In vivo curative antimalarial effects of the aqueous extract of Entandrophragma angolense bark on Plasmodium berghei infection in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo ◽  
Abel Narcisse Messi Betene ◽  
Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou ◽  
Jean Hubert Donfack ◽  
Marius Jaures Tsakem Nangap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Biochemical Tests

Abstract Background Research for new antimalarial drugs remains a permanent quest for the control of malaria disease due to the emerging parasite resistances. The present study investigates the effects of the aqueous extract of Entandrophragma angolense (E. angolense) bark on Plasmodium. berghei-induced malaria in mice. Methods Eight weeks old female mice, were intraperitoneally infested with 200 μL of mouse blood, containing 1x106 P. berghei-infected-erythrocytes. Parasitaemia was determined using a 10% giemsa stained blood smear read under optical microscope (x100). The infected animals were randomized into 5 groups of 10 animals each and daily treated for 5 days with the plant extract at 125, 250 and 500 mg / kg. The malaria control received distilled water (10 mL / kg) while the chloroquine control was treated with 10 mg / kg of chloroquine. A group of healthy mice was used as the normal control and received distilled water. Body weight, parasitaemia and survival time were monitored daily during treatment and follow up periods. Five animals from each group were sacrificed under anaesthesia at the end of treatment (d8) and after the follow up period (d28). Venous blood was used for haematological and biochemical tests. Organs (liver, kidneys and spleen) were also collected for biochemical and histological analyses. Results Administration of the aqueous extract of E. angolense bark to infected mice significantly inhibited parasite development (p < 0.001) with ED50 estimated at 25.32 mg / kg. The extract prevented animal from death, body weight loss, anaemia, leucocytosis, high transaminases (ALT and AST), high bilirubin, creatinine and MDA levels, oxidative stress and anatomical alteration in organs as compared to the malaria control. Conclusions The E. angolense bark possesses antimalarial properties, supporting its use in traditional medicine to treat malaria.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antimalarial properties of Sophora exigua Craib. root extract in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantarakorn Kaewdana ◽  
Prapaporn Chaniad ◽  
Pitchanee Jariyapong ◽  
Arisara Phuwajaroanpong ◽  
Chuchard Punsawad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Breast Milk Production

Abstract Background Sophora exigua Craib. is commonly used in Thailand to reduce fever and increase postpartum breast milk production in women who have hypogalactia. However, there has been no report on the antioxidant and antimalarial properties of this plant. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimalarial activities of S. exigua root extract and to evaluate its acute toxicity in mice to confirm its safety. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. The in vivo antioxidant activities were determined by detecting the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the livers of malaria-infected mice. The in vivo antimalarial activity was determined by Peters’ 4-day suppressive test in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA and orally administered S. exigua root aqueous and ethanolic extracts at different doses (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight). In addition, the acute oral toxicity of the plant extracts was assessed in mice at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Results The ethanolic extract of S. exigua root exhibited inhibition of DPPH radicals, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 24.63 ± 1.78, 129.78 ± 0.65, and 30.58 ± 1.19 μg/ml, respectively. Similarly, research on the in vivo antioxidant activity indicated that the ethanolic extract of S. exigua root exerted a stronger effect than the aqueous extract. The aqueous extract at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg had stronger antimalarial activity than the ethanolic extract. The aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg exhibited 60.46% suppression of parasitemia. Increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected in the mice treated with 2000 mg/kg ethanolic extract, which was related to the results of histopathological analysis of liver tissue, showing ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, diffuse hepatic hemorrhage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the ethanolic S. exigua root extract possessed antioxidant properties, and the aqueous extract also had antimalarial activity. Therefore, this plant is an alternative source of new antioxidant and antimalarial agents.

Amodiaquine–Ciprofloxacin: a potential combination therapy against drug resistant malaria

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. FALAJIKI ◽  
O. AKINOLA ◽  
O. O. ABIODUN ◽  
C. T. HAPPI ◽  
A. SOWUNMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Peak Parasitaemia

SUMMARYEmergence of malaria parasites resistant to artemisinin necessitates the need for development of new antimalarial therapies. Ciprofloxacin (CFX) a second generation quinolone antibiotic possesses some antimalarial activities. We investigated the in vivo antimalarial activities of CFX in combination with amodiaquine in mice infected with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Animals were treated orally with 80 or 160 mg kg−1 body weight of CFX alone given twice daily or in combination with amodiaquine (AQ) 10 mg kg−1 body weight. Parasitological activity and survival of the animals were assessed over 21 days. Peak parasitaemia in the untreated control group was 72·51%. Treatment with AQ alone resulted in clearance of parasitaemia by day 4 while treatment with CFX 80 and 160 mg kg−1 alone suppressed parasitaemia by 13·94–54·64% and 35·6–92·7%, respectively. However, the combination of CFX with AQ significantly enhanced response of infection in the animals to treatment (P < 0·05) resulting in complete resolution of parasitaemia throughout follow up period with CFX 160 mg kg−1, delayed recrudescence time with CFX 80 mg kg−1 and significant increase in survival rate of the animals. The results demonstrate beneficial interaction between AQ and CFX which may provide a clinically relevant antimalarial/antibiotic therapeutic option in the management of malaria.

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of aqueous extract of the traditional Chinese formula Qing Hao Gan Cao

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchun Li ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Chen ◽  
Liutao Zhao ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Qing Hao

Abstract Qing Hao Gan Cao (QHGC), a Chinese medicinal formula containing Artemisia annua and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has been used to treat sunstroke and as an antiviral agent for more than 800 years. It has not previously been subject to a toxicological safety evaluation in acute and subacute (28 days) studies. Therefore, the acute and subacute toxicity of an aqueous extract of QHGC were evaluated in vivo. For the QHGC preparation, the botanical raw materials were crushed into pieces and mixed in the ratio of 10:1 in distilled water for 12 h, then boiling three times for 2 h each time. The three decoctions were mixed and filtered, then spray-dried with hot air at 160°C for 30 min, and stored at room temperature. For the acute toxicity test, 72.0 g/kg of QHGC extract was administered by gavage to male and female mice. Body weight, general observations, and autopsy results were recorded. No mortality or toxicity signs were observed during the studies. For the subacute toxicity test, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 g/kg/day of QHGC extract was administered to rats for 28 days. General observations and mortality, body weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, organ weight, and pathological morphology were analyzed. The acute and subacute toxicity studies did not show significant changes in body weight, general observations, hematology and biochemical parameters, organ weight, and liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, testis, ovary, lung, heart, and kidney histopathological analyses. The consumption of QHGC aqueous extract can be considered safe within the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Clinical and in Vivo Response Following Surgery or Surgery Plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy for Colorectal Carcinoma in a Rat Model

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K House ◽  
M A L Maley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recurrent Tumour ◽  
Mesenteric Node ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tumour Weight

Two cohorts of rats, 240 with colon cancer and 150 controls, were assessed clinically and immunologically for their response to tumour and its management which was either by surgical excision alone or by surgical excision combined with either adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The histology and invasion characteristics were observed for similarity with those of human lesions. Metastases were found in liver, lymph nodes, the peritoneum or lungs in 27% of animals during follow up. Significantly fewer adjuvant-treated rats had metastases than those receiving surgery alone ( P < 0.05), and less total tumour weight was found in the adjuvant-treated rats at four ( P < 0.03) and six ( P < 0.001) weeks postoperatively. Animals in the adjuvant immunotherapy group survived longer than in either other group ( P < 0.001). The crude parameters of host response to tumour, body, spleen and mesenteric lymph node weight were recorded and the latter two indexed to body weight. The body weight of tumour and control rats increased significantly with time ( P < 0.04). The spleen and mesenteric node indices were significantly ( P < 0.04) greater in tumour than control rats and were varied by recurrent tumour growth and by the adjuvant treatment administered postoperatively.

scholarly journals In vivo antiplasmodial activity of Bombax buonopozense root bark aqueous extract in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akuodor Godwin Christian ◽  
Ezeonu Chinonyelum Thecla ◽  
Essien Augustine Dick ◽  
Asika Ebere Chile ◽  
Chilaka Kingsley Chimsorom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Root Bark

scholarly journals Delving into the Antiurolithiatic Potential of Tribulus terrestris Extract Through –In Vivo Efficacy and Preclinical Safety Investigations in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Kaushik ◽  
Simran Tandon ◽  
Rishi Bhardwaj ◽  
Tanzeer Kaur ◽  
Surinder Kumar Singla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Preclinical Safety

Abstract Modern treatment interventions for kidney stones are wrought with side-effects, hence the need for alternative therapies such as plant-based medicines. We have previously documented through in vitro studies that statistically optimized aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae family) possesses antiurolithic and antioxidant potential. This provides strong scientific foundation to conduct in vivo efficacy and preclinical safety studies to corroborate and lend further proof to its ability to prevent and cure kidney stones. The preventive and curative urolithiatic efficacy in experimentally induced nephrolithiatic Wistar rats, along with preclinical toxicity was evaluated following oral administration of statistically optimized aqueous extract of T. terrestris. Treatment showed augmented renal function, restoration of normal renal architecture and increase in body weight. Microscopic analysis of urine revealed excretion of small sized urinary crystals, demonstrating that treatment potentially modulated the morphology of renal stones. Tissue enzymatic estimation affirmed the antioxidant efficacy of treatment with reduced free radical generation. Significant upregulation of p38MAPK at both the gene and protein level was noted in hyperoxaluric group and interestingly treatment reversed it. Acute oral toxicity study established the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) by repeated oral toxicity for 28 days at 750 mg/kg b.wt. was noted. This study lends scientific evidence to the safe, preventive and curative potential of statistically optimized aqueous extract of T. terrestris at a dose of 750 mg/kg b.wt. and suggests that the extract shows promise as a therapeutic antiurolithic agent.

scholarly journals Amodiaquine and Ciprofloxacin Combination in Plasmodiasis Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace Mayen Edwin Ubulom ◽  
Chinweizu Ejikeme Udobi ◽  
Mark Iheukwumere Madu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Better Than

Objective. The study was designed to determine the efficacy of combined Amodiaquine and Ciprofloxacin in plasmodiasis therapy.Method. The in vivo antiplasmodial effect of different dosage levels of Amodiaquine, Ciprofloxacin, and their combinations againstPlasmodium berghei bergheiwas evaluated using Swiss albino mice.Results. Amodiaquine (a known antiplasmodial agent) had a fairly significant antiplasmodial effect reducing the parasites for every 100 red blood cells (RBC) from 66 to 16 (75.75%) at the tolerable dosage level of 7.5 mg/kg body weight while Ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic known to have antimalarial effect) showed an insignificant antiplasmodial effect reducing the parasites for every 100 RBC from 65 to 64 (1.53%) at the tolerable dosage level of 10.7 mg/kg body weight. Conversely, the combination therapy of Amodiaquine and Ciprofloxacin had a significant antiplasmodial effect at all the doses administered. The combination of 7.5 mg/kg of Amodiaquine and 12.8 mg/kg of Ciprofloxacin, however, showed the most significant antiplasmodial effect of the doses used reducing the number of parasites per 100 RBC from 60 to 10 (83.33%).Conclusions. Appropriate Amodiaquine and Ciprofloxacin combination will be effective for the treatment of malaria and better than either Amodiaquine or Ciprofloxacin singly at their recommended dosage levels.

Berberis vulgaris L. effects on oxidative stress and liver injury in lead-intoxicated mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawhar Laamech ◽  
Jaouad El-Hilaly ◽  
Hamadi Fetoui ◽  
Yassine Chtourou ◽  
Hanane Gouitaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mice Liver

AbstractBackgroundL. (BV), commonly known as “MethodsSixty IOPS mice were divided into six groups and were treated as follows: group 1 (normal control) received double distilled water; group 2 (toxic control) received lead acetate (5 mg/kg body weight/day) in double distilled water for 40 days; groups 3–6 received BV aqueous extract at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight , respectively, once daily for 30 days from 11 day after beginning of lead acetate exposure to the end of the experiment.ResultsToxic control group showed a significant alteration of serum alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), total bilirubin (TB), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histological assessment of lead-intoxicated mice liver revealed alterations in hepatocytes and focal necrosis. BV treatment significantly prevented lead accumulation, increased ALT, AST, TC, and TB, inhibited lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls(PCO) formation. Additionally, BV extract normalized the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GPx), GSH and architecture of liver tissues.ConclusionsBV aqueous extract exerts significant hepatoprotective effects against lead-induced oxidative stress and liver dysfunction. The BV effect may be mediated through the enhancement of antioxidant status, lead-chelating abilities and free radicals quenching.

scholarly journals Protection of renal function by four selected plant extracts during Plasmodium berghei infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola ◽  
Kazeem Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Urea Nitrogen

Background: Weakening of renal function from reactive oxygen species generated during malaria infection is one of the prominent causes of death in prevalent regions. The potential toxicity of free radical generated by malaria parasites are counteracted by a large number of cytoprotective phytochemicals. Therefore, this study examined the influence of extracts of five selected antimalarial plants (Azadirachta indica, Parquetina nigrescens, Citrus paradisi, and Khaya senigalensis) on reduction of inflammation in renal tissue, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels during malaria infection using Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss albino mice. For in vivo assay, mice were inoculated with 1 × 107 parasitized erythrocytes and plant extracts were subsequently administered orally at 100 mg/kg body weight once a day for 17 consecutive days. The chemo-suppressive and prophylaxis effects of the plant extracts against P. berghei were investigated and compared with those of standard antimalarial drug, chloroquine. Tail bleeding was performed to check the percentage parasitaemia by making a thin film smear on a slide, stained in Giemsa. The numbers of parasited cells against the unparasitised cells were counted using a microscope. The effect of malaria infection on renal tissue was assessed by histological analysis and measurement of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in plasma. At 100 mg/kg per body weight, aqueous extract of K. senegalensis, A. indica, C. paradisi and P. nigrescens exhibited significant (p<0.05) percentage inhibition and chemo-suppressive effects in comparison with the chloroquine treated mice. The result of the untreated group showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of plasma urea while the level of the groups treated with plants extract stabilized the level of urea and creatinine in the blood. Also there was a pathological lesion on the kidney tissue of untreated group whereas the group treated with aqueous extract of A. indica, Khaya senegalensis and C. paradisi showed no lesion. It can be established that the extracts can protect and preserve renal function during malaria infection. These findings justified the use of the extracts in traditional medicine practice, for the treatment of malaria infection.  Keywords: Plasmodium berghei, antimalarial plants, renal function, antiplasmodium

Chemical composition analysis and in vivoAnti-diabetic activity of aqueous extract of aerial part of Pallenis spinosa in diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkrim Khettaf ◽  
Seloua Dridi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Significant Activity

Background: The aim of this work is to confirm the anti-diabetic activity of Pallenis spinosa as recommended in traditional medicine and the chemical analysis of the aerial part of Pallenis spinosa. Methods: The isolated compounds have been identified by the chemical methods and spectrometric analysis such as: UV, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. With regard to anti-diabetic activity, a series of experiments have been carried out in vivo on Westar albino rats. Diabetes has been induced in the animals by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocine; they have been treated a day with an aqueous extract from the aerial part infusion (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. Results: The chemical analysis of the aerial part of Pallenis spinosa has led to the isolation of five known flavanoid: Patuletin 7-galactopyranoside, patuletin-3-O-α-L-rharnnopyranosyl (1-6)-β-D-galactopyranoside, tricin 7-glucopyranoside, tricin and quercetin. The aqueous extract of both doses 250 mg and 500 mg has shown a significant activity in reducing blood sugar with 43.38% for the dose of 250 mg / kg and 37.76% for the dose of 500 mg / kg, as well as a significant decrease in the total fatness, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol levels in animals Treatment compared to diabetes control group (P = 0.05). We’ve used Glibenclamide as a reference, and it has shown similar results. Conclusion: In order to explore and develop new anti-diabetes drugs, more studies are needed on this plant for scrutinizing its mechanism of activity.

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