivo experiments were conducted using Plasmodium berghei infected BALB/c mice treated with the doses of 100, 10, 1 mg/kg body weight(BW) orally of ethanolic extract of noni leaves. Then, the percentage of parasitemia was calculated from day 1 to day 4 after treatment and at the end of the test, mice were sacrificed then spleen and liver were collected. Results: The highest parasite growth was found in the group treated with noni leaves ethanol extract at a dose of 1 mg/kg WB and vice versa. Probit analysis resulted in ED50 was 0.882 mg/kg WB. Spearmen test showed there was no correlation between doses and the size of splenomegaly with p=0,2 and between doses and the size of hepatomegaly with p=0,6.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of noni leaves possessed antimalaria activity and there was no correlation between doses of extract and t he splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.

In vivo curative antimalarial effects of the aqueous extract of Entandrophragma angolense bark on Plasmodium berghei infection in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo ◽  
Abel Narcisse Messi Betene ◽  
Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou ◽  
Jean Hubert Donfack ◽  
Marius Jaures Tsakem Nangap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Biochemical Tests

Abstract Background Research for new antimalarial drugs remains a permanent quest for the control of malaria disease due to the emerging parasite resistances. The present study investigates the effects of the aqueous extract of Entandrophragma angolense (E. angolense) bark on Plasmodium. berghei-induced malaria in mice. Methods Eight weeks old female mice, were intraperitoneally infested with 200 μL of mouse blood, containing 1x106 P. berghei-infected-erythrocytes. Parasitaemia was determined using a 10% giemsa stained blood smear read under optical microscope (x100). The infected animals were randomized into 5 groups of 10 animals each and daily treated for 5 days with the plant extract at 125, 250 and 500 mg / kg. The malaria control received distilled water (10 mL / kg) while the chloroquine control was treated with 10 mg / kg of chloroquine. A group of healthy mice was used as the normal control and received distilled water. Body weight, parasitaemia and survival time were monitored daily during treatment and follow up periods. Five animals from each group were sacrificed under anaesthesia at the end of treatment (d8) and after the follow up period (d28). Venous blood was used for haematological and biochemical tests. Organs (liver, kidneys and spleen) were also collected for biochemical and histological analyses. Results Administration of the aqueous extract of E. angolense bark to infected mice significantly inhibited parasite development (p < 0.001) with ED50 estimated at 25.32 mg / kg. The extract prevented animal from death, body weight loss, anaemia, leucocytosis, high transaminases (ALT and AST), high bilirubin, creatinine and MDA levels, oxidative stress and anatomical alteration in organs as compared to the malaria control. Conclusions The E. angolense bark possesses antimalarial properties, supporting its use in traditional medicine to treat malaria.

Antimalarial activity of seed extracts of Schinus molle against plasmodium berghei in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Basazn Mekuria ◽  
Mestayet Geta ◽  
Eshetie Melese Birru ◽  
Desalegn Asmelashe Gelayee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Schinus Molle ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Abstract Background: Due to drug resistance and inefficient eradication techniques, malaria continues to be a major public health issue in countries with low- and middle-income. The seeds of Schinus molle are used in the Ethiopian folklore medicine for the treatment of malaria. However, this claim is not yet supported with scientific researches. Hence, the current study aims to investigate in vivo, antimalarial activity of hydro-alcoholic crude extract and subsequent solvent fraction of Schinus molle seeds on Plasmodium berghe infected mice.Methods: A hydro-alcoholic crude extract and solvent fractions (ethyl acetate, chloroform and aqueous) of Schinus molle seeds were tested at different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively ) to evaluate in vivo antimalarial activity of extracts in a 4-day suppressive, curative, and prophylaxis antimalarial test models. The parasitemia level, packed cell volume, survival of date, body weight, and body temperature were used to evaluate the anti-plasmodia activity of the extracts. One way ANOVA was employed to analyze these data, followed by post hoc Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison test.Results: The chemo-suppressive activities produced by the highest dose (400mg/kg) of crude extract and the aqueous fraction of Schinus molle seeds in the four-day suppressive test were 76.03% and 73.82%(p<0.001), respectively. In the curative test, the highest dose of crude and the aqueous fraction of Schinus molle seeds had 82.12% and 84.30% (p<0.001) suppression activity, respectively. The percentage of suppression in the prophylactic activities test of the aqueous fraction was 79.78% (p<0.001) at 400mg/kg compared to the negative control group. The studied plant extracts were likely anticipated to show rapid rectal temperature reduction and weight loss significantly. Among the extracts, only chloroform fraction has prevented the reduction of packed cell volume, due to the absence of saponin in the fraction. The mice which were treated with crude extract and aqueous fraction survived longer and gained net body weight as compared to vehicle-treated mice (p<0.001).Conclusion: The crude extract and aqueous fraction of Schinus molle seeds possessed significant antimalarial activity. These results collectively indicate that the plant has promising anti-plasmodial activity against Plasmodium berghei. However, further confirmatory studies followed by isolation and characterization of the active antimalarial compound are recommended.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antimalaria dari Spons Xestospongia sp. Asal Pulau Yapen secara In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Murtihapsari Murtihapsari ◽  
Mathelda K. Roreng ◽  
Apriani Parubak ◽  
Alif Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Steroid Alkaloid

It is generally admitted that marine sponge has rich of secondary metabolite as alkaloids, peptides and terpene. Those various compounds can be used for antimalarial drug.  This study aims to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity and to characterize the effectiveness of dose (ED50) of n-hexane extracted from Xestospongia sp. by using the Plasmodium berghei infected to mices. In the present study, we used Peter’s four day suppressive test, where the mice infected with Plasmodium berghei intra peritoneal with a suspension containing infected red blood cell origin from donor mice with parasitemia. Results of present study exhibited that the sponge Xestospongia sp. contains secondary metabolite including tritepenoid/steroid, alkaloid and saponin. Furthermore, an in vivo test revealed the affectivity dose (ED50) was 0.24 mg/kg of body weight. This finding is categorized a signifant decreasing level of parasitemia.   Secara umum, spons laut mempunyai kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, peptide dan terpena. Berbagai senyawa tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat antimalaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan kimia dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antimalarial secara in vivo untuk efektivitas dosis (ED50) ekstrak n-heksana dari spons Xestospongia sp. dengan menggunakan Plasmodium berghei yang diinfeksi ke tikus. Penelitian ini digunakan metode the 4-day Supresive Test, dimana mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara intra peritoneal dengan suspensi yang mengandung sel darah merah terinfeksi yang berasal dari mencit donor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya kandungan metabolit sekunder diantaranya tritepenoid/steroid, alkaloid dan saponin. Selanjutnya, uji in vivo diperoleh nilai ED50 sebesar 0,24 mg/kg BB dikelompokan sangat baik, yang dapat menurunkan tingkat parasitemia secara signifikan. Dengan demikian, spons laut asal pulau Yapen dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber metabolit potensial untuk obat antimalaria.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of Caesalpiniabonduc against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
A.E. Ubhenin ◽  
I Igbe ◽  
F.A. Adamude ◽  
A Falodun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Different Doses

The present study was carried out to evaluate the Acute toxicity, hepatoprotective and in-vivo antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonduc leaf on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage using Swiss albino rats . The ethanolic extract of the plant of C. bonduc were suspended in 5 % tragacanth and then administered orally at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for fourteen days before intraperitoneally injection of Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at dose of 2 mL/kg body weight. The plant extracts at 250 and 500mg/kg b.wt showed a remarkable hepatoprotective and invivo antioxidant activities against carbon tetrachloride CCl4 – induced hepatotoxity judged from the serum marker enzymes .The CCl4 induced significant increase in aspartate amino transferase( AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phophatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and malondyaldehyde (MDA) with a reduction of total protein, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase . Treatment of rats with different doses of plant extract (250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) significantly (P< 0.001) altered serum maker enzymes and antioxidant levels to near normal levels. The study suggests that C. Bonduc specifically chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction may be good sources of natural antioxidant and hepatoprotective substance.Keywords: Ceasalpiniabonduc, hepatoprotective, intraperitoneally , antioxidant

Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of Cistus salviifolius L. (Cistaceae) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Sayah ◽  
Hanae Naceiri Mrabti ◽  
Badia Belarj ◽  
Faouzi Kichou ◽  
Yahia Cherrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius

AbstractObjectivesCistus salviifoluis L. is a shrub from Cistaceae family used in many traditional medicines for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antidiabetic potential of the aerial parts aqueous extract of Cistus salviifolius L. (CSA).MethodsExperimental diabetes was induced in adult male mice by intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NC). CSA at a dose of 500 mg/kg was administered daily to the diabetic mice for four weeks. The effect of the extract on hyperglycemia, body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, hepatic and renal functional markers were determined. Histopathological examination of the mice pancreas was also performed. The diabetic animals treated with CSA were compared with animals treated by the standard drug metformin.ResultsTreatment with CSA showed a significant reduction in blood glucose, total triglycerides and creatinine levels and prevented the reduction of body weight caused by diabetes. Furthermore, histopathological analysis of the mice pancreas showed that the group treated with CSA reduced damage induced by STZ-NC on islets of Langerhans cells when compared to the diabetic control.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the aqueous extract of Moroccan C. salviifolius L. possesses beneficial effect on treatment of diabetes.

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