scholarly journals Gender-specific temporal trends in overweight prevalence among Chinese adults: a hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis from 2008 to 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinmei Yang ◽  
Mohammedhamid Osman Kelifa ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Carly Herbert ◽  
Yongbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Overweight Prevalence ◽  
Age And Cohort Effects

Abstract Background As a key health risk, the prevalence of overweight has been strikingly increasing worldwide. This study aimed to disentangle the net age, period, and cohort effects on overweight among Chinese adults by gender. Methods Data came from the Chinese General Social Survey from 2008 to 2015, which was a repeated cross-sectional survey (n = 55,726, aged 18 and older). χ2 or t tests were used to estimate the gender disparities in overweight and socioeconomic status (SES). A series of hierarchical age-period-cohort cross-classified random-effects models were performed using SAS version 9.4 to estimate the overall and gender-specific temporal trends of overweight, as well as the association between SES and overweight. Further, a series of line charts were used to present the age and cohort variations in overweight. Results After controlling for covariates, significant age and cohort effects were observed among adults in China (b = 0.0205, p < 0.001; b = 0.0122, p < 0.05; respectively). Specifically, inverted U-shaped age effects were identified for both genders, with a high probability of overweight occurring in middle age (b = –0.0012, p < 0.001). Overweight was more prevalent among men than women before 60 years old, and this trend reversed thereafter (b = –0.0253, p < 0.001). Moreover, men born during the war (before 1950) and reform cohorts (after the 1975s) demonstrated a substantial decline in overweight, while men born in 1950–1975 showed an increasing trend in overweight prevalence (b = 0.0378, p < 0.05). However, the cohort effect on women was not statistically significant. Additionally, a higher SES was related to an elevated probability of overweight. Conclusion Gender-specific age and cohort effects on the prevalence of overweight were observed among Chinese adults. Both China and other developing countries need to pay attention to the coming obesity challenge and related health inequality. Full life-cycle overweight prevention interventions should focus on middle-aged adults, men born in the war and reform eras, and adults with a higher SES.

scholarly journals Characterizing Participation and Perceived Engagement Benefits in an Integrated Digital Behavioral Health Recovery Community for Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Curtis ◽  
Brandon Bergman ◽  
Austin Brown ◽  
Jessica McDaniel ◽  
Kristen Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Behavioral Health Disorders ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Gender Specific

BACKGROUND Research suggests that digital recovery support services (D-RSSs) may help support individual recovery and augment the availability of in-person supports. Previous studies highlight the use of D-RSSs in supporting individuals in recovery from substance use but have yet to examine the use of D-RSSs in supporting a combination of behavioral health disorders, including substance use, mental health, and trauma. Similarly, few studies on D-RSSs have evaluated gender-specific supports or integrated communities, which may be helpful to women and individuals recovering from behavioral health disorders. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the SHE RECOVERS (SR) recovery community, with the following 3 aims: (1) to characterize the women who engage in SR (including demographics and recovery-related characteristics), (2) describe the ways and frequency in which participants engage with SR, and (3) examine the perception of benefit derived from engagement with SR. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional survey to examine the characteristics of SR participants. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests, as well as univariate logistic regressions, were used to explore each aim. RESULTS Participants (N=729, mean age 46.83 years; 685/729, 94% Caucasian) reported being in recovery from a variety of conditions, although the most frequent nonexclusive disorder was substance use (86.40%, n=630). Participants had an average length in recovery (LIR) of 6.14 years (SD 7.87), with most having between 1 and 5 years (n=300). The most frequently reported recovery pathway was abstinence-based 12-step mutual aid (38.40%). Participants reported positive perceptions of benefit from SR participation, which did not vary by LIR or recovery pathway. Participants also had high rates of agreement, with SR having a positive impact on their lives, although this too did vary by recovery length and recovery pathway. Participants with 1 to 5 years of recovery used SR to connect with other women in recovery at higher rates, whereas those with less than 1 year used SR to ask for resources at higher rates, and those with 5 or more years used SR to provide support at higher rates. Lifetime engagement with specific supports of SR was also associated with LIR and recovery pathway. CONCLUSIONS Gender-specific and integrated D-RSSs are feasible and beneficial from the perspective of participants. D-RSSs also appear to provide support to a range of recovery typologies and pathways in an effective manner and may be a vital tool for expanding recovery supports for those lacking in access and availability because of geography, social determinants, or other barriers.

The association between sexual orientation and screening of prevalent gender-specific cancers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
Michael Joseph Herriges ◽  
Ruben Pinkhasov ◽  
Keren Lehavot ◽  
Oleg Shapiro ◽  
Joseph M Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

198 Background: Data on heterogeneity in cancer screening and diagnosis rates among sexual minorities (SMs) is lacking. Recent studies have shown SMs are more likely to engage in risky health behavior and have decreased healthcare utilization. However, few studies have examined how sexual orientation impacts cancer screening and prevalence. We therefore investigated whether sexual orientation affects prevalent gender-specific cancer including prostate (PCa), breast (BC), and cervical cancer (CC). Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey-based US study, including men and women aged 18+ from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) database (part of the National Cancer Institute’s division of cancer control and population sciences) between 2017-2019. The primary endpoint was individual-reported PCa, BC, and CC screening and prevalence rates among heterosexuals and homosexuals/bisexuals. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed association of various covariates with undergoing screening and diagnosis of these cancers. Results: Overall, 4,441 and 6,333 heterosexual men and women, respectively, were compared to 225 and 213 homosexual/bisexual men and women, respectively. Homosexuals/bisexuals were younger and less likely to be screened for PCa (34.7% vs 41.3%, p=0.013), BC (54.5% vs 80.7%, p=<0.001), and CC (88.3% vs 95.4%, p=<0.001). While rates of PCa and BC diagnosis were similar, more than twice as many homosexual/bisexual women were diagnosed with CC (4.2% vs 1.9%, p=0.023). Multivariable logistic regression models (Table) showed homosexuals/bisexuals were less likely to be screened for cancer with ORs of 0.61 (95% CI 0.39-0.95) for PCa, 0.52 (95% CI 0.30-0.92) for BC, and 0.21 (95% CI 0.09-0.46) for CC. Homosexuals/bisexuals were more likely to be diagnosed with any cancer with ORs of 1.64 (95% CI 1.06-2.54) in women only and 1.50 (95% CI 1.11-2.03) in men and women combined. Conclusions: Homosexuals/bisexuals in the US may be less likely to undergo screening of gender-specific prevalent malignancies, including PCa, BC, and CC. The implementation of cancer screening among SMs should be improved. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Personal Characteristics Effects on Validation of Self-reported Type 2 Diabetes From a Cross-sectional Survey Among Chinese Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Hong-Lan Li ◽  
Jie Fang ◽  
Long-Gang Zhao ◽  
Da-Ke Liu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The prevalences of overweight and obesity in children aged 4 to 12 years in Gibraltar

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara FL Kirk ◽  
Melanie McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
First Time ◽  
Weight Data ◽  
Overweight Prevalence ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity ◽  
Obesity In Children

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalences of overweight and obesity in children aged 4 to 12 years, using the standard definitions proposed by the International Obesity Taskforce.Design:Population prevalence cross-sectional survey involving measurement of height and weight. Data collection took place in 1998.Setting:Schools in Gibraltar.Subjects:In total 2994 children, aged 4–12 years, attending these schools (1540 boys, 1454 girls).Results:Prevalence of overweight in boys was 19.7%, while obesity prevalence was 10.8%. For the girls, overweight prevalence was 21.4%, while obesity prevalence was 10.6%. There were no significant differences in the proportions of overweight or obesity between boys and girls.Conclusions:This was the first time that the prevalences of overweight and obesity have been estimated in children from Gibraltar. These data provide further information on prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, using defined cut-offs for comparison with data from other countries.

scholarly journals Support for Marijuana (Cannabis) Legalization: Untangling Age, Period, and Cohort Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Campbell ◽  
Jean Twenge ◽  
Nathan Carter
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Nationally Representative

In three large, nationally representative surveys of U.S. 12th graders, college students, and adults (N = 9 million) conducted 1968–2015, Americans became significantly more supportive of legal marijuana (cannabis) starting in the mid-1980’s. Hierarchical models using age-period-cohort analysis on the adult (General Social Survey) sample showed that the increased support for legalization is primarily a time period effect rather than generational or age effect; thus, Americans of all ages became more supportive of legal marijuana. Among 12th graders, support for marijuana legalization was closely linked to perceptions of marijuana safety.

scholarly journals How clinician-patient communication affects trust in health information sources: Temporal trends from a national cross-sectional survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247583
Author(s):  
Onur Asan ◽  
Zhongyuan Yu ◽  
Bradley H. Crotty
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Information Sources

Background Understanding patients’ trust in health information sources is critical to designing work systems in healthcare. Patient-centered communication during the visit might be a major factor in shaping patients’ trust in information sources. Objective The purpose of this paper is to explore relationships between patient ratings of clinician communication during the visit and patient trust in health information sources. Methodology We conducted a secondary analysis of the nationally-representative Health Information National Trends Surveys; HINTS4 Cycle1 (2011), HINTS4 Cycle4 (2014), and HINTS5 Cycle1 (2017), and HINTS5 Cycle2 (2018). We created a composite score of patient-centered communication from five questions and dichotomized at the median. We created multivariable logistic regression models to see how patient-centered communication influenced trust in different information sources across cycles. Consecutively, we used hierarchical analysis for aggregated data. Results We analyzed data from 14,425 individuals. In the adjusted logistic models for each cycle and the hierarchical model, clinicians’ perceived patient-centered communication skills were significantly associated with increased trust in the clinicians as an information source. Conclusion Clinicians still represent an essential source of trustworthy information reinforced by patient-centered communication skills. Given that trust helps build healing relationships that lead to better healthcare outcomes, communication sets an essential foundation to establish necessary trust. Interpreting information from the internet sources for patients is likely to remain a vital clinician function.

scholarly journals Adolescent Sexting: The Roles of Self-Objectification and Internalization of Media Ideals

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashton Gerding Speno ◽  
Jennifer Stevens Aubrey
Keyword(s):  
Path Model ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Situational Cues ◽  
Serial Mediation ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
Gender Specific

We examined adolescent sexting using objectification theory as a framework. We hypothesized that sexting is a manifestation of trait self-objectification and the internalization of gender-specific media ideals about attractiveness. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 201 Midwestern adolescents, 14–17 years old. We tested a three-stage path model, which differed for female and male adolescents. For female adolescents, self-objectification was positively associated with favorable attitudes about sexting, which further predicted two types of intentions to engage in sexting: sexting when there is trust in the sexting partner (security-based intentions) and sexting that is spurred by situational cues. Although there was a serial mediation effect of self-objectification on sexting behaviors through sexting attitudes and total sexting intentions, only the indirect effect of sexting attitudes on behaviors through security-based intentions was individually significant. For male adolescents, internalization of media ideals was positively associated with sexting attitudes, which further predicted the two types of sexting intentions. Similar to female adolescents, there was a serial mediation effect of internalization of media ideals on sexting behaviors through sexting attitudes and total sexting intentions; however, only security-based sexting intentions predicted sexting behaviors. Our results have implications regarding how to conceptualize adolescent sexting and how researchers, parents, and educators may help teenage youth to establish healthy sexting attitudes and behaviors. Additional online materials for this article are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684318809383

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